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E book 2 -2014 dated 13 january 2014
From a blog dedicated to provide Strategic Insights for
Telcos and CSP's
Table of Contents
About
I

Sadiq Malik ( Telco Strategist )
Telco M/A Reloaded : the anatomy of a good deal !!!

2

Scenario Planning : Alternative futures for Telcos !!

3

MVNO Africa Industry Summit 2013 : The Chairman’s
perspective !!

4

IPX and LTE Roaming : A Telco Wholesale Opportunity !!

5

The Diameter Storm in LTE : GET READY OR ELSE !!

6

White Space : Digital Ecosystems in the New Mobile Web !!

1
About

Sadiq Malik is Principal Consultant at Broadband Gurus Network which provides a portfolio
of consultancy services to address the ongoing business challenges faced by organisations
throughout the telecoms value chain.
Broadband Gurus Network , a think tank that is focused on helping Telcos and Government
Regulators on how best to monetize broadband in the pursuit of bridging the Digital Divide in
Developing countries.
At Informa Telecoms Media’s Middle East & Africa region Sadiq spearheaded the design and
delivery of consultancy packages to help telcos and CSPs succeed in a fast evolving market
landscape with alternative business models . At BCT Global, Sadiq led the formation of the
telco services division where he secured contracts concerning a range of innovative services in
the broadband arena.
As strategic projects consultant for Motorola, he initiated projects with a long-term impact on
the company’s intellectual and brand competitiveness such as the establishment of Africa’s first
cellular training centre.
Sadiq has managed several key projects for Telcos / CSP’s including: LTE Business Planning;
Fixed Mobile Operator Consolidation assessment; monetising VAS strategic planning and
Smart Cities Evolution (technical and commercial planning).
Sadiq is speaker at telco conferences and conducts CxO workshops for CSP’s in Malaysia ,
Dubai, Cairo and Johanesburg. Some of the workshop themes : Convergent Billing , Hybrid
Broadband Architectures , IPTV Commercial strategies , 3G LTE and Wimax Technical and
commercial aspects , Telco 2 business models , Mobile network optimisation and Capacity
planning , Business case build up Mobile TV etc.
In the last 5 years he has trained over 1000 managers from the Telco industry in MEA and Far
East.

2
1 : Telco M/A Reloaded : the anatomy of a good deal !!!
by sjm786

Mergers and acquisitions have been a
mainstay of the telecom industry for many years. In the past decade, the telecom industry has
spent an astounding USD 1.5 trillion + on M&A activities, investments that have transformed
the industry landscape into the competitive playing field we see today. McKinsey reckon that
over 80 percent of aggregate deal value has focused on core telecom services and spectrum
license market segments, with the remainder targeted toward adjacent markets such as
infrastructure, connectivity providers, multimedia and financial services.The twin requirements
of nonstop technological advances and ever more capital to pay for them produce an
inherently dynamic marketplace that will keep the telecoms industry at the forefront of M&A
action around the globe.
Wealthy telcos from Middle East and China are on the prowl for well-priced targets both
within and outside of their home markets, and in general strategic operators will outbid
private equity players for attractive targets. The continued tension between growth in allied
fields (for example, telecom operators acquiring cable TV companies or application
providers) versus specialisation in one subsector (telecom operators spinning off cell towers)
will also serve as kindling for M&A activity throughout the sector.Vodafone agreed to pay 7.7
billion euros for Kabel Deutschland, the country’s largest cable company, because it combines
phone, Web and TV services to increase customer loyalty and stabilize prices.
In one of the largest M&A deals this year was Telfonica’s agreed to buy the E-Plus German
wireless unit of Royal KPN NV (KPN) in a cash-and-stock deal valuing the unit at 8.1 billion
euros ($10.7 billion) to become the country’s biggest mobile-phone operator by customers. The
Dutch phone company will get 5 billion euros in cash and a 17.6 percent stake in the
combination of E-Plus and Telefonica Deutschland Holding AG (O2D), the Spanish carrier’s
German unit, which uses the O2 brand. As the EU commissioner in charge of the digital
agenda, pushes reform in favor of a single European telecommunications market, carriers have
3
become more emboldened to pursue deals. They are seeking to share expenses to build socalled fourth-generation networks to cope with rising demand for faster data connections
An analysis of the transactional rationale of the Telefonica deal provides valuable insights into
the main elements for considerations of “ best of breed “ Telco M&A deal meaning covering
the financial and non financial bases. Ofcourse there is no substitute for old-fashioned focus on
the fundamentals of M&A: a clearly articulated and well thought-out strategic rationale for
the acquisition becomes the yardstick by which to measure individual decisions that arise
during the course of a transaction. Without one, decisions are made that end up being costly
and inconsistent with the ultimate strategy chosen – or worse, require divestment of the entire
acquisition years later as a ‘bad deal’.
First Telefonica’s desire to create a Digital Telco Titan : become a leading player with a
combined customer base of 43m, 42% in postpaid and derive strong scale benefits with
combined mobile revenue market share of 32% . O2 and E-Plus’s combined customer base at
the end of March would leapfrog Vodafone’s 32.4 million and Deutsche Telekom’s 37 million,
according to data compiled by Bloomberg Industries. Germany has become the hottest
battleground for telecommunications assets in Europe as demand for video and music
delivered wirelessly and over the Internet increases, while voice revenue declines.
Second motivation was value crystallization through significant synergies. Telefonica is
targeting NPV of synergies of €5.0–5.5bn, net of integration costs with projected Net savings
from year 2 and Annual run-rate synergies of approx. €800 m; 75% of run-rate synergies by
year 4. The deal will result in cost savings and revenue “synergies” of around 5 billion euros.
Telfonica identified achievable synergies by rationalisation of distribution network ; increased
efficiency in customer service costs leveraging best practices and scale ; better channel
management and reduced overheads ; focused rollout on one common nationwide LTE network
and improved quality from 3G network consolidation ; backbone, backhaul and core network
consolidation, with reduced OpEx from network integration (rentals, power, maintenance,
transport costs, overheads) ; site consolidation and rationalisation via reduction of around
14,000 sites ; increased efficiency by leveraging scalable transmission agreement with
Deutsche Telekom and reduced SG&A expenses by process rationalisation and a focus on
become a more lean agile organisation.
Third motivation Telefonica wants a single LTE network to provide what they call the Best
Mobile broadband experience. Key factors included giving customers to benefit from the best
high speed mobile and fixed experience from a single LTE network and access to future-proof
DT NGA network ; Tariff innovation, voice & mobile data bundling ; Strong multi-brand
portfolio across segments ; Offering ICT / cloud solutions for business customers ; extensive
distribution channel and outstanding customer service ;Leverage convergence through crossselling / up-selling opportunities as well as profiting from digital innovation and scale from
Telefónica’s global capabilities ( data centres , portfolio of OTT services and partnerships ) .
Final motivation was value Creation for Telefónica Deutschland Shareholders . Here they were
looking for enhanced financial flexibility (improving leverage) while maintaining an attractive
shareholder remuneration ; maintaining conservative pro forma balance sheet with a
projected EPS and FCF accretive from first year of full operation. In addition the M&A was all
4
about investing in future growth while reinforcing geographical diversification, increasing
exposure to an attractive market with a positive impact on Telefónica’s cash flow generation
profile.
Telfonica opted for the “ Financing Without Increasing Leverage “ motto meaning the deal is
very positive for Telefonica from a business perspective while it doesn’t affect its debt
position. They have a Rights Issue in enlarged Telefónica Deutschland of €3.70bn. Telefónica
subscribes prorate to its stake of 76.8%, €2.84bn + €1.30bn to KPN for 7.3% stake in the
enlarged Telefónica Deutschland. Required total financing of €4.14bn is structured as 50-65%
Hybrid, 100% equity under IFRS/ 50% equity for credit rating agencies and 20-30%
Mandatory Convertible. Their objective is weighting around 2x incremental OIBDA, excluding
synergies ; with Net debt/ratio preserved in short term for neutral to positive impact but
keeping strong liquidity to maintain 24 months maturities for FCF generation till deal
completion. Economic KPIs and cash flows must be consistent with real value creation. There is
no place for speculation, particularly in these variable markets where sources of capital are
skeptical, margins becoming tighter, and the consequences of missing forecasts are more
direct.
As the folks at Ey rightly point out that a fanatical focus on due diligence of all aspects of the
target’s business and complete regulatory and market landscape is indispensable when there
is so much money at stake . There is no substitute for old-fashioned focus on the fundamentals
of M/A: a clearly articulated and well thought-out strategic rationale for the acquisition
becomes the yardstick by which to measure individual decisions that arise during the course of
a transaction. Without one, decisions are made that end up being costly and inconsistent with
the ultimate strategy chosen – or worse, require divestment of the entire acquisition years later
as a ‘bad deal ‘.
Proactive Telcos clarify their M/A approach, organization and the way they source deals
globally, and work closely with investor relations to ensure they have the right story to tell the
capital markets—especially if they aggressively pursue new adjacent areas that have
different value creation profiles or emerging market economies with majority low ARPU
subscribers .

Sadiq Malik ( Telco Strategist )

5
2 : Scenario Planning : Alternative futures for Telcos !!
by sjm786

Scenario planning, is a strategic
planning method to devise flexible long-term plans. It is in large part an adaptation of classic
methods used by military intelligence : WAR GAMES. At Royal Dutch/Shell it was viewed as
changing mindsets about the exogenous part of the world, prior to formulating specific
strategies. Scenarios provide a mature insightful way to lay out alternative futures to
challenge cherished but perhaps irrelevant assumptions on the future of the high capex volatile
industries like Oil and Telcos.
The aim of scenario planning is not to identify one specific future, but to explore possible
futures and to identify the mechanisms that drive the future in a particular direction. Scenariobased strategic planning achieves its cognitive effects through a structured, tool-based
approach .Which brings us to envisioning some simple yet plausible scenarios for the Telco
Industry !!
Scenario 1: The technology future
In this scenario Telcos obtain a competitive advantage by developing / delivering new
proprietary technologies. At the same time customers’ buying decisions are mainly influenced
by the technological characteristics of the innovations. And consumers have become technology
savvy and technology addicts. Under these circumstances, the most relevant strategy for telcos
is to invent new technologies and push them to the market.
In the long run this scenario may mean the disappearance of fixed networks as the leading
technology for transporting voice and data. Even if physical networks remain, in this scenario
they will play a minor role. They are what roads are to transport: they need to be there, they
need to be maintained, but apart from that nobody really cares. The customer is interested
more in cars ( Smartphones ), than in the type of asphalt ( LTE 4G ) he drives on.
6
For example Google is highly innovative, only distributes services online and has completely
disrupted existing business models, putting pressure on such diverse industries as traditional
software, newspapers and publishers. In the technology world, telecom companies that are
disruptive innovators will do to the current telecom industry what Google has done to
software. They will redefine existing industry boundaries completely, based on technology.
Scenario 2: The commodity future
In this scenario there are no distinctive technologies that give telcos a competitive edge.
Instead, there are a number of standard technologies offered by vendors. Consumers
recognize that technological change is incremental : they are all very much aware of the
standards that exist and have a pretty good idea about what they want. They do not need to
go to a store to check the hardware, but just order it online. Telcos will have to offer the
technologies and the connected services in a convenient and efficient way.
Gaining economies of scale to serve mass markets cheaply is the key to company survival
here. The role of the Telco is best described as a standard direct packager: it takes standard
technology and services from other companies, then packages them and offers them on the
web with little thinking about product differentiation.
For example Dell does not innovate its technology, but buys components from vendors. Next it
ties those components together and ships the resulting product fast and cheaply to the
consumer. It is a completely online business model. As most people now have an understanding
of what they want from a pc or laptop, or they have a smart cousin who can help them
articulate their wishes, there is no need for a store with staff explaining what the basic choices
are.
Scenario 3: The customised future
In this world each segment has its own demands in terms of products and services and how
these are to be delivered. R&D focuses on serving this diversity of market segments. Telcos will
follow a demand pull strategy in developing innovations. They will listen to the market,
identify the needs of different consumer groups and innovate around this need. This may lead
to different versions of products and services being offered in the market or to entirely
different technologies being developed for different segments.
The role of the Telco is that of a market driven innovator which may lead in two directions. The
first one is reactive: creating innovations based on a profound understanding of consumer
needs. The other road is more proactive: creating innovations that create new market
segments that other telecom companies have not yet thought of.
For example Apple innovates based on superior understanding of what consumers like. In
doing so they deliver superior technology to existing markets (the iPod that replaced other
MP3 players), but they also create new market segments by supporting online communities.
Their approach is decidedly multichannel with much online business, but also investments in
Apple stores and resellers.
7
Scenario 4: The segmented world
In the segmented world, telcos source innovation from vendors and package those standard
technologies for specific market segments. In many ways this scenario is closest to the current
strategies of most traditional telecom incumbents. They have decreased their investment in
innovation and have embarked on a multichannel strategy. In the segmented world technology
and content sourced from vendors need to be integrated and they need to be matched with
the diverse market segments that exist.
The company that is best able to connect the trinity of technology, content and segment will be
able to reap superior profits. However, a critique on this strategy is that it tries to be
everything for everyone. There is little focus on either specific technologies or segments. The
risk that niche players enter into the most profitable segments may be high. Have Telcos ever
considered the nightmare scenario when Apple and Amazon offer handsets plus e-SIMs.
Contracts and billing could be handled via iTunes or Amazon accounts. The telco would thus
become anonymous, a mere wholesaler of network capacity with no end-customer relationship
of its own.
Traditional strategy tools are designed for stable market environments, but fail predictably
when applied to innovation under conditions of uncertainty and rapid change, which
characterizes today’s telecom market. Telcos can no longer afford the luxury of sluggishness,
strategic inertia or blind spots.The good news is that various scenarios show an abundance of
opportunities for Telcos.
The mobile industry is undergoing a dramatic rethinking of business foundations and
supporting technologies. In many ways, technologies such as cloud, software-defined
networking and 5G result in a “software is eating the network” end game. This in turn will
promote opportunities that are much larger than just selling voice and data access meaning
digital commerce, advertising, energy services, smart home , e-health ,M2M , Connected Car ,
Big Data , IoT etc .
It is for the Telcos to adapt , improvise , transform to profit from these opportunities ….lest
Telco CxO’s forget what the 6 th century Sage said……… ” Plants are born tender and
pliant; dead, they are brittle and dry ….and the same for men “ Lao Tzu
Sadiq Malik ( Telco Strategist )

8
3 : MVNO Africa Industry Summit 2013 : The Chairman’s
perspective !!
by sjm786

The MVNO Africa Congress in
Cape Town was extremely interesting despite the fact that Mobile virtual network operators in
Africa are yet to achieve real success. According to Informa Research there are around three
million active SIM cards on MVNO networks across the continent, with that number expected to
increase to 3.6 million by the end of 2013 and 14 million by the end of 2018.Hardly
encouraging !!
The international speakers really stole the show with their stimulating presentations. Sprint USA
‘’ largest wholesale carrier hosting MVNOs lauded the benefits of partnering with other
brands. Sprint hosts 110 of the country’s 123 MVNOs and accounts for 8.2 million of its
subscribers. Some of the motivations cited for mobile network operators to partner with
MVNOs were pre-empting regulatory requirements, selling excess network capacity and
addressing additional markets.Infact Sprint has formalised evaluation protocols and raft of
support services to on board MVNO’s and ensure their success. An enlightened win win
relationship based on trust and sincerity is Sprint’s “ Leit motif “
Vodafone International Services (VIS) surprised us that they have built a ‘mobile virtual
network operator (MVNO) business in a box’ package to offer to clients interested in building
a MVNO.VIS, part of the Vodafone Group and based in Cairo, provides a host of services
including customer care centres and value added services (VAS) to Vodafone’s own networks
as well as other players in the telecom and technology industry. They have created a model,
backed by our experience as a MNO, of a MVNO business in a box . They have offerings for
national and no frills markets, retailers, the corporate segment and niche players.
France Telecom Orange were less enthusiasticabout their MVNO prospects in South Africa.
They insisted that without favorable regulation for MVNOs they will not launch an MVNO .
9
Any investment in customer acquisition will tank if the wholesale price is higher than the retail
price. Any wholesale rate agreement must have protections against price cutting by the host
network so the agreement should incorporate an element of retail minus pricing so that the
effective wholesale rate is the lower of the agreed rate or the host’s retail rate minus x%. This
ensures the host network cannot reduce their own customer facing prices below the negotiated
prices with the MVNO. Orange is adamant that formalised MVNO regulatory regime will
encourage companies to launch in South Africa and ultimately improve competition.
Globally the combination of an increasingly favourable regulatory environment and market
maturity has led to a significant growth in MVNOs. Despite the improving environment and the
more favourable wholesale terms being offered by networks the list of failed MVNOs
continues to grow, demonstrating that creating a viable MVNO remains challenging. The main
challenge for an MVNO is no different to any other business and that is to have some form of
competitive advantage, a source of differentiation. This is most effectively achieved when the
business can leverage existing assets such as existing customers, brand, distribution, content or
infrastructure. The greatest challenge is securing a network deal at a wholesale rate which
allows the MVNO to create value for shareholders. The chances of negotiating a good deal
are significantly enhanced if the underlying business proposition is strong. The chances of
successfully securing a network deal are increased if the target host network is selected with
care and the MVNO’s network architecture is carefully matched to the business needs.
The best case study by far was presented Poste Mobile Italy ( division of the Italian Post
Office ). Mobile communications in Italy is one of the most lucrative, but also the most
saturated, marketplaces in the world. In addition, although virtual operators have existed for
several years in Europe and the United States, only a few countries have seen MVNOs
capture a significant share of the market. Therefore, Poste Italiane saw the success of this new
initiative resting on several key factors. The company needed to provide differentiated,
innovative services through its mobile offering. It also had to move rapidly through the
planning and launch phases in a cost-effective way, putting in place a completely new
organization in a very short time frame.
The right technology platform had to be created that could enable the company’s 13,800
existing postal offices to act as the PosteMobile retail network. At the same time, the
integration of existing postal offices went beyond technology—it also required significant
organizational change management skills and a large training effort. Post Mobile worked with
an MVNE who provided the support for the core elements needed to launch and operate the
new MVNO.These included:
• Business support system (BSS) functions such as customer relationship management, billing,
dealer portal and data warehouse
• Network elements, including IN Service Control Point and GGSN (GPRS Gateway Support
Node)
• Service delivery platform, including a mobile portal to enable SIM-based value added
services
PosteMobile’s market leading services allow customers to conduct a variety of financial and
communications activities easily, securely and inexpensively. Customers can check their
10
PosteMobile accounts, make money transfers and pay bills through the easy to use SIM menu.
They can refill their accounts easily, and can monitor the movement of funds in both the
PosteMobile prepaid card and Poste Italiane accounts. PosteMobile and Poste Italiane have
achieved important business results that are propelling them toward high performance. In the
first month of operation as a startup company, PosteMobile attracted 100,000 subscribers
and now has over 4 million subscribers—making it the largest virtual mobile network operator
in Italy.
Post Mobile Italia is a classic : leveraging their existing customer base and loyalty they built
their own billing system and combined mobile payments and VAS into a devastating MVNO
success. Poste Italiane has revolutionized the offerings of the traditional postal industry and set
new terms of competition. The company can now provide customers with new, highly attractive
mobile services by integrating and making its traditional offerings (national post office
network, bank and certification authority) accessible through any mobile handset incl NFC
believe it or not ! Viva l’Italia !!

Sadiq Malik ( Telco Strategist )

4 : IPX and LTE Roaming : A Telco Wholesale Opportunity !!
by sjm786

Recent months have seen an
increasing number of wholesale telecoms operators and other companies enter the market with
inter-carrier IP exchange (IPX) services. Several developments will drive the long-term demand
for IPX services, including the launch of 4G networks based on LTE, the growing demand
among VoIP service providers for high-quality transit and termination, and the ability of IPX to
support new services, including videoconferencing and HD voice. By providing hub-based
interconnection to telecoms operators, content providers and other companies, IPX service
providers aim to offer a private international network for exchanging both IP and legacy
traffic that is separate from the public Internet. As much as 25% of the wholesale value of
11
traffic flowing over IPX networks is expected to be generated by new and value added
services, with LTE interoperability, roaming and voice services set to be strong drivers for
growth, according to telecoms analyst house, Innovation Observatory.
IP exchange (IPX) is a telecommunications interconnection model for the exchange of IP based
traffic between customers of separate mobile and fixed operators as well as other types of
service provider (such as ISP), via IP based Network-to-Network Interface.The intent of IPX is
to provide interoperability of IP-based services between all service provider types within a
commercial framework that enables all parties in the value chain to receive a commercial
return. The commercial relationships are underpinned with service level agreements which
guarantee performance, quality and security.
French operator group Orange’s wholesale division has expanded its IPX (IP exchange) with a
Diameter signalling offering allowing customers to introduce LTE roaming across Europe, the
Americas and Asia.The operator said that it has an ambitious program in place to extend it’s
LTE Signalling capability through direct connectivity and peering agreements. According to the
operator the Diameter-based LTE signalling service enables operators to provide end users
with improved QoE on 4G networks while roaming outside their home country.The Telenor
Global IPX enables operators and partners to be connected through one IP connection. The
IPX interconnect solution allows for an optimized, flexible, secure connection and guaranteed
Quality of Service (QoS) for voice and mobile services. This is an important shift to improving
Global Roaming Quality for the end customer. The Telenor Global IPX Service is provided
over the IPX Compliant MPLS/IP Network and includes the basic framework designed by the
GSMA which incorporates four main principles:
• Premium quality
• Secure environment
• Flexible for all services
• Cascading payments
To establish LTE data roaming worldwide, two architectural issues need to be addressed. First,
it’s not that easy for an LTE operator by itself to complete interconnectivity with its global
roaming destinations. Instead of current GRX and bilateral TDM links, roaming between
LTE/EPC networks requires an efficient international exchange mechanism to integrate all the
IP-based services originated in EPC/IMS and to interconnect them among numerous LTE
operators worldwide. Besides, the existing GRX defines only best-effort IP transport, a QoS
guarantee scheme between visited and home networks is required to let LTE subscribers enjoy
international services with the same quality as domestic services.
Telstra Global is developing its capability to become a leading IPX provider in Asia-Pacific on
a base of service flexibility for LTE roaming and service-aware traffic management. Telstra
Global’s IPX strategy for LTE roaming borrows lessons from the cloud by offering its customers
the ability to burst traffic in peak times. Telstra Global is also supporting the dynamic
allocation of classes of service (CoS) to address the increased requirements of the contentand applications-based traffic expected to flow over next-generation networks. Telstra
Global sees basic LTE data roaming as just the beginning of its IPX ambitions
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Second, instead of the legacy SS7 MAP in GPRS roaming, roaming signaling in LTE/EPC uses
Diameter on IP to exchange subscribers’ authentication and location update between visited
and home networks. Diameter is the Authentication, Authorization and Accounting (AAA)
protocol succeeding to RADIUS. Unfortunately, interoperability of Diameter technology hasn’t
yet reached full maturity. Actually, different vendors’ EPC nodes sometimes can’t successfully
communicate to each other due to different implementations of Diameter signaling despite
3GPP standards.
Spectrum fragmentation is the big elephant in LTE roaming room .3GPP identifies more than
20 LTE Frequency Division Duplex (FDD) frequency bands and more than 10 LTE Time Division
Duplex (TDD) frequency bands. According to Analysts, LTE operators have committed to launch
in at least 13 bands, and with as many as 10 bands being proposed in a single region. It
increases the cost for LTE operators to provide global roaming coverage with multiple bands,
as well as for manufacturers to develop roaming-compatible handsets.
To solve this problem, the industry has to seek a set of common bands for international
roaming or has to wait for a handset that supports a sufficient amount of frequency bands.
Whereas the currently popular bands (800MHz, 1.8GHz and 2.6GHz) are likely to be
applied for international LTE roaming for the time being, a global consensus on common bands
for international roaming is necessary for sustainable growth of LTE and its roaming.Despite
the spectrum problem, a lot of MNOs, IPX providers, and vendors are preparing and testing
LTE roaming now. Therefore, international LTE roaming will certainly expand particularly in the
popular frequency bands. Thus, international LTE roaming on IPX embodies interconnectivity of
IP-based telecommunication services among LTE/EPC ecosystems and reflects the beginning of
new experience on global coverage of high speed mobile computing.
Recently SAP AG announced an IPX peering agreement with Etisalat UAE, the largest telecom
operator in the Middle East and Africa, to deliver LTE roaming traffic to all mobile operators.
This strategic LTE roaming and diameter peering agreement will help Etisalat operator
companies to interconnect with SAP Mobile Services’ strong IPX customer community and launch
LTE roaming quickly.

Sadiq Malik ( Telco Strategist

5 : The Diameter Storm in LTE : GET READY OR ELSE !!
13
by sjm786

As 4G networks expand and
customer adoption increases, the wireless industry faces a new “signaling storm” – this one
related to core network signaling using the Diameter protocol. With the migration to 3G, LTEand IMS-based networks, the need to manage the growth in Diameter signaling has become
critical to optimize the network and ease congestion in real time. Operators are addressing
concerns about data capacity by migrating to LTE, offloading traffic to Wi-Fi, and deploying
small cells. However, the impact of network signaling has gone largely unreported.
So what is Diameter ?? Diameter is an authentication, authorization, and accounting protocol
for computer networks. It evolved from and replaces the much less capable RADIUS protocol
that preceded it. Diameter and SIP are the protocols in LTE networks that replace SS7, which is
used in 3G networks. SIP is the call control protocol used to establish voice, messaging, and
multimedia communication sessions. Diameter is used to exchange subscriber profile
information and for authentication, charging, QoS, and mobility between network
elements.The Diameter protocol was originally envisioned to handle things like charging or
simple policy control but was expanded to take on a much broader set of responsibilities such
as :
# Registration, authorization, and authentication
# QoS/bandwidth-based admission control
# Charging
# Location
Why the storm in the LTE cauldron ? LTE networks are characterized by more boxes and
increasing complexity. This means that even more signaling is required for these boxes to
communicate with each other. Carriers often deal with signaling at the level of individual
network elements rather that at the network level. That breeds inefficiency and far too many
point-to-point connections. As the signaling load grows, the resulting “n-squared” increase in
core signaling traffic can quickly overwhelm nodes in the network. In January 2012 NTT
14
DoCoMo networks suffered a 4 hour network outage due to an abnormal spike in signalling
traffic. One recent network outage prompted the operator to ask Google to reduce the
amount of signalling from Android devices.
According to Acme Packet, by 2015, 44,000 Diameter transactions per second (TPS) will occur
for every one million subscribers. For a moderately sized LTE deployment of five million
subscribers, a mobile service provider will need to process between 220,000 and one million
Diameter transactions per second. Online charging is the largest area of growth for Diameter
signaling MPS as service providers migrate their charging networks to all IP-based
architectures — forecast to increase from nearly 18,000 MPS to nearly 14 million MPS by
2016, for a CAGR of 280 percent. Subscriber authentication will generate 5.4 billion
messages in 2016. Social networking activity is forecasted to spike from about 155 million
Diameter messages in 2011 to 17 billion in 2016. VoLTE and video streaming will sharply
increase Diameter signaling with about 36 billion and 30 billion Diameter messages,
respectively, in 2016 — generating high amounts of Diameter signaling due to Quality of
Service (QoS) requirements. Policy has the largest impact on total Diameter signaling traffic
with nearly 24 million MPS crossing LTE networks by 2016 in support of policy use cases —a
CAGR of 269 percent over the 2011-2016 period — based on the growth of sophisticated
data plans, personalized services, and over-the-top (OTT) and advertising models
All of the resulting signaling will result in network outages because the servers involved in
processing various AAA, QoS, or charging functions are not equipped to deal with spikes in
volume. As proven during Hurricane Sandy and other natural disasters, congestion of the core
signaling network is a key concern operators have to address when friends and families flood
lines in search of loved ones. When the core fails, nothing works, therefore making the core
becomes a critical component in the network. Geographic redundancy and traffic control is
paramount to a robust signaling network that can survive any crisis.
It’s time for operators to adopt strategies that allow them to manage traffic growth and
mitigate the impact of Apps and connected devices on network signalling. Regulation of
applications that require frequent updates may serve to ease signaling traffic to some extent,
but it could stifle the popularity of the Apps that have become so appealing to mobile
subscribers. Unlike the ongoing 3G signaling storm which is being created by smartphonebased applications and social networking services, the Diameter signaling phenomenon can
also have positive implications in the form of new revenue-generating opportunities.

Sadiq Malik ( Telco Strategist )

15
6 : White Space : Digital Ecosystems in the New Mobile Web
!!
by sjm786

The Telco 2.0 Initiative
Gurus believe that the emergence of the New Mobile Web is creating a white space for
operators seeking to (re)build their role in the digital marketplace. The New Mobile Web is a
term used to describe the transformed mobile Web experience achieved through advances in
technology; HTLM5, faster, cheaper (4G) connectivity, better mobile devices. The New Mobile
Web will lead to a shift away from native (Apple & Android) app ecosystems to browserbased consumption of media and services. Web RTC is a technology that promises to bring
voice and video into the web browser. At the same time, it offers an excellent opportunity for
Telcos to innovate by extending telecom services into the open web and freeing voice from
closed telecom networks.
Lured by the promise of attracting higher-ARPU smartphone users, Telcos have worked hard to
flood the market with smartphones at a wide range of price points. This strategy served the
short-term goal of boosting the connectivity business, but may have jeopardized the long-term
competitiveness of the service business by surrendering the customer ownership associated with
authentication, user identity management and billing services. As the basis of competition
changes to “choice and flexibility”, vertical integration (ie : notion of all-in-one telco spanning
network operations, telephony, messaging, data access, user identity management,
authentication and billing, as well as distribution and retail ) has lost its competitive lustre. The
lack of flexibility inherent to vertical integration explains why Telcos lost out to smartphone
and Internet platforms in the areas of location services, authentication, single sign on, user
identity, and billing.
16
Although many Telcos believe that they urgently need to build strong digital businesses, most
are struggling to do so. Creating a Digital Telco means looking beyond traditional telco
business models in the context of the changing telecom value network.The challenge for Telcos
isn’t that OTT companies outspend or “ out imagine “ them in digital innovation. It’s that
marginal cost analysis steers Telcos towards investments in capabilities that were relevant in
the old basis of competition, rather than toward developing new capabilities relevant for the
new basis of competition. For example marginal cost analysis makes RCS (e ,5) backboned on
IMS is an attractive choice for new presence and messaging services designed according to
traditional telco service models. However, according to the new basis for competition, the
scalability and interoperability offered by IMS are less important than flexibility. Telcos could
be better off investing in new, more flexible infrastructure better suited for experimentation
with new services, use cases and business models. As such the focus of Web RTC innovation
should be on building developer ecosystems for voice services, discovery of new use cases and
experimentation with new business models, and not on technology. If Telcos won’t do this,
competitors will
Opportunities in digital content fall into two broad categories: production and distribution. In
IBM’s opinion, content production offers little potential for telecom providers; most operators
will do better by partnering with content providers than by attempting to produce content
themselves. However, they can also play a role in facilitating the trend toward user generated
content by enabling consumers to enhance their own content with a range of telecom
capabilities, including location, presence and interactive services. To defend and grow their
share of the digital content market, Telcos will ultimately have to make a substantial
organizational, cultural, technological, operational and business model transformation as they
transition from providing network connectivity to enabling the consumer’s digital experience.
With the transition to Internet Protocol (IP) and the proliferation of content distribution
platforms, consumers increasingly want choice, flexibility and control over the multi media multi
screen experience. Telecom operators can draw on their unique skills and capabilities to
capitalize on this trend and distinguish themselves from rival platform providers.
Vision Mobile states that Telcos must move their innovation focus from technologies (be it
HTML5, NFC, IMS, VoLTE, M2M or RCS-e) to ecosystems. Ecosystems are much better at
delivering choice and flexibility.Ecosystem economics are driven by network effects and lockin. iPhone apps attract Apple users, who in turn attract more developers, who make more
apps, which attract even more users, and so on. This network effect between developers and
users drives the explosive growth of the iOS platform. Lock-in creates natural “walled
gardens,” as users develop habits around apps, while developers are locked-in by high
switching costs created by their investments into the platform. A platform business model is
about leveraging an operator’s underutilised, walled network assets, taking a cut from the
delivery of innovative services, in the same way that Apple takes a cut from the delivery of
mobile apps or Facebook takes a cut out of ad delivery.
Over the longer term, Telcos can look for ways to build parallel ecosystems, using lessons from
the ecosystem economics textbook. M2M holds the potential to create a vibrant ecosystem of
users and solution providers, thereby establishing strong network effects and lock-in. Telcos
can become the central force in this emerging ecosystem if they learn to engineer the
ecosystems to their advantage. By looking at M2M through the lens of ecosystem economics,
17
operators will see opportunities that are much bigger than just selling modems and data
connections.
In the future, our communication will revolve around social media platforms, dominated by
Internet firms such as Apple, Facebook and others that do not even exist yet. The Google+
video telephony project launched in 2011 shows the way forward for integrated
communication environments that, building on a personal or organizational network, set up
telephony, messaging, mail, chat or video links at the click of a button : Hey …..Customers
don’t buy access, they buy service ecosystems !!

Sadiq Malik ( Telco Strategist )

Contacts
email 1: sadiq.malik@broadbandgurus.net
email 2 : maliksadiq13@gmail.com
mobile : + 27 84 6791327
skype : sadiqmalik1
web : www.broadbandgurus.net
Twitter : @sjm786
Linked In : za.linkedin.com/in/sadiqmaliksjm786/
Blog : www.maliksadiq13.wordpress.com

18

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Telco Global Connect 2

  • 1. E book 2 -2014 dated 13 january 2014 From a blog dedicated to provide Strategic Insights for Telcos and CSP's Table of Contents About I Sadiq Malik ( Telco Strategist ) Telco M/A Reloaded : the anatomy of a good deal !!! 2 Scenario Planning : Alternative futures for Telcos !! 3 MVNO Africa Industry Summit 2013 : The Chairman’s perspective !! 4 IPX and LTE Roaming : A Telco Wholesale Opportunity !! 5 The Diameter Storm in LTE : GET READY OR ELSE !! 6 White Space : Digital Ecosystems in the New Mobile Web !! 1
  • 2. About Sadiq Malik is Principal Consultant at Broadband Gurus Network which provides a portfolio of consultancy services to address the ongoing business challenges faced by organisations throughout the telecoms value chain. Broadband Gurus Network , a think tank that is focused on helping Telcos and Government Regulators on how best to monetize broadband in the pursuit of bridging the Digital Divide in Developing countries. At Informa Telecoms Media’s Middle East & Africa region Sadiq spearheaded the design and delivery of consultancy packages to help telcos and CSPs succeed in a fast evolving market landscape with alternative business models . At BCT Global, Sadiq led the formation of the telco services division where he secured contracts concerning a range of innovative services in the broadband arena. As strategic projects consultant for Motorola, he initiated projects with a long-term impact on the company’s intellectual and brand competitiveness such as the establishment of Africa’s first cellular training centre. Sadiq has managed several key projects for Telcos / CSP’s including: LTE Business Planning; Fixed Mobile Operator Consolidation assessment; monetising VAS strategic planning and Smart Cities Evolution (technical and commercial planning). Sadiq is speaker at telco conferences and conducts CxO workshops for CSP’s in Malaysia , Dubai, Cairo and Johanesburg. Some of the workshop themes : Convergent Billing , Hybrid Broadband Architectures , IPTV Commercial strategies , 3G LTE and Wimax Technical and commercial aspects , Telco 2 business models , Mobile network optimisation and Capacity planning , Business case build up Mobile TV etc. In the last 5 years he has trained over 1000 managers from the Telco industry in MEA and Far East. 2
  • 3. 1 : Telco M/A Reloaded : the anatomy of a good deal !!! by sjm786 Mergers and acquisitions have been a mainstay of the telecom industry for many years. In the past decade, the telecom industry has spent an astounding USD 1.5 trillion + on M&A activities, investments that have transformed the industry landscape into the competitive playing field we see today. McKinsey reckon that over 80 percent of aggregate deal value has focused on core telecom services and spectrum license market segments, with the remainder targeted toward adjacent markets such as infrastructure, connectivity providers, multimedia and financial services.The twin requirements of nonstop technological advances and ever more capital to pay for them produce an inherently dynamic marketplace that will keep the telecoms industry at the forefront of M&A action around the globe. Wealthy telcos from Middle East and China are on the prowl for well-priced targets both within and outside of their home markets, and in general strategic operators will outbid private equity players for attractive targets. The continued tension between growth in allied fields (for example, telecom operators acquiring cable TV companies or application providers) versus specialisation in one subsector (telecom operators spinning off cell towers) will also serve as kindling for M&A activity throughout the sector.Vodafone agreed to pay 7.7 billion euros for Kabel Deutschland, the country’s largest cable company, because it combines phone, Web and TV services to increase customer loyalty and stabilize prices. In one of the largest M&A deals this year was Telfonica’s agreed to buy the E-Plus German wireless unit of Royal KPN NV (KPN) in a cash-and-stock deal valuing the unit at 8.1 billion euros ($10.7 billion) to become the country’s biggest mobile-phone operator by customers. The Dutch phone company will get 5 billion euros in cash and a 17.6 percent stake in the combination of E-Plus and Telefonica Deutschland Holding AG (O2D), the Spanish carrier’s German unit, which uses the O2 brand. As the EU commissioner in charge of the digital agenda, pushes reform in favor of a single European telecommunications market, carriers have 3
  • 4. become more emboldened to pursue deals. They are seeking to share expenses to build socalled fourth-generation networks to cope with rising demand for faster data connections An analysis of the transactional rationale of the Telefonica deal provides valuable insights into the main elements for considerations of “ best of breed “ Telco M&A deal meaning covering the financial and non financial bases. Ofcourse there is no substitute for old-fashioned focus on the fundamentals of M&A: a clearly articulated and well thought-out strategic rationale for the acquisition becomes the yardstick by which to measure individual decisions that arise during the course of a transaction. Without one, decisions are made that end up being costly and inconsistent with the ultimate strategy chosen – or worse, require divestment of the entire acquisition years later as a ‘bad deal’. First Telefonica’s desire to create a Digital Telco Titan : become a leading player with a combined customer base of 43m, 42% in postpaid and derive strong scale benefits with combined mobile revenue market share of 32% . O2 and E-Plus’s combined customer base at the end of March would leapfrog Vodafone’s 32.4 million and Deutsche Telekom’s 37 million, according to data compiled by Bloomberg Industries. Germany has become the hottest battleground for telecommunications assets in Europe as demand for video and music delivered wirelessly and over the Internet increases, while voice revenue declines. Second motivation was value crystallization through significant synergies. Telefonica is targeting NPV of synergies of €5.0–5.5bn, net of integration costs with projected Net savings from year 2 and Annual run-rate synergies of approx. €800 m; 75% of run-rate synergies by year 4. The deal will result in cost savings and revenue “synergies” of around 5 billion euros. Telfonica identified achievable synergies by rationalisation of distribution network ; increased efficiency in customer service costs leveraging best practices and scale ; better channel management and reduced overheads ; focused rollout on one common nationwide LTE network and improved quality from 3G network consolidation ; backbone, backhaul and core network consolidation, with reduced OpEx from network integration (rentals, power, maintenance, transport costs, overheads) ; site consolidation and rationalisation via reduction of around 14,000 sites ; increased efficiency by leveraging scalable transmission agreement with Deutsche Telekom and reduced SG&A expenses by process rationalisation and a focus on become a more lean agile organisation. Third motivation Telefonica wants a single LTE network to provide what they call the Best Mobile broadband experience. Key factors included giving customers to benefit from the best high speed mobile and fixed experience from a single LTE network and access to future-proof DT NGA network ; Tariff innovation, voice & mobile data bundling ; Strong multi-brand portfolio across segments ; Offering ICT / cloud solutions for business customers ; extensive distribution channel and outstanding customer service ;Leverage convergence through crossselling / up-selling opportunities as well as profiting from digital innovation and scale from Telefónica’s global capabilities ( data centres , portfolio of OTT services and partnerships ) . Final motivation was value Creation for Telefónica Deutschland Shareholders . Here they were looking for enhanced financial flexibility (improving leverage) while maintaining an attractive shareholder remuneration ; maintaining conservative pro forma balance sheet with a projected EPS and FCF accretive from first year of full operation. In addition the M&A was all 4
  • 5. about investing in future growth while reinforcing geographical diversification, increasing exposure to an attractive market with a positive impact on Telefónica’s cash flow generation profile. Telfonica opted for the “ Financing Without Increasing Leverage “ motto meaning the deal is very positive for Telefonica from a business perspective while it doesn’t affect its debt position. They have a Rights Issue in enlarged Telefónica Deutschland of €3.70bn. Telefónica subscribes prorate to its stake of 76.8%, €2.84bn + €1.30bn to KPN for 7.3% stake in the enlarged Telefónica Deutschland. Required total financing of €4.14bn is structured as 50-65% Hybrid, 100% equity under IFRS/ 50% equity for credit rating agencies and 20-30% Mandatory Convertible. Their objective is weighting around 2x incremental OIBDA, excluding synergies ; with Net debt/ratio preserved in short term for neutral to positive impact but keeping strong liquidity to maintain 24 months maturities for FCF generation till deal completion. Economic KPIs and cash flows must be consistent with real value creation. There is no place for speculation, particularly in these variable markets where sources of capital are skeptical, margins becoming tighter, and the consequences of missing forecasts are more direct. As the folks at Ey rightly point out that a fanatical focus on due diligence of all aspects of the target’s business and complete regulatory and market landscape is indispensable when there is so much money at stake . There is no substitute for old-fashioned focus on the fundamentals of M/A: a clearly articulated and well thought-out strategic rationale for the acquisition becomes the yardstick by which to measure individual decisions that arise during the course of a transaction. Without one, decisions are made that end up being costly and inconsistent with the ultimate strategy chosen – or worse, require divestment of the entire acquisition years later as a ‘bad deal ‘. Proactive Telcos clarify their M/A approach, organization and the way they source deals globally, and work closely with investor relations to ensure they have the right story to tell the capital markets—especially if they aggressively pursue new adjacent areas that have different value creation profiles or emerging market economies with majority low ARPU subscribers . Sadiq Malik ( Telco Strategist ) 5
  • 6. 2 : Scenario Planning : Alternative futures for Telcos !! by sjm786 Scenario planning, is a strategic planning method to devise flexible long-term plans. It is in large part an adaptation of classic methods used by military intelligence : WAR GAMES. At Royal Dutch/Shell it was viewed as changing mindsets about the exogenous part of the world, prior to formulating specific strategies. Scenarios provide a mature insightful way to lay out alternative futures to challenge cherished but perhaps irrelevant assumptions on the future of the high capex volatile industries like Oil and Telcos. The aim of scenario planning is not to identify one specific future, but to explore possible futures and to identify the mechanisms that drive the future in a particular direction. Scenariobased strategic planning achieves its cognitive effects through a structured, tool-based approach .Which brings us to envisioning some simple yet plausible scenarios for the Telco Industry !! Scenario 1: The technology future In this scenario Telcos obtain a competitive advantage by developing / delivering new proprietary technologies. At the same time customers’ buying decisions are mainly influenced by the technological characteristics of the innovations. And consumers have become technology savvy and technology addicts. Under these circumstances, the most relevant strategy for telcos is to invent new technologies and push them to the market. In the long run this scenario may mean the disappearance of fixed networks as the leading technology for transporting voice and data. Even if physical networks remain, in this scenario they will play a minor role. They are what roads are to transport: they need to be there, they need to be maintained, but apart from that nobody really cares. The customer is interested more in cars ( Smartphones ), than in the type of asphalt ( LTE 4G ) he drives on. 6
  • 7. For example Google is highly innovative, only distributes services online and has completely disrupted existing business models, putting pressure on such diverse industries as traditional software, newspapers and publishers. In the technology world, telecom companies that are disruptive innovators will do to the current telecom industry what Google has done to software. They will redefine existing industry boundaries completely, based on technology. Scenario 2: The commodity future In this scenario there are no distinctive technologies that give telcos a competitive edge. Instead, there are a number of standard technologies offered by vendors. Consumers recognize that technological change is incremental : they are all very much aware of the standards that exist and have a pretty good idea about what they want. They do not need to go to a store to check the hardware, but just order it online. Telcos will have to offer the technologies and the connected services in a convenient and efficient way. Gaining economies of scale to serve mass markets cheaply is the key to company survival here. The role of the Telco is best described as a standard direct packager: it takes standard technology and services from other companies, then packages them and offers them on the web with little thinking about product differentiation. For example Dell does not innovate its technology, but buys components from vendors. Next it ties those components together and ships the resulting product fast and cheaply to the consumer. It is a completely online business model. As most people now have an understanding of what they want from a pc or laptop, or they have a smart cousin who can help them articulate their wishes, there is no need for a store with staff explaining what the basic choices are. Scenario 3: The customised future In this world each segment has its own demands in terms of products and services and how these are to be delivered. R&D focuses on serving this diversity of market segments. Telcos will follow a demand pull strategy in developing innovations. They will listen to the market, identify the needs of different consumer groups and innovate around this need. This may lead to different versions of products and services being offered in the market or to entirely different technologies being developed for different segments. The role of the Telco is that of a market driven innovator which may lead in two directions. The first one is reactive: creating innovations based on a profound understanding of consumer needs. The other road is more proactive: creating innovations that create new market segments that other telecom companies have not yet thought of. For example Apple innovates based on superior understanding of what consumers like. In doing so they deliver superior technology to existing markets (the iPod that replaced other MP3 players), but they also create new market segments by supporting online communities. Their approach is decidedly multichannel with much online business, but also investments in Apple stores and resellers. 7
  • 8. Scenario 4: The segmented world In the segmented world, telcos source innovation from vendors and package those standard technologies for specific market segments. In many ways this scenario is closest to the current strategies of most traditional telecom incumbents. They have decreased their investment in innovation and have embarked on a multichannel strategy. In the segmented world technology and content sourced from vendors need to be integrated and they need to be matched with the diverse market segments that exist. The company that is best able to connect the trinity of technology, content and segment will be able to reap superior profits. However, a critique on this strategy is that it tries to be everything for everyone. There is little focus on either specific technologies or segments. The risk that niche players enter into the most profitable segments may be high. Have Telcos ever considered the nightmare scenario when Apple and Amazon offer handsets plus e-SIMs. Contracts and billing could be handled via iTunes or Amazon accounts. The telco would thus become anonymous, a mere wholesaler of network capacity with no end-customer relationship of its own. Traditional strategy tools are designed for stable market environments, but fail predictably when applied to innovation under conditions of uncertainty and rapid change, which characterizes today’s telecom market. Telcos can no longer afford the luxury of sluggishness, strategic inertia or blind spots.The good news is that various scenarios show an abundance of opportunities for Telcos. The mobile industry is undergoing a dramatic rethinking of business foundations and supporting technologies. In many ways, technologies such as cloud, software-defined networking and 5G result in a “software is eating the network” end game. This in turn will promote opportunities that are much larger than just selling voice and data access meaning digital commerce, advertising, energy services, smart home , e-health ,M2M , Connected Car , Big Data , IoT etc . It is for the Telcos to adapt , improvise , transform to profit from these opportunities ….lest Telco CxO’s forget what the 6 th century Sage said……… ” Plants are born tender and pliant; dead, they are brittle and dry ….and the same for men “ Lao Tzu Sadiq Malik ( Telco Strategist ) 8
  • 9. 3 : MVNO Africa Industry Summit 2013 : The Chairman’s perspective !! by sjm786 The MVNO Africa Congress in Cape Town was extremely interesting despite the fact that Mobile virtual network operators in Africa are yet to achieve real success. According to Informa Research there are around three million active SIM cards on MVNO networks across the continent, with that number expected to increase to 3.6 million by the end of 2013 and 14 million by the end of 2018.Hardly encouraging !! The international speakers really stole the show with their stimulating presentations. Sprint USA ‘’ largest wholesale carrier hosting MVNOs lauded the benefits of partnering with other brands. Sprint hosts 110 of the country’s 123 MVNOs and accounts for 8.2 million of its subscribers. Some of the motivations cited for mobile network operators to partner with MVNOs were pre-empting regulatory requirements, selling excess network capacity and addressing additional markets.Infact Sprint has formalised evaluation protocols and raft of support services to on board MVNO’s and ensure their success. An enlightened win win relationship based on trust and sincerity is Sprint’s “ Leit motif “ Vodafone International Services (VIS) surprised us that they have built a ‘mobile virtual network operator (MVNO) business in a box’ package to offer to clients interested in building a MVNO.VIS, part of the Vodafone Group and based in Cairo, provides a host of services including customer care centres and value added services (VAS) to Vodafone’s own networks as well as other players in the telecom and technology industry. They have created a model, backed by our experience as a MNO, of a MVNO business in a box . They have offerings for national and no frills markets, retailers, the corporate segment and niche players. France Telecom Orange were less enthusiasticabout their MVNO prospects in South Africa. They insisted that without favorable regulation for MVNOs they will not launch an MVNO . 9
  • 10. Any investment in customer acquisition will tank if the wholesale price is higher than the retail price. Any wholesale rate agreement must have protections against price cutting by the host network so the agreement should incorporate an element of retail minus pricing so that the effective wholesale rate is the lower of the agreed rate or the host’s retail rate minus x%. This ensures the host network cannot reduce their own customer facing prices below the negotiated prices with the MVNO. Orange is adamant that formalised MVNO regulatory regime will encourage companies to launch in South Africa and ultimately improve competition. Globally the combination of an increasingly favourable regulatory environment and market maturity has led to a significant growth in MVNOs. Despite the improving environment and the more favourable wholesale terms being offered by networks the list of failed MVNOs continues to grow, demonstrating that creating a viable MVNO remains challenging. The main challenge for an MVNO is no different to any other business and that is to have some form of competitive advantage, a source of differentiation. This is most effectively achieved when the business can leverage existing assets such as existing customers, brand, distribution, content or infrastructure. The greatest challenge is securing a network deal at a wholesale rate which allows the MVNO to create value for shareholders. The chances of negotiating a good deal are significantly enhanced if the underlying business proposition is strong. The chances of successfully securing a network deal are increased if the target host network is selected with care and the MVNO’s network architecture is carefully matched to the business needs. The best case study by far was presented Poste Mobile Italy ( division of the Italian Post Office ). Mobile communications in Italy is one of the most lucrative, but also the most saturated, marketplaces in the world. In addition, although virtual operators have existed for several years in Europe and the United States, only a few countries have seen MVNOs capture a significant share of the market. Therefore, Poste Italiane saw the success of this new initiative resting on several key factors. The company needed to provide differentiated, innovative services through its mobile offering. It also had to move rapidly through the planning and launch phases in a cost-effective way, putting in place a completely new organization in a very short time frame. The right technology platform had to be created that could enable the company’s 13,800 existing postal offices to act as the PosteMobile retail network. At the same time, the integration of existing postal offices went beyond technology—it also required significant organizational change management skills and a large training effort. Post Mobile worked with an MVNE who provided the support for the core elements needed to launch and operate the new MVNO.These included: • Business support system (BSS) functions such as customer relationship management, billing, dealer portal and data warehouse • Network elements, including IN Service Control Point and GGSN (GPRS Gateway Support Node) • Service delivery platform, including a mobile portal to enable SIM-based value added services PosteMobile’s market leading services allow customers to conduct a variety of financial and communications activities easily, securely and inexpensively. Customers can check their 10
  • 11. PosteMobile accounts, make money transfers and pay bills through the easy to use SIM menu. They can refill their accounts easily, and can monitor the movement of funds in both the PosteMobile prepaid card and Poste Italiane accounts. PosteMobile and Poste Italiane have achieved important business results that are propelling them toward high performance. In the first month of operation as a startup company, PosteMobile attracted 100,000 subscribers and now has over 4 million subscribers—making it the largest virtual mobile network operator in Italy. Post Mobile Italia is a classic : leveraging their existing customer base and loyalty they built their own billing system and combined mobile payments and VAS into a devastating MVNO success. Poste Italiane has revolutionized the offerings of the traditional postal industry and set new terms of competition. The company can now provide customers with new, highly attractive mobile services by integrating and making its traditional offerings (national post office network, bank and certification authority) accessible through any mobile handset incl NFC believe it or not ! Viva l’Italia !! Sadiq Malik ( Telco Strategist ) 4 : IPX and LTE Roaming : A Telco Wholesale Opportunity !! by sjm786 Recent months have seen an increasing number of wholesale telecoms operators and other companies enter the market with inter-carrier IP exchange (IPX) services. Several developments will drive the long-term demand for IPX services, including the launch of 4G networks based on LTE, the growing demand among VoIP service providers for high-quality transit and termination, and the ability of IPX to support new services, including videoconferencing and HD voice. By providing hub-based interconnection to telecoms operators, content providers and other companies, IPX service providers aim to offer a private international network for exchanging both IP and legacy traffic that is separate from the public Internet. As much as 25% of the wholesale value of 11
  • 12. traffic flowing over IPX networks is expected to be generated by new and value added services, with LTE interoperability, roaming and voice services set to be strong drivers for growth, according to telecoms analyst house, Innovation Observatory. IP exchange (IPX) is a telecommunications interconnection model for the exchange of IP based traffic between customers of separate mobile and fixed operators as well as other types of service provider (such as ISP), via IP based Network-to-Network Interface.The intent of IPX is to provide interoperability of IP-based services between all service provider types within a commercial framework that enables all parties in the value chain to receive a commercial return. The commercial relationships are underpinned with service level agreements which guarantee performance, quality and security. French operator group Orange’s wholesale division has expanded its IPX (IP exchange) with a Diameter signalling offering allowing customers to introduce LTE roaming across Europe, the Americas and Asia.The operator said that it has an ambitious program in place to extend it’s LTE Signalling capability through direct connectivity and peering agreements. According to the operator the Diameter-based LTE signalling service enables operators to provide end users with improved QoE on 4G networks while roaming outside their home country.The Telenor Global IPX enables operators and partners to be connected through one IP connection. The IPX interconnect solution allows for an optimized, flexible, secure connection and guaranteed Quality of Service (QoS) for voice and mobile services. This is an important shift to improving Global Roaming Quality for the end customer. The Telenor Global IPX Service is provided over the IPX Compliant MPLS/IP Network and includes the basic framework designed by the GSMA which incorporates four main principles: • Premium quality • Secure environment • Flexible for all services • Cascading payments To establish LTE data roaming worldwide, two architectural issues need to be addressed. First, it’s not that easy for an LTE operator by itself to complete interconnectivity with its global roaming destinations. Instead of current GRX and bilateral TDM links, roaming between LTE/EPC networks requires an efficient international exchange mechanism to integrate all the IP-based services originated in EPC/IMS and to interconnect them among numerous LTE operators worldwide. Besides, the existing GRX defines only best-effort IP transport, a QoS guarantee scheme between visited and home networks is required to let LTE subscribers enjoy international services with the same quality as domestic services. Telstra Global is developing its capability to become a leading IPX provider in Asia-Pacific on a base of service flexibility for LTE roaming and service-aware traffic management. Telstra Global’s IPX strategy for LTE roaming borrows lessons from the cloud by offering its customers the ability to burst traffic in peak times. Telstra Global is also supporting the dynamic allocation of classes of service (CoS) to address the increased requirements of the contentand applications-based traffic expected to flow over next-generation networks. Telstra Global sees basic LTE data roaming as just the beginning of its IPX ambitions 12
  • 13. Second, instead of the legacy SS7 MAP in GPRS roaming, roaming signaling in LTE/EPC uses Diameter on IP to exchange subscribers’ authentication and location update between visited and home networks. Diameter is the Authentication, Authorization and Accounting (AAA) protocol succeeding to RADIUS. Unfortunately, interoperability of Diameter technology hasn’t yet reached full maturity. Actually, different vendors’ EPC nodes sometimes can’t successfully communicate to each other due to different implementations of Diameter signaling despite 3GPP standards. Spectrum fragmentation is the big elephant in LTE roaming room .3GPP identifies more than 20 LTE Frequency Division Duplex (FDD) frequency bands and more than 10 LTE Time Division Duplex (TDD) frequency bands. According to Analysts, LTE operators have committed to launch in at least 13 bands, and with as many as 10 bands being proposed in a single region. It increases the cost for LTE operators to provide global roaming coverage with multiple bands, as well as for manufacturers to develop roaming-compatible handsets. To solve this problem, the industry has to seek a set of common bands for international roaming or has to wait for a handset that supports a sufficient amount of frequency bands. Whereas the currently popular bands (800MHz, 1.8GHz and 2.6GHz) are likely to be applied for international LTE roaming for the time being, a global consensus on common bands for international roaming is necessary for sustainable growth of LTE and its roaming.Despite the spectrum problem, a lot of MNOs, IPX providers, and vendors are preparing and testing LTE roaming now. Therefore, international LTE roaming will certainly expand particularly in the popular frequency bands. Thus, international LTE roaming on IPX embodies interconnectivity of IP-based telecommunication services among LTE/EPC ecosystems and reflects the beginning of new experience on global coverage of high speed mobile computing. Recently SAP AG announced an IPX peering agreement with Etisalat UAE, the largest telecom operator in the Middle East and Africa, to deliver LTE roaming traffic to all mobile operators. This strategic LTE roaming and diameter peering agreement will help Etisalat operator companies to interconnect with SAP Mobile Services’ strong IPX customer community and launch LTE roaming quickly. Sadiq Malik ( Telco Strategist 5 : The Diameter Storm in LTE : GET READY OR ELSE !! 13
  • 14. by sjm786 As 4G networks expand and customer adoption increases, the wireless industry faces a new “signaling storm” – this one related to core network signaling using the Diameter protocol. With the migration to 3G, LTEand IMS-based networks, the need to manage the growth in Diameter signaling has become critical to optimize the network and ease congestion in real time. Operators are addressing concerns about data capacity by migrating to LTE, offloading traffic to Wi-Fi, and deploying small cells. However, the impact of network signaling has gone largely unreported. So what is Diameter ?? Diameter is an authentication, authorization, and accounting protocol for computer networks. It evolved from and replaces the much less capable RADIUS protocol that preceded it. Diameter and SIP are the protocols in LTE networks that replace SS7, which is used in 3G networks. SIP is the call control protocol used to establish voice, messaging, and multimedia communication sessions. Diameter is used to exchange subscriber profile information and for authentication, charging, QoS, and mobility between network elements.The Diameter protocol was originally envisioned to handle things like charging or simple policy control but was expanded to take on a much broader set of responsibilities such as : # Registration, authorization, and authentication # QoS/bandwidth-based admission control # Charging # Location Why the storm in the LTE cauldron ? LTE networks are characterized by more boxes and increasing complexity. This means that even more signaling is required for these boxes to communicate with each other. Carriers often deal with signaling at the level of individual network elements rather that at the network level. That breeds inefficiency and far too many point-to-point connections. As the signaling load grows, the resulting “n-squared” increase in core signaling traffic can quickly overwhelm nodes in the network. In January 2012 NTT 14
  • 15. DoCoMo networks suffered a 4 hour network outage due to an abnormal spike in signalling traffic. One recent network outage prompted the operator to ask Google to reduce the amount of signalling from Android devices. According to Acme Packet, by 2015, 44,000 Diameter transactions per second (TPS) will occur for every one million subscribers. For a moderately sized LTE deployment of five million subscribers, a mobile service provider will need to process between 220,000 and one million Diameter transactions per second. Online charging is the largest area of growth for Diameter signaling MPS as service providers migrate their charging networks to all IP-based architectures — forecast to increase from nearly 18,000 MPS to nearly 14 million MPS by 2016, for a CAGR of 280 percent. Subscriber authentication will generate 5.4 billion messages in 2016. Social networking activity is forecasted to spike from about 155 million Diameter messages in 2011 to 17 billion in 2016. VoLTE and video streaming will sharply increase Diameter signaling with about 36 billion and 30 billion Diameter messages, respectively, in 2016 — generating high amounts of Diameter signaling due to Quality of Service (QoS) requirements. Policy has the largest impact on total Diameter signaling traffic with nearly 24 million MPS crossing LTE networks by 2016 in support of policy use cases —a CAGR of 269 percent over the 2011-2016 period — based on the growth of sophisticated data plans, personalized services, and over-the-top (OTT) and advertising models All of the resulting signaling will result in network outages because the servers involved in processing various AAA, QoS, or charging functions are not equipped to deal with spikes in volume. As proven during Hurricane Sandy and other natural disasters, congestion of the core signaling network is a key concern operators have to address when friends and families flood lines in search of loved ones. When the core fails, nothing works, therefore making the core becomes a critical component in the network. Geographic redundancy and traffic control is paramount to a robust signaling network that can survive any crisis. It’s time for operators to adopt strategies that allow them to manage traffic growth and mitigate the impact of Apps and connected devices on network signalling. Regulation of applications that require frequent updates may serve to ease signaling traffic to some extent, but it could stifle the popularity of the Apps that have become so appealing to mobile subscribers. Unlike the ongoing 3G signaling storm which is being created by smartphonebased applications and social networking services, the Diameter signaling phenomenon can also have positive implications in the form of new revenue-generating opportunities. Sadiq Malik ( Telco Strategist ) 15
  • 16. 6 : White Space : Digital Ecosystems in the New Mobile Web !! by sjm786 The Telco 2.0 Initiative Gurus believe that the emergence of the New Mobile Web is creating a white space for operators seeking to (re)build their role in the digital marketplace. The New Mobile Web is a term used to describe the transformed mobile Web experience achieved through advances in technology; HTLM5, faster, cheaper (4G) connectivity, better mobile devices. The New Mobile Web will lead to a shift away from native (Apple & Android) app ecosystems to browserbased consumption of media and services. Web RTC is a technology that promises to bring voice and video into the web browser. At the same time, it offers an excellent opportunity for Telcos to innovate by extending telecom services into the open web and freeing voice from closed telecom networks. Lured by the promise of attracting higher-ARPU smartphone users, Telcos have worked hard to flood the market with smartphones at a wide range of price points. This strategy served the short-term goal of boosting the connectivity business, but may have jeopardized the long-term competitiveness of the service business by surrendering the customer ownership associated with authentication, user identity management and billing services. As the basis of competition changes to “choice and flexibility”, vertical integration (ie : notion of all-in-one telco spanning network operations, telephony, messaging, data access, user identity management, authentication and billing, as well as distribution and retail ) has lost its competitive lustre. The lack of flexibility inherent to vertical integration explains why Telcos lost out to smartphone and Internet platforms in the areas of location services, authentication, single sign on, user identity, and billing. 16
  • 17. Although many Telcos believe that they urgently need to build strong digital businesses, most are struggling to do so. Creating a Digital Telco means looking beyond traditional telco business models in the context of the changing telecom value network.The challenge for Telcos isn’t that OTT companies outspend or “ out imagine “ them in digital innovation. It’s that marginal cost analysis steers Telcos towards investments in capabilities that were relevant in the old basis of competition, rather than toward developing new capabilities relevant for the new basis of competition. For example marginal cost analysis makes RCS (e ,5) backboned on IMS is an attractive choice for new presence and messaging services designed according to traditional telco service models. However, according to the new basis for competition, the scalability and interoperability offered by IMS are less important than flexibility. Telcos could be better off investing in new, more flexible infrastructure better suited for experimentation with new services, use cases and business models. As such the focus of Web RTC innovation should be on building developer ecosystems for voice services, discovery of new use cases and experimentation with new business models, and not on technology. If Telcos won’t do this, competitors will Opportunities in digital content fall into two broad categories: production and distribution. In IBM’s opinion, content production offers little potential for telecom providers; most operators will do better by partnering with content providers than by attempting to produce content themselves. However, they can also play a role in facilitating the trend toward user generated content by enabling consumers to enhance their own content with a range of telecom capabilities, including location, presence and interactive services. To defend and grow their share of the digital content market, Telcos will ultimately have to make a substantial organizational, cultural, technological, operational and business model transformation as they transition from providing network connectivity to enabling the consumer’s digital experience. With the transition to Internet Protocol (IP) and the proliferation of content distribution platforms, consumers increasingly want choice, flexibility and control over the multi media multi screen experience. Telecom operators can draw on their unique skills and capabilities to capitalize on this trend and distinguish themselves from rival platform providers. Vision Mobile states that Telcos must move their innovation focus from technologies (be it HTML5, NFC, IMS, VoLTE, M2M or RCS-e) to ecosystems. Ecosystems are much better at delivering choice and flexibility.Ecosystem economics are driven by network effects and lockin. iPhone apps attract Apple users, who in turn attract more developers, who make more apps, which attract even more users, and so on. This network effect between developers and users drives the explosive growth of the iOS platform. Lock-in creates natural “walled gardens,” as users develop habits around apps, while developers are locked-in by high switching costs created by their investments into the platform. A platform business model is about leveraging an operator’s underutilised, walled network assets, taking a cut from the delivery of innovative services, in the same way that Apple takes a cut from the delivery of mobile apps or Facebook takes a cut out of ad delivery. Over the longer term, Telcos can look for ways to build parallel ecosystems, using lessons from the ecosystem economics textbook. M2M holds the potential to create a vibrant ecosystem of users and solution providers, thereby establishing strong network effects and lock-in. Telcos can become the central force in this emerging ecosystem if they learn to engineer the ecosystems to their advantage. By looking at M2M through the lens of ecosystem economics, 17
  • 18. operators will see opportunities that are much bigger than just selling modems and data connections. In the future, our communication will revolve around social media platforms, dominated by Internet firms such as Apple, Facebook and others that do not even exist yet. The Google+ video telephony project launched in 2011 shows the way forward for integrated communication environments that, building on a personal or organizational network, set up telephony, messaging, mail, chat or video links at the click of a button : Hey …..Customers don’t buy access, they buy service ecosystems !! Sadiq Malik ( Telco Strategist ) Contacts email 1: sadiq.malik@broadbandgurus.net email 2 : maliksadiq13@gmail.com mobile : + 27 84 6791327 skype : sadiqmalik1 web : www.broadbandgurus.net Twitter : @sjm786 Linked In : za.linkedin.com/in/sadiqmaliksjm786/ Blog : www.maliksadiq13.wordpress.com 18