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Bar Charts
in technical writing
OUTCOMES
OUTCOMES
De
fi
ne bar charts
OUTCOMES
Explain what bar
charts are used for
OUTCOMES
Recognize different
kinds of charts and
their functions
OUTCOMES
Produce effective bar
charts
OUTCOMES
Analyze and describe
the contents of a bar
chart
Graphs and
Charts
why do we use them?
1.
Graphs and charts display
numbers using shapes, colors and
patterns.
They’re especially useful for
showing comparisons, patterns
and trends.
Bar


Charts
What kind of data do they display?
2.
Bar charts (or bar graphs)are used
to show and compare discrete
categories of data.
12%
17%
24%
46%
Salaries Research Marketing Other
Each bar shows a specific
quantity
Di
ff
erent


Types
and their functions
3.
Basic
Basic
used to display one trend or theme
Horizontal
Horizontal
when there are a lot of categories
Horizontal
or when the categories have long titles
Grouped
Grouped
a separate bar represents each subgroup
Stacked
Stacked
shows how much each subgroup
contributed to the total
Monthly Sales
Phones
Sold
0
100
200
300
400
500
Companies
Apple HTC LG Samsung
January February
Monthly Sales
0
225
450
675
900
Apple HTC LG Samsung
January February
Key


Parts
Things to include in a bar chart
4.
measurements


title
axis labels
category


names
key
Important


Guidelines
Things to remember when using


bar charts
5.
only use bar charts to compare
values that are noticeably
di
ff
erent
only use bar charts to compare
values that are noticeably
di
ff
erences won’t show
Keep the chart simple and easy
to read
Keep the chart simple and easy
to read
don’t include too much information
label both scales to show what is
being measured
number your scales in units familiar
to your audience
use colors and patterns to make the
graph easy to read
Analyzing and


Describing
Writing About Bar Charts
6.
You don’t need discuss the
information
You should write a report
about the information
Introduction
State what the
chart is about
Figure 1 is a bar chart that shows the percentage of students who
are proficient in a foreign language in six di
ff
erent countries.
Students Who Are Proficient in a Foreign Language
Figure 1 is a bar chart that shows the percentage of students who
are proficient in a foreign language in six di
ff
erent countries.
Students Who Are Proficient in a Foreign Language
Stating the Trend
Explain the main idea
shown in the data
Students Who Are Proficient in a Foreign Language
As shown, overall, a far higher percentage of female students are
proficient in a foreign language than males.
Detailed Examples
Give speci
fi
c examples
that support main idea
Students Who Are Proficient in a Foreign Language
In India, for example, around 68 percent of female students are
proficient in a foreign language compared to only around 55
percent of males. Similarly, around 65 percent of Romanian
females can speak another language while only about 42 percent
of males can. Likewise, in Vietnam, Russian and China, more girls
are proficient in a second language than boys.
Students Who Are Proficient in a Foreign Language
In India, for example, around 68 percent of female students are
proficient in a foreign language compared to only around 55
percent of males. Similarly, around 65 percent of Romanian
females can speak another language while only about 42 percent
of males can. Likewise, in Vietnam, Russian and China, more girls
are proficient in a second language than boys.
You can also mention
exceptions to the trend
Students Who Are Proficient in a Foreign Language
In fact, Thailand is the only country in the chart where more male
students are proficient than females.
Repeating the


Main Idea
Remind the audience
of the main idea
Make sure you use di
ff
erent language
Students Who Are Proficient in a Foreign Language
To conclude, fluency in a foreign language is far more prominent
amongst women than it is amongst men.
the topic and concluding
sentences are like the bun on
a burger
DON’T
mention everything
Students Who Are Proficient in a Foreign Language
In India, for example, around 68 percent of female students are
proficient in a foreign language compared to only around 55
percent of males. Similarly, around 65 percent of Romanian
females can speak another language while only about 42 percent
of males can. Likewise, in Vietnam, Russian and China, more girls
are proficient in a second language than boys.
DON’T
mention everything
describe the bars
Students Who Are Proficient in a Foreign Language
In India, for example, around 68 percent of female students are
proficient in a foreign language compared to only around 55
percent of males. Similarly, around 65 percent of Romanian
females can speak another language while only about 42 percent
of males can. Likewise, in Vietnam, Russian and China, more girls
are proficient in a second language than boys.
DON’T
mention everything
describe the bars
start sentences with
numbers
Students Who Are Proficient in a Foreign Language
In India, for example, around 68 percent of female students are
proficient in a foreign language compared to only around 55
percent of males. Similarly, around 65 percent of Romanian
females can speak another language while only about 42 percent
of males can. Likewise, in Vietnam, Russian and China, more girls
are proficient in a second language than boys.
Students Who Are Proficient in a Foreign Language
In India, for example, around 68 percent of female students are
proficient in a foreign language compared to only around 55
percent of males. Similarly, around 65 percent of Romanian
females can speak another language while only about 42 percent
of males can. Likewise, in Vietnam, Russian and China, more girls
are proficient in a second language than boys.
Explicit


Comparison
Making sure your point is clear
7.
We use bar charts to
compare sets of data
we use bar charts to compare
sets of data
implicit comparison
Approximately 65 percent of women speak a foreign language.


Around 45 percent of men speak a foreign language.
explicit comparison
Approximately 65 percent of women speak a foreign language
but only around 45 percent of men speak one.
use appropriate language to
help make your comparisons
more explicit
Review

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Integrated graphics bar charts in technical writing