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BRAIN COMPUTER INTERFACE
1. A
Presentation
On
Prepared by
Mr.Rushi Prajapati
Monday, June 04, 2012 BCI A.I.E.T. Jaipur 1
2. Scope of presentation
Basic Idea
Generic BCI system
Types of BCI system
EEG technique
Applications
Advantages
Disadvantages
BCI Innovators
Future developments
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3. MAN AND THE WORLD
Man interacts with the world using his
five senses and limb movements
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4. THOUGHTS faster than
ACTIONS
Actions are mechanical
movements while
thoughts are electrical
impulses.
Thoughts are faster than
actions
So direct interaction with
the world through
thoughts would be faster.
Monday, June 04, 2012 BCI 4
5. Brain Computer Interface
Brain-computer interface (BCI) is a fast-growing
emergent technology in which researchers aim to
build a direct channel between the human brain
and the computer.
BCI- The
Ultimate in
Human
Computer
Interfacing
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6. Components of BCI
Generation of
signals from brain
Preprocessing,
Feature extraction,
Classification,
Device control.
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8. signal extraction techniques
Different neuroimaging methods are used to derive
meaningful interpretations from the brain signals which
are captured by microelectrodes:
EEG - Electro encephalography
ECoG - Electro cortico graphy
MEG - Magneto encephalo graphy
BOLD - Blood-Oxygen-Level-Dependent (signal)
MRI - Magnetic Resonance Imaging
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9. Types of BCI
Invasive-
inside grey matter of brain
Partially Invasive-
inside the skull but outside
the grey matter
Non Invasive-
outside the skull, on the
scalp
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10. Invasive BCI S
Electrode inserted
directly into grey matter
Highest quality signal
can obtain
But are prone to scar-
tissue build-up
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11. Sensors Used in BCI-
Microelectrodes
Silicon Microelectrode
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12. Microelectrodes
Microelectrodes are
used to capture
electrical/magnetic
signals of the brain.
Types:
Wire-type
Silicon-based
Ceramic-based
Polyimide-based. Diagram of silicon-based
ACREO microelectrode arrays
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13. Microwires emerging from the green and orange tubes connect to two
arrays of 16 microelectrodes embedded in a small mat of clear,
rubbery silicone - the larger, numbered electrodes are part of the
patient’s original surgery (Photo: University of Utah Department of
Neurosurgery) Monday, June 04, 2012 BCI 13
14. Partially Invasive BCIs
Implanted inside the skull but rest outside the grey
matter of the brain
Produce better resolution signals than non-invasive
BCIs where the bone tissue of the cranium deflects
and deforms signals
Carry lower risk of forming scar-tissue in the brain
than fully-invasive BCIs.
Monday, June 04, 2012 BCI 14
15. Non-Invasive BCIs
low signal quality due
to electrodes are not
directly interact with
neurons
It is safest as no
surgery required.
EEG is widely used for
this technique
Monday, June 04, 2012 BCI 15
16. EEG Technique for BCI
Electrodes attached to the
scalp
Electric signals of the brain
are amplified.
Transmitted to the computer
Software converts them into
technical control signals (
computer commands)
These computer commands
controls the computer. June 04, 2012
Monday, BCI 16
17. EEG WAVES
There are 5 major types of EEG waves
1. Delta Waves
2. Theta Waves
3. Alpha Waves
4. Beta Waves
5. Gamma Waves
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18. Continuous Brain Waves
Generally grouped by frequency: (amplitudes are about 100µV max)
Type Frequency Location Use
Delta <4 Hz everywhere occur during sleep, coma
Theta 4-7 Hz temporal and parietal correlated with emotional stress
(frustration & disappointment)
Alpha 8-12 Hz occipital and parietal reduce amplitude with sensory
stimulation or mental imagery
Beta 12-36 Hz parietal and frontal can increase amplitude during
intense mental activity
Mu 9-11 Hz frontal (motor diminishes with movement or
cortex) intention of movement
Lambda sharp, occipital correlated with visual attention
jagged
Vertex higher incidence in patients with
epilepsy or encephalopathy
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19. Electrode Placement
Standard “10-20 System”
Spaced apart 10-20%
Letter for region
• F - Frontal Lobe
• T - Temporal Lobe
• C - Center
• O - Occipital Lobe
Number for exact position
• Odd numbers - left
• Even numbers - right
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21. Area of implementation
Medical science
Enabling disabled people
o Vision and hearing
o Paralysis treatment
o Prosthetic devices (legs, hands etc)
o Provide a means of communication to completely
paralyzed patients
o Surgically implanted devices used as replacement
for paralyzed patients 04, 2012 BCI
Monday, June 21
22. General application
Control a robot
Playing games
For physically weak persons to handle the computer
Cursor control
o Allow those with poor muscle control to
o communicate and control physical devices
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23. Example of BCI
application
A phsically
handicapped
man operates
a BCI
wheelchair
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24. More examples
Japanese student
walking in the virtual
world with the
character controlled
by his brain waves.
A single handed man
interfaced with BCI
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25. ADVANTAGES
• BCIs will help creating a Direct communication
between a human or animal brain and computers.
• Also it provides better living, more features, more
advancement in technologies etc.
• High Precision (can be used reliably)
• Low bandwidth
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26. Difficulty in Implementation
of BCI:
COST require for BCI is very high.
It is RISKy, because it operates with brain.
Effective BCI technique requires invasive method.
Requires magnetically shielded room and special
kind of helmet.
It is SLOW
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27. BCI INNOVATORS
Pioneers
Nasa
Cyberkinetics neurotechnology system,
Japanese reaserch team
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28. Future developments
Better signal detection
Shortening training time
Improvinglearning (neurobiological and
psychological basis)
New recording methods (NIRS, ECoG)
Broaderrange of applications (interface to
commercially available assistive devices;
treatment of diseases)
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29. Conclusion
BCI is highly promising.
Provide high standard of
living.
Extend our limits.
Impart a new level to the
popular quote-
“I think therefore I am!”
Monday, June 04, 2012 BCI 29