This document discusses common viral skin infections, including warts caused by HPV, molluscum contagiosum virus, herpes simplex virus, varicella zoster virus, and others. It provides details on the etiology, clinical presentation, diagnosis, and treatment of each infection. Prevention methods are also summarized, such as practicing good hygiene and avoiding contact with infected areas until lesions are fully resolved.
Viral infections of the skin
DIRECT INFECTIONS ON THE SKIN
→Molluscum Contagiosum
→Wart
SKIN MANIFESTATIONS OF SYSTEMIC DISEASES
Vesicular:Hand foot mouth disease,chicken pox,HSV 1,2
Non vesicular:Measles,Rubella and other exanthematous
rashes.
Viral infections of the skin
DIRECT INFECTIONS ON THE SKIN
→Molluscum Contagiosum
→Wart
SKIN MANIFESTATIONS OF SYSTEMIC DISEASES
Vesicular:Hand foot mouth disease,chicken pox,HSV 1,2
Non vesicular:Measles,Rubella and other exanthematous
rashes.
Fungal skin infections are commonly affect the outer layer of the skin, nails and hair. Most of the fungi causing infections are usually dermatophytes (tinea), yeast (candida) and molds
This is a seminar conducted by 4th year medical student under supervision of a lecturer. Sorry for not attaching the references.
Information were from few textbooks, google and also from previous dermatology posting group's seminar.
Fungal skin infections are commonly affect the outer layer of the skin, nails and hair. Most of the fungi causing infections are usually dermatophytes (tinea), yeast (candida) and molds
This is a seminar conducted by 4th year medical student under supervision of a lecturer. Sorry for not attaching the references.
Information were from few textbooks, google and also from previous dermatology posting group's seminar.
Homeopathic Treatment of WARTS and MOLLUSCUMMohammad Afzal
Warts, molluscum and venereal condylomata caused by
Human papillomavirus (HPV)
HPV infects the top layer of skin, usually entering the
body in an area of broken skin.
The virus causes the top layer of skin to grow rapidly,
forming a wart.
According to conventional medical literature, 30 to 50 %
of all warts heal spontaneously.
The rate for homeopathic treatment is 70 to 80 %,
which underscores its importance most notably in:
• Cases in which there are many warts.
• Warts in young children.
• Periungual or subungual warts.
In plantar warts, the results are even more significant
since good results can easily be obtained in 80% to
90% of cases in two to four months.
Psoriasis is an autoimmune condition that affects skin. It is characterized by changes in the skin that include hyperkeratosis, parakeratosis, and akantosis.
They are attributed to an increased mitosis rate in the basal region of the epidermis, as well as disorders of maturing and differentiating keratinocytes.
These changes in the dermis and epidermis cause the typical desquamation of the stratum corneum observed in psoriasis. The psoriatic lesions indicate an inflammatory reaction caused by the secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines from macrophages, lymphocytes, and neutrophils.
These cytokines may stimulate the inflammatory response via the lipoxygenase and the cyclooxygenase (COX) pathways.
The red, scaling psoriatic plaques often itch and burn. People with psoriasis may suffer discomfort, including pain and itching and emotional distress Psoriasis affects 1% to 2% of the population.
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
describes the etiopathogenesis , clinical features, investigations, differential diagnosis and management and prophylaxis of all important viral lesions affecting the oral cavity
Knee anatomy and clinical tests 2024.pdfvimalpl1234
This includes all relevant anatomy and clinical tests compiled from standard textbooks, Campbell,netter etc..It is comprehensive and best suited for orthopaedicians and orthopaedic residents.
Recomendações da OMS sobre cuidados maternos e neonatais para uma experiência pós-natal positiva.
Em consonância com os ODS – Objetivos do Desenvolvimento Sustentável e a Estratégia Global para a Saúde das Mulheres, Crianças e Adolescentes, e aplicando uma abordagem baseada nos direitos humanos, os esforços de cuidados pós-natais devem expandir-se para além da cobertura e da simples sobrevivência, de modo a incluir cuidados de qualidade.
Estas diretrizes visam melhorar a qualidade dos cuidados pós-natais essenciais e de rotina prestados às mulheres e aos recém-nascidos, com o objetivo final de melhorar a saúde e o bem-estar materno e neonatal.
Uma “experiência pós-natal positiva” é um resultado importante para todas as mulheres que dão à luz e para os seus recém-nascidos, estabelecendo as bases para a melhoria da saúde e do bem-estar a curto e longo prazo. Uma experiência pós-natal positiva é definida como aquela em que as mulheres, pessoas que gestam, os recém-nascidos, os casais, os pais, os cuidadores e as famílias recebem informação consistente, garantia e apoio de profissionais de saúde motivados; e onde um sistema de saúde flexível e com recursos reconheça as necessidades das mulheres e dos bebês e respeite o seu contexto cultural.
Estas diretrizes consolidadas apresentam algumas recomendações novas e já bem fundamentadas sobre cuidados pós-natais de rotina para mulheres e neonatos que recebem cuidados no pós-parto em unidades de saúde ou na comunidade, independentemente dos recursos disponíveis.
É fornecido um conjunto abrangente de recomendações para cuidados durante o período puerperal, com ênfase nos cuidados essenciais que todas as mulheres e recém-nascidos devem receber, e com a devida atenção à qualidade dos cuidados; isto é, a entrega e a experiência do cuidado recebido. Estas diretrizes atualizam e ampliam as recomendações da OMS de 2014 sobre cuidados pós-natais da mãe e do recém-nascido e complementam as atuais diretrizes da OMS sobre a gestão de complicações pós-natais.
O estabelecimento da amamentação e o manejo das principais intercorrências é contemplada.
Recomendamos muito.
Vamos discutir essas recomendações no nosso curso de pós-graduação em Aleitamento no Instituto Ciclos.
Esta publicação só está disponível em inglês até o momento.
Prof. Marcus Renato de Carvalho
www.agostodourado.com
New Drug Discovery and Development .....NEHA GUPTA
The "New Drug Discovery and Development" process involves the identification, design, testing, and manufacturing of novel pharmaceutical compounds with the aim of introducing new and improved treatments for various medical conditions. This comprehensive endeavor encompasses various stages, including target identification, preclinical studies, clinical trials, regulatory approval, and post-market surveillance. It involves multidisciplinary collaboration among scientists, researchers, clinicians, regulatory experts, and pharmaceutical companies to bring innovative therapies to market and address unmet medical needs.
Explore natural remedies for syphilis treatment in Singapore. Discover alternative therapies, herbal remedies, and lifestyle changes that may complement conventional treatments. Learn about holistic approaches to managing syphilis symptoms and supporting overall health.
Basavarajeeyam is a Sreshta Sangraha grantha (Compiled book ), written by Neelkanta kotturu Basavaraja Virachita. It contains 25 Prakaranas, First 24 Chapters related to Rogas& 25th to Rasadravyas.
Title: Sense of Taste
Presenter: Dr. Faiza, Assistant Professor of Physiology
Qualifications:
MBBS (Best Graduate, AIMC Lahore)
FCPS Physiology
ICMT, CHPE, DHPE (STMU)
MPH (GC University, Faisalabad)
MBA (Virtual University of Pakistan)
Learning Objectives:
Describe the structure and function of taste buds.
Describe the relationship between the taste threshold and taste index of common substances.
Explain the chemical basis and signal transduction of taste perception for each type of primary taste sensation.
Recognize different abnormalities of taste perception and their causes.
Key Topics:
Significance of Taste Sensation:
Differentiation between pleasant and harmful food
Influence on behavior
Selection of food based on metabolic needs
Receptors of Taste:
Taste buds on the tongue
Influence of sense of smell, texture of food, and pain stimulation (e.g., by pepper)
Primary and Secondary Taste Sensations:
Primary taste sensations: Sweet, Sour, Salty, Bitter, Umami
Chemical basis and signal transduction mechanisms for each taste
Taste Threshold and Index:
Taste threshold values for Sweet (sucrose), Salty (NaCl), Sour (HCl), and Bitter (Quinine)
Taste index relationship: Inversely proportional to taste threshold
Taste Blindness:
Inability to taste certain substances, particularly thiourea compounds
Example: Phenylthiocarbamide
Structure and Function of Taste Buds:
Composition: Epithelial cells, Sustentacular/Supporting cells, Taste cells, Basal cells
Features: Taste pores, Taste hairs/microvilli, and Taste nerve fibers
Location of Taste Buds:
Found in papillae of the tongue (Fungiform, Circumvallate, Foliate)
Also present on the palate, tonsillar pillars, epiglottis, and proximal esophagus
Mechanism of Taste Stimulation:
Interaction of taste substances with receptors on microvilli
Signal transduction pathways for Umami, Sweet, Bitter, Sour, and Salty tastes
Taste Sensitivity and Adaptation:
Decrease in sensitivity with age
Rapid adaptation of taste sensation
Role of Saliva in Taste:
Dissolution of tastants to reach receptors
Washing away the stimulus
Taste Preferences and Aversions:
Mechanisms behind taste preference and aversion
Influence of receptors and neural pathways
Impact of Sensory Nerve Damage:
Degeneration of taste buds if the sensory nerve fiber is cut
Abnormalities of Taste Detection:
Conditions: Ageusia, Hypogeusia, Dysgeusia (parageusia)
Causes: Nerve damage, neurological disorders, infections, poor oral hygiene, adverse drug effects, deficiencies, aging, tobacco use, altered neurotransmitter levels
Neurotransmitters and Taste Threshold:
Effects of serotonin (5-HT) and norepinephrine (NE) on taste sensitivity
Supertasters:
25% of the population with heightened sensitivity to taste, especially bitterness
Increased number of fungiform papillae
- Video recording of this lecture in English language: https://youtu.be/lK81BzxMqdo
- Video recording of this lecture in Arabic language: https://youtu.be/Ve4P0COk9OI
- Link to download the book free: https://nephrotube.blogspot.com/p/nephrotube-nephrology-books.html
- Link to NephroTube website: www.NephroTube.com
- Link to NephroTube social media accounts: https://nephrotube.blogspot.com/p/join-nephrotube-on-social-media.html
Tom Selleck Health: A Comprehensive Look at the Iconic Actor’s Wellness Journeygreendigital
Tom Selleck, an enduring figure in Hollywood. has captivated audiences for decades with his rugged charm, iconic moustache. and memorable roles in television and film. From his breakout role as Thomas Magnum in Magnum P.I. to his current portrayal of Frank Reagan in Blue Bloods. Selleck's career has spanned over 50 years. But beyond his professional achievements. fans have often been curious about Tom Selleck Health. especially as he has aged in the public eye.
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Introduction
Many have been interested in Tom Selleck health. not only because of his enduring presence on screen but also because of the challenges. and lifestyle choices he has faced and made over the years. This article delves into the various aspects of Tom Selleck health. exploring his fitness regimen, diet, mental health. and the challenges he has encountered as he ages. We'll look at how he maintains his well-being. the health issues he has faced, and his approach to ageing .
Early Life and Career
Childhood and Athletic Beginnings
Tom Selleck was born on January 29, 1945, in Detroit, Michigan, and grew up in Sherman Oaks, California. From an early age, he was involved in sports, particularly basketball. which played a significant role in his physical development. His athletic pursuits continued into college. where he attended the University of Southern California (USC) on a basketball scholarship. This early involvement in sports laid a strong foundation for his physical health and disciplined lifestyle.
Transition to Acting
Selleck's transition from an athlete to an actor came with its physical demands. His first significant role in "Magnum P.I." required him to perform various stunts and maintain a fit appearance. This role, which he played from 1980 to 1988. necessitated a rigorous fitness routine to meet the show's demands. setting the stage for his long-term commitment to health and wellness.
Fitness Regimen
Workout Routine
Tom Selleck health and fitness regimen has evolved. adapting to his changing roles and age. During his "Magnum, P.I." days. Selleck's workouts were intense and focused on building and maintaining muscle mass. His routine included weightlifting, cardiovascular exercises. and specific training for the stunts he performed on the show.
Selleck adjusted his fitness routine as he aged to suit his body's needs. Today, his workouts focus on maintaining flexibility, strength, and cardiovascular health. He incorporates low-impact exercises such as swimming, walking, and light weightlifting. This balanced approach helps him stay fit without putting undue strain on his joints and muscles.
Importance of Flexibility and Mobility
In recent years, Selleck has emphasized the importance of flexibility and mobility in his fitness regimen. Understanding the natural decline in muscle mass and joint flexibility with age. he includes stretching and yoga in his routine. These practices help prevent injuries, improve posture, and maintain mobilit
micro teaching on communication m.sc nursing.pdfAnurag Sharma
Microteaching is a unique model of practice teaching. It is a viable instrument for the. desired change in the teaching behavior or the behavior potential which, in specified types of real. classroom situations, tends to facilitate the achievement of specified types of objectives.
2. Common viral infections of skin
1. Warts: different types
2. Molluscum Contagiosum
3. Herpes Simplex
4. Herpes zoster
5. Opthalmic Zoster
6. Other Viral infections:
- Rubeola (Red Measles)
- Rubeola (German Measles)
- Chicken Pox
- Eczema Herpeticum
DR. Ram Sharan Mehta, MSND, CON,
BPKIHS
3. 1. Wart (Verruca)
Caused by Human Papilloma virus (80
types)
–Age group: childhood
–Incubation period – 1 to 20 months
(average 4months)
DR. Ram Sharan Mehta, MSND, CON,
BPKIHS
4. Different types of warts
1. Verruca vulgaris
2. Verruca plana
3. Filiform warts
4. Digitate warts
5. Planter warts
6. Mosaic warts
7. Genital warts (condyloma acuminta)
DR. Ram Sharan Mehta, MSND, CON,
BPKIHS
5. 1. Verruca vulgaris:
– Painless, elevated, circumscribed
– Hyperkeratotic papules and plaques
– Common sites – extremities
2. Verruca plana:
Flat papules over face
Common sites – face, back of hands
3. Filiform warts:
Occurs at angle of mouth
DR. Ram Sharan Mehta, MSND, CON,
BPKIHS
20. Warts: Treatment
• Salicylic acid 25% ointment twice daily
followed by cutting or scraping
• Preparation of salicylic acid 5-20%
• Electrodessication and curettage
• Freezing with liquid nitrogen if available.
DR. Ram Sharan Mehta, MSND, CON,
BPKIHS
21. Rx Genital warts
• Podophyllin 10-25% solution. Protect the skin
around the wart with Vaseline apply the
podophyllin with a match stick carefully on the
top of the war and wash after 6 hours. Repeat
every week. It is contraindicated in pregnancy.
• Phenol 80% can be used in the same fashion to
Podophyllin.
• Cauterization
• Topical 5% 5-fluoro-uracil cream (efudex)
• Cryotherapy with liquid nitrogen
DR. Ram Sharan Mehta, MSND, CON,
BPKIHS
23. 2. Molluscum contagiosum
–Water blister, common in childhood.
–Etiology: Pox virus
–Incubation period : 2-7 weeks
–Age group: childhood
–Sex: Male > Female
–Way of spread – skin to skin contact,
fomites, sexual transmission
DR. Ram Sharan Mehta, MSND, CON,
BPKIHS
24. • Clinical manifestations
–Asymptomatic, smooth, pearly to flesh
coloured, dome shaped papules with
central unbilication
–Size: 3-6 mm
Size:
–Number: Multiple
–Site: Any area, usually extremities
–Immuno-compromised patient: Severe
–Adult age: big growth
DR. Ram Sharan Mehta, MSND, CON,
BPKIHS
27. Treatment: Molluscum contagiosum
• In children not touching, is probably the
best approach.
• Cryosurgery - Using liquid nitrogen to
freeze the lesion
• Salicylic Acid (Compound ) - A solution
applied to the lesion with or without tape
occlusion
• Self limiting
DR. Ram Sharan Mehta, MSND, CON,
BPKIHS
28. 3. Herpes simplex
• Etiology- Herpes simplex virus (HSV) I & II
• Incidence increasing in developed country
• It is either primary or recurrent
• Clinical types: Facial oral herpes (HSV)
Genital herpes (HSV II & I)
DR. Ram Sharan Mehta, MSND, CON,
BPKIHS
29. • Primary facial oral herpes
–Incubation period: 5-10 day
–Onset with fiver, sore throat
–Painful grouped blister, ulcerative
erosion on tongue, palate, lips,
gingival and buccal mucosa
–Lymphadenopathy
DR. Ram Sharan Mehta, MSND, CON,
BPKIHS
31. • Primary genital herpes
– Source of infection – sexual exposur (95%)
– Incubation period 3-14 days
– Multiple painful grouped vesicles with painful
inguinal lymphadenopathy
– Newer lesions continue to occur till 1 week
– May last for 18-21 days
– Few cases: develop aseptic meningitis
– In female - cervicitis
DR. Ram Sharan Mehta, MSND, CON,
BPKIHS
33. Herpes infection: Treatment
• Lips: Gentian violet 0.5% is effective and if
available sunblocks reduces recurrence. Eg.
Zinc oxide paste , zinc oxide ointment or zinc
oxide and topical antiseptic or antibiotic e.g
betadine ointment 3 times daily for bacterial
super infection.
• For recurrent infections : Acyclovir 200mg PO
for 5 days can be given.
DR. Ram Sharan Mehta, MSND, CON,
BPKIHS
34. Genital herpes
• Betadine or potassium solutions sitz baths 3 times daily.
• Gentian violet 0.5%, Zinc oxide and castor oil to sooths.
• Alternatively betadine ointment or oxytetracycline
ointment 3 times daily.
• Acyclovir cream can also be given 5 times daily.
• Severe infections or infection in immunodeficient
patients: if available give acyclovir 200 -400 mg 5 times
daily for 5-10 days OR
• Famciclovir 250mg orally three times a day for 7--10
days, OR
• Valacyclovir 1 g orally twice a day for 7--10 days.
DR. Ram Sharan Mehta, MSND, CON,
BPKIHS
35. Other type of herpes simplex infection
– Herpetic whitlow, herpetic glandorium
– Keratoconjunctivities, Herpes simplex
encephalitis
– Risk factor for acquiring HIV
Diagnosis
1. Culture, Tzanck preparation
2. Serology by using monoclonal antibodies
DR. Ram Sharan Mehta, MSND, CON,
BPKIHS
37. •Treatment
–Recurrent genital and facial oral herpes
• Oral Acyclovir of any form – limited success
• Topical Acyclovir – little value
–To suppress recurrency
• Acyclovir 400 mg BD x 1 years (recurrence >
6 years)
DR. Ram Sharan Mehta, MSND, CON,
BPKIHS
38. 4. Herpes zoster
–Virus: Varicella zoster virus (VZV)
–Prodromal symptoms +
–Multiple painful vesicles in a dermatomal
distribution
–Pain – papule – vesicles – pustules –
crusting – healing
–Healing within 3 weeks
–Regional lymphadenopathy +
–Pain persists till 30 days from the onset of
skin lesions DR. Ram Sharan Mehta, MSND, CON,
BPKIHS
39. Herpes Zoster………………….
• Localized eruption, unilateral, typically
confined to one dermatome
• Prodromal paraesthesia and pain in the
area supplied by affected nerve are
common before skin lesions develop
• Post herpetic neuralgia
–Most common complication of zoster
–50% risk in patients aged over 60 years
–pain persisting for 1 month or more after
the rash
DR. Ram Sharan Mehta, MSND, CON,
BPKIHS
40. Herpes Zoster
•Local desinfection
•Acyclovir 800 mg 5x/day,
7-14 days
•Analgetics
•Amitriptyllin
DR. Ram Sharan Mehta, MSND, CON,
BPKIHS
46. Diagnosis
– Culture, Tzanck smear
Treatment
– Self limiting
– Symptomatic treatment: Analgesia, drying
agent
– Tab Acyclovir 800 mg 5 times daily x 5-7 day
DR. Ram Sharan Mehta, MSND, CON,
BPKIHS
47. 5. Ophthalmic zoster
–Involvement of ophthalmic division of
the trigeminal nerve
–corneal ulceration
–permanent scarring and loss of sight
DR. Ram Sharan Mehta, MSND, CON,
BPKIHS
48. Laboratory Diagnosis
• Early vesicular lesions are the best diagnostic
material
• Virus isolation takes from 5 days to 3 weeks
• More rapid detection is possible with
centrifugation-enhanced cultures
• Direct immunofluorescence
• DNA amplification by PCR
DR. Ram Sharan Mehta, MSND, CON,
BPKIHS
53. Chicken Pox
Clinical Features
• Incubation period: 14 – 15 days
• The patient is infectious for 2 days before and up to 5
days after onset
• The rash is most dense on the trunk and head
• Macules ---- Papules ---- Vesicles ---- Pustules
DR. Ram Sharan Mehta, MSND, CON,
BPKIHS
58. Management: Summary
1. Local disinfection
2. Acyclovir 800 mg 5times/day x 7-14 days
3. Analgesics
4. Amitrptyllin
5. Topical 5% Acyclovir 4 times x 7 days
DR. Ram Sharan Mehta, MSND, CON,
BPKIHS
59. Prevention and control of Viral skin
infection
1. Early detection and treatment
2. Enforcing the practice of good personal
hygiene, such as regular bathing, laundering
clothes, not sharing towels, soaps and wearing
sandals in communal showers.
3. Avoid contact with vesicles.
4. Herpes lesions must be completely dry and
crusted and should be covered until completely
resolved.
DR. Ram Sharan Mehta, MSND, CON,
BPKIHS
60. Prevention and control ……………..
5. Cover all warts until completely resolved.
6. Care providers should wear gloves.
7. Educating the people about prevention
strategies is an important task.
8. Warm showers are recommended in herpes
simplex in order to cleanse the infected area.
Afterwards, towel dry gently, or dry the area
with a hair dryer on a low or cool setting.
DR. Ram Sharan Mehta, MSND, CON,
BPKIHS
69. • Recurrent Genital herpes
–More in male
–Recurrence rate: 3-4 years
–Severity, duration, symptoms: less
Severity,
–Burning/tingling-vesicles
DR. Ram Sharan Mehta, MSND, CON,
BPKIHS