Discoverability presentation by Mary Somerville and Lettie Conrad

1. SAGE White Paper on Discoverability
in the Twenty-First Century: Collaborative
Opportunities for Publishers,
Vendors, and Librarians
Serials Solutions Company Meeting
May 23, 2012
Mary M. Somerville, MLS, MA, PhD
University of Colorado Denver, USA
Lettie Y. Conrad, MA
SAGE Publications
Disclaimer: This white paper was supported by SAGE in an effort to contribute
further to the conversation and debate around discoverability. It does not necessarily
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reflect the views or policies of SAGE. Additionally, the views of these presenters,
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while supported by SAGE, do not necessarily reflect the views or policies of SAGE.

2. Discoverability White Paper Scope:
● Best practices for access and discovery of content in libraries
● Big problems that publishers, vendors, and libraries need to solve
● Real solutions that librarians and publishers can implement
● Further observations for improving discoverability and visibility
Source: Somerville, M. M., Schader, B. J., and Sack, J. R. Improving Discoverability of Scholarly Content in
the Twenty-First Century: Collaboration Opportunities for Librarians, Publishers, and Vendors. A White
Paper commissioned by SAGE. Thousand Oaks, CA: SAGE, 2012.
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3. Symbiotic (but disrupted and fragmented) Scholarly Ecosystem:
● Librarians manage systems for institutional collection,
dissemination, and retrieval of scholarly corpus
● Publishers produce and promote authors‟ work through
formats findable on the open Web and in library catalogs
● Publishers‟ technology vendors supply e-pub platforms and
strategic SEO advice
● Libraries‟ technology vendors connect publishers‟ digital
content to OPACs through ERMs and web scale discovery
services
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4. Cross Sector Interviewees:
● Scholarly publishers and published authors
● Search engine developers, database providers, A&I
services, and academic publishers
● Electronic Resource Management (ERM) and Integrated
Library System (ILS) vendors
● Librarians who advance institutional discoverability
… including Michael Buschman/Serials Solutions, Lettie
Conrad/SAGE, Michael Gorrell/EBSCO, John Sack/HighWire Press,
Jabin White/ITHAKA, Suzanne Kemperman/OCLC
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5. Discoverability (working definition):
Scholars’ capacity to locate relevant content
in the scholarly corpus as needed to advance
research and other creative activity at
appropriate points in workflow.
Industry experts „ analysis found improved discoverability requires:
• Initiating conversations about cross sector strategies
• Discovery acceleration tools in familiar web environments
• Detailed indexing for highly relevant and precise results
• Seamless identification and fulfillment user experiences
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6. Publishers & Discoverability: Learning New Tricks
● Multiple screens, many channels – and growing
exponentially
● Metadata in various formats, delivered
immediately
● Value in semantic enrichment
● Filtering agents – a new role for us!
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7. Publishers & the Open Web
● Lack of control
• Indexing driven by openness
• Risks to traditional business models
● SEO rules change regularly
● New resource demands
● Tensions between technical & editorial
competencies
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8. Publishers & Discovery Services
● Lack of control
• Ranking algorithm
• Display / brand
• Updates / corrections
● New costs / demands on resource
● Disconnect from users
● New competitive challenge
• A&I business has changed
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9. Libraries & Discoverability
Content
• Scope and depth of content indexed
• Richness (and consistency) of metadata
• Frequency of content updates
• Ease of incorporating local content
Search
• Simplicity of the interface
• Quality of results, including relevance ranking
• Ability to customize search and relevance settings
• Availability of tools for navigating search results (clustering, facets)
• Ease of incorporation into existing institutional access tools.
• Support of user environments (mobile access, social-networking)
Source: Luther, J., & Kelly, M. C. The next generation of discovery. Library Journal, March 15, 2011.
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10. Libraries & Discoverability (continued)
Fit
• Ease of implementation
• Compatibility with existing software
• Vendor priorities for future developments
• Overall customer support, including reputation and experience
Cost
• As a new service in addition to continuing existing tools
• Instead of other finding tools or delaying other upgrades
• Justification in light of libraries‟ goals and objectives
• Staff time for implementation, maintenance, and evaluation
Source: Luther, J., & Kelly, M. C. The next generation of discovery. Library Journal, March 15, 2011.
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11. Published Studies from Europe, USA, Asia, & Australia:
Aymonin, D., et al., Be realistic, demand the impossible: Comparison of 4
discovery tools using real data at the EPFL Library. Technical Report, Ėcole
Polytechnique Fėdėrale de Lausanne, Switzerland, December 19, 2011.
Cai, H., et al. Effective approaches to the evaluation and selection of a discovery
tool. In ICADL'11 Proceedings of the 13th international conference on Asia-pacific
digital libraries: for cultural heritage, knowledge dissemination, and future creation,
Springer-Verlag, 2011.
Howard, D., & Wiebrands, C. Culture shock: Librarians‟ response to web scale
search. 2011 ALIA Information Online Conference, Australia Library and
Information Association, February 2011.
Pradhan, D. R., et al., Searching online resources in new discovery environments:
A state-of-the-art review. 8th international CALIBER, Goa University, India, March
2011. INFLIBNET Centre, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India.
Vaughan, J. Web scale discovery: what and why? Library Technology Reports
47(1, January 2011), 5-11.
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12. Some „conversation starters‟ to improve discoverability and visibility,
access and discovery, and usage and creation of the scholarly
corpus:
● Establish common standards for structured metadata,
information organization, resource presentation, and usage
statistics
● Explore and implement cross-platform and cross-publisher
industry best practices and shared standards
● Create online product interfaces and publisher website
designs that conform to (yet to be determined) standards
and functionalities
● Monitor (changing) researcher behaviors and apply findings
to publisher and library educational tools and system and
interface redesigns
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13. Collaboration Through Combination of Technologies, Standards,
and Practices:
● Open URL (link resolver) navigation technology that shows
options for obtaining target content and shows „best‟
version of scholarly content for which users have „rights‟
through academic affiliation validated by institutional
authentication (National Information Standards
Organization/NISO and Knowledge Bases and Related
Tools/KBART)
● Open Researcher and Contributor ID/ORCID assigns unique
identifiers to associate researches and entities with
research outputs, identifies version of record and most
recent or authoritative version of given work through its life
publication cycle (NISO has also recommended standard
version terms and CROSSRef has released a new feature
for version validation, CrossMark)
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14. Collaboration Through Combination of Technologies, Standards,
and Practices (continued):
● ScholarlyArticle offers structured data schema to enable
improved discovery of appropriate content through
consideration of a variety of unique properties, including
publisher, editor, reviewer, genre, reviews, ratings,
institution, location, creation date, and modification date, as
well as author, title, and source – all value added signifiers
of provenance and authority
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15. Recent Developments in Cross Sector
Communication and Collaboration:
New NISO Open Discovery Initiative Committee will convene open
discovery libraries, information content providers, and discovery
service providers to develop formal standards and recommended best
practices for „next generation‟ library discovery services using an
aggregated index search of a wide range of resources, licensed and
free, from multiple providers. This will necessarily require, for
instance, creation of consistent vocabulary and business practices to
clarify exactly which resources are available in uniquely licensed and
purchased electronic content and which are indexed in full text or by
citations only, or both, and whether the metadata derives from
aggregated databases or directly though the full text. (released
October 25, 2011)
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16. Recent Developments in Cross Sector
Communication and Collaboration (continued):
National Federation of Advanced Information Service (NFAIS)
Discovery Service Code of Practice Draft:
“discovery services have the potential to provide ease of information
discovery, access, and use, benefitting not only its member
organizations, but also the global community of information seekers.
However, the relative newness of these services has generated
questions and concerns among information providers and librarians
as to how these services meet expectations with regard to issues
related to traditional search and retrieval services; e.g., usage reports,
ranking algorithms, content coverage, updates, product identification,
etc. Accordingly, this document has been developed to assist those
who choose to use this new distribution channel through the provision
of guidelines that will help avoid the disruption of theAngeles | |London |balance
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of interests involved.” (released to NISO, Feb 1, 2012)

17. Recent Developments in Cross Sector
Communication and Collaboration (continued):
COUNTER Code of Practice for Usage Factors Draft:
“ provides specifications for the recording and reporting of Usage
Factors that are consistent with the COUNTER Code of Practice for
E-resources. …including specifications for the metadata to be
recorded, the content types and article versions whose usage may be
counted, as well as the Publication Period and Usage Period to be
used.” (released Mar 2012)
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18. Recent Study on Collaboration Opportunities Between Publishers,
Librarians, and Vendors:
Libraries at Webscale (OCLC) January 2012 reports on the
question: “what next?” and concludes “big collaboration in the
information ecosystem will come not only from broader
collaboration across libraries, library groups, consortia, and
partnerships across the broader knowledge community –
across researchers, publishers, commercial vendors, and
Webscale providers such as Google, Amazon, and Facebook.”
(page 31)
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19. OCLC Libraries at Webscale „Thought Leaders‟ Recommendations:
• “Connect users with content regardless of format or where it
is stored by creating new models of partnership with all types
of content providers
• Develop new forms of knowledge through dialogue and
discourse that are easily distributed, reviewed, and added to
the collective collection
• Build creative „spaces‟ that encourage collaborations of pure
exploration and invention among any ecosystem members,
organizations, or groups
• Build bridges, links, and tunnels to wells of information that
make it easy to find, connect, compare, mix, or mash up all
content into any format.” (p. 32-33)
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