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Apache hadoop
- 1. Apache Hadoop - Large Scale Data Processing Sharath Bandaru & Sai Dinesh Koppuravuri Advanced Topics Presentation ISYE 582 :Engineering Information Systems
- 2. Overview Understanding Big Data Structured/Unstructured Data Limitations Of Existing Data Analytics Structure Apache Hadoop Hadoop Architecture HDFS Map Reduce Conclusions References
- 3. Understanding Big Data Big Data Is creating Large And Growing Files Measured in: Petabytes (10^12) Terabytes (10^15) Which is largely unstructured
- 5. Why now ?DataGrowth STRUCTURED DATA – 20% 1980 2013 UNSTRUCTUREDDATA–80% Source : Cloudera, 2013
- 6. Challenges posed by Big Data Velocity Volume Variety 400 million tweets in a day on Twitter 1 million transactions by Wal-Mart every hour 2.5 peta bytes created by Wal-Mart transactions in an hour Videos, Photos, Text messages, Images, Audios, Documents, Emails, etc.,
- 7. Limitations Of Existing Data Analytics Architecture BI Reports + Interactive Apps RDBMS (aggregated data) ETL Compute Grid Storage Only Grid ( original raw data ) Collection Instrumentation Moving Data To Compute Doesn’t Scale Can’t Explore Original High Fidelity Raw Data Archiving= Premature Data Death
- 8. So What is Apache ? • A set of tools that supports running of applications on big data. • Core Hadoop has two main systems: - HDFS : self-healing high-bandwidth clustered storage. - Map Reduce : distributed fault-tolerant resource management and scheduling coupled with a scalable data programming abstraction.
- 9. History Source : Cloudera, 2013
- 10. The Key Benefit: Agility/Flexibility Schema-on-Write (RDBMS): Schema-on-Read (Hadoop): • Schema must be created before any data can be loaded. • An explicit load operation has to take place which transforms data to DB internal structure. • New columns must be added explicitly before new data for such columns can be loaded into the database • Data is simply copied to the file store, no transformation is needed. • A SerDe (Serializer/Deserlizer) is applied during read time to extract the required columns (late binding). • New data can start flowing anytime and will appear retroactively once the SerDe is updated to parse it. • Read is Fast • Standards/Governance • Load is Fast • Flexibility/Agility Pros
- 11. Use The Right Tool For The Right Job Relational Databases: Hadoop: Use when: • Interactive OLAP Analytics (< 1 sec) • Multistep ACID transactions • 100 % SQL compliance Use when: • Structured or Not (Flexibility) • Scalability of Storage/Compute • Complex Data Processing
- 12. Traditional Approach Big Data Powerful Computer Processing limit Enterprise Approach:
- 17. HDFS: Hadoop Distributed File System • A given file is broken into blocks (default=64MB), then blocks are replicated across cluster(default=3). 1 2 3 4 5 HDFS 3 4 5 1 2 5 1 3 4 2 4 5 1 2 3 Optimized for : • Throughput • Put/Get/Delete • Appends Block Replication for : • Durability • Availability • Throughput Block Replicas are distributed across servers and racks
- 18. Fault Tolerance for Data Task Tracker Job Tracker Name Node Data Node Master Task Tracker Data Node Task Tracker Data Node Task Tracker Data Node Slaves HDFS
- 19. Fault Tolerance for Processing Task Tracker Job Tracker Name Node Data Node Master Task Tracker Data Node Task Tracker Data Node Task Tracker Data Node Slaves Map Reduce
- 20. Fault Tolerance for Processing Task Tracker Job Tracker Name Node Data Node Master Task Tracker Data Node Task Tracker Data Node Task Tracker Data Node Slaves Tables are backed up
- 21. Map Reduce Input Data Map Map Map Map Map Shuffle Reduce Reduce Results
- 22. Understanding the concept of Map Reduce Mother Sam An Apple • Believed “an apple a day keeps a doctor away” The Story Of Sam
- 23. Understanding the concept of Map Reduce • Sam thought of “drinking” the apple He used a to cut the and a to make juice.
- 24. Understanding the concept of Map Reduce Next day • Sam applied his invention to all the fruits he could find in the fruit basket (map ‘( )’) (reduce ‘( )’) Classical Notion of Map Reduce in Functional Programming A list of values mapped into another list of values, which gets reduced into a single value
- 25. Understanding the concept of Map Reduce 18 Years Later • Sam got his first job in “Tropicana” for his expertise in making juices. Now, it’s not just one basket but a whole container of fruits Also, they produce a list of juice types separately NOT ENOUGH !! But, Sam had just ONE and ONE Large data and list of values for output Wait!
- 26. Understanding the concept of Map Reduce Brave Sam (<a, > , <o, > , <p, > , …) Each input to a map is a list of <key, value> pairs Each output of a map is a list of <key, value> pairs (<a’, > , <o’, > , <p’, > , …) Grouped by key Each input to a reduce is a <key, value- list> (possibly a list of these, depending on the grouping/hashing mechanism) e.g. <a’, ( …)> Reduced into a list of values Implemented parallel version of his innovation
- 27. Understanding the concept of Map Reduce • Sam realized, – To create his favorite mix fruit juice he can use a combiner after the reducers – If several <key, value-list> fall into the same group (based on the grouping/hashing algorithm) then use the blender (reducer) separately on each of them – The knife (mapper) and blender (reducer) should not contain residue after use – Side Effect Free Source: (Map Reduce, 2010).
- 28. Conclusions • The key benefits of Apache Hadoop: 1) Agility/ Flexibility (Quickest Time to Insight) 2) Complex Data Processing (Any Language, Any Problem) 3) Scalability of Storage/Compute (Freedom to Grow) 4) Economical Storage (Keep All Your Data Alive Forever) • The key systems for Apache Hadoop are: 1) Hadoop Distributed File System : self-healing high-bandwidth clustered storage. 2) Map Reduce : distributed fault-tolerant resource management coupled with scalable data processing.
- 29. References • Ekanayake, S. (2010, March). Map Reduce : The Story Of Sam. Retrieved April 13, 2013, from http://esaliya.blogspot.com/2010/03/mapreduce-explained-simply-as-story- of.html. • Jeffrey Dean and Sanjay Ghemawat. (2004, December). Map Reduce : Simplified Data Processing on Large Clusters. • The Apache Software Foundation. (2013, April). Hadoop. Retrieved April 19, 2013, from http://hadoop.apache.org/. • Isabel Drost. (2010, February). Apache Hadoop : Large Scale Data Analysis made Easy. retrieved April 13, 2013, from http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VFHqquABHB8. • Dr. Amr Awadallah. (2011, November). Introducing Apache Hadoop : The Modern Data Operating System. Retrieved April 15, 2013, from http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=d2xeNpfzsYI