APM Welcome, APM North West Network Conference, Synergies Across Sectors
Wisp Assignment 2 China T46
1. WISP Assignment 2: CHINA Group Member: Liu Yigong Lam Ming Jun Yuan Shenghai Tio Wee Leong
2. Before viewing our presentation watch the following video for an overview of the situation: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wzDCX74V42s WARNING Conflict scenes take place in Urumqi city, Xin Jiang. Parental Guidance is advised. M18 – Blood and Violent Scenes
12. Vicious cycle of hate and violenceTensions already at boiling point
13. Discrimination Misperceptions from both sides Older generation’s prejudice Uyghur are portrayed as barbarians by Han Chinese Hans are portrayed as heretic (against their Muslim religion) by Uyghurs Employment Han Employers bias preference for own race Education PRC officially give Uyghurs 20 marks advantage in university entrance exam to make up for the above short-coming, which is not working
14. History Centuries long prejudice and tensions Ghulja Incident -> Harsh army crackdown Recent tensions PRC argues terrorist influence on Uyghur population to justify it’s policies Uyghurs feel this is an excuse to deny their human rights PRC’s long term economic aim Western Development Program Neglecting short term issues expecting poverty to diminish overtime and Uyghurs to accept a Chinese identity
15. Statistic of Races Significant Han Chinese Assimilation of Uyghur’s Culture into Han’s started in the mid-20th century Note Riots take place in Urumqi, the capital of Xin Jiang
16. Consequences Feel they are gradually “squeezed” out in terms of… Economy Politics Culture And Religion
17. What has government done after riot? Media Control Online social networking website shut down Conceal Details Repression Rescue casualties The Blame game- Accuse World Uyghur Congress and RebiyaKadeeras the instigators
18. Conclusion on riot China government fails to- maintain the peace among racial - media control and repression Rebiya Kadeer and World Uyghur Congress “typically” blamed This can be categorized as a “terrorist attack”
19. Present situation in SG Relatively Peaceful – Racially Instances of Racial (Minority) Discrimination LKW’s Emphasis on Impact of Chinese Immigrants Gopolan’s View of Racial Inequality in Official Policies Malay’s Response to Foreigner during a Singapore Short Film Screening Event
21. Present Discriminations Malays & Indians to Chinese Viewed by older generations of Chinese as the likely perpetrator of crimes Akin to how Han Chinese treat the Uyghurs
22. Society of SG ‘09 Technology & Western culture’s dominance amongst Youths How does it affect? Common ground established Higher awareness and access to phenomenal loads of info Unique generation with unprecedented level of information awareness Empowered to make better decisions
23. Similarities 75% Chinese in both Discrimination against minority Difference in extent Extremist Activities
24. Similarities Education Policies benefiting specific groups Excess control by Govt. Races prefer to stick with their own Evident in educational institutes.
25. Similarities Separatist activities Attacks on govt. infrastructure Chinese here are richer than other ethnic groups In-proportionate political representation
30. Combined Effect All But One Ingredients for Racial Incident “Bomb” in Place Minority (All Others, 25.8%, 2009) Feelings of inequality, grudge against the majority Majority (Chinese, 74.2%, 2009) Unable to Accept Differences with Other Races Only Missing Component is a Detonator A Single Instance of Public Racial Discrimination
31. SG 2061 : THE FUTURE Chinese becomes main language in Sg Minorities disadvantaged Selective employment 1 Rumor Protest Coalition of minorities, including foreigners possibly Possible similar conflicts leading to Urumqi
32. What Can be Done? Central Principle The price we are willing to pay for National Security Societal Security Sacrifice of Freedom
33. Education of Both Current & Next Generation Increase Exposure to the World at Large Strong Enforcement of Policies Heavy Penalties for Discrimination Secret Intelligence Agency Proposed “Vaccine” for the Situation
34. Possible Challenges / Problems Established Mindset of the Public Fundamental Cultural Differences Perpetration of Foreign Mal Intentions Detrimental Effect on Progress Present Feelings of Inequality
1st pt = Groups such as the East Turkestan Islamic Movement with Al-Qaeda links2nd pt = Growing prosperity of Han Chinese alienating poorer Uyghurs, chinese population in generalGovt policy actually favor minority -> education5th pt : Leads to losing out in economic and political standingsExiled Uyghur Political / Activist leadersBranding majority of civil unrest or discontent with terrorism labelEmployment discriminationThus EducationTerrorists aren’t helping the situation
Older gen. -> Influence younger gen.Employment - Even though there’re Uyghurs good in chinese, they don’t want
1st point – Cont from last slide, older generation don’t like the Uyghurs as they think they’re violent people Uyghur feel several Chinese government policies of uplifting poverty among Uyghurs were actually designed to create more poverty andto force Uyghurs to be culturally assimilated and abandon their own land.
Significant Han Chinese settle inXinjiang 6% in 1949 ,40% now. 75% han in U now 12% is uTensions between Uyghurs and Han have existed in the area for several decadesUyghur have extra marks can have more babys.Hope development in economy can help solve radial problemReceive intelligence yet to make a move.
As shown in previous slide, majority Han and Han only employ their own race.Banning of the 2000 year old Uyghur languageThe September 11 terrorist attacks provided a perfect opportunity for China to step up pressure on Uyghurs and the Uyghur national identity. Notes:Chinese efforts in this regard include branding every incidence of civil unrest or discontent with the terrorism label; increased religious persecution; harsh political suppression; sharp ethnic discrimination in employment, education and social participation; banning the more than 2000 year old Uyghur language from schools and forcefully imposing Chinese education starting from the kindergarten level; implementing the same Chinese law differently for Uyghurs; forcing Uyghur families to send their children to mainland China for employment arrangements while bringing millions of Han Chinese to the Uyghur region to fill employment vacancies; and generally coercing Uyghurs to become like the Chinese by sacrificing their unique identity.
Define of terrorist attack surprise attack involving the deliberate use of violence against civilians in the hope of attaining political or religious aims // wordnetweb.princeton.edu/perl/webwn
