324 03 part 3.1 classical conditioning mechanisms

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Ryan Sain

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Contingency & Contiguity
 Contingency is a major key!
 the degree of prediction from the CS to the US effects the amount of
conditioning
 Rescorla – p(us/cs) and p(us/no cs)
 Vary these probabilities using a 2 minute tone at random intervals
 .4 that the US would occur during a CS; .2 a US would occur during a no
CS
 Contiguity also plays a role
 The shorter the ISI or TI the stronger the conditioning

CEDP 324 Ryan Sain, Ph.D. 2 3/30/2012

Compound Stimuli
 Two or more stimuli occurring
together (sound and sight -
CR) then paired with a US
 Can test the effects of this by
presenting one of the CSs
alone after pairings
 Often you get conditioning to
both
 But not always

CEDP 324 Ryan Sain, Ph.D. 3 3/30/2012

Blocking
 Kamin – conditioned suppression procedure
(css = light, tone, light tone; cr = shock)
 Two groups: blocking and control
 One stimulus seems to block conditioning to the
other – no new predictability.
Group Phase 1 Phase 2 Test Result
Phase
Blocking 1 Light Light/tone Tone Tone elicits
no CR
Control ------- Light/tone Tone Tone elicits
CR

CEDP 324 Ryan Sain, Ph.D. 4 3/30/2012

Overshadowing
 Intensity of the CS effects conditioning trials
 Loud CS and soft CS  US = CR
 Test with either CS
 +CS = CR
 -CS ≠ CR
 But you can then use the –CS by itself and
get conditioning
 One seems to overshadow the other

CEDP 324 Ryan Sain, Ph.D. 5 3/30/2012

Experience with the CS

 Latent inhibition
 Presence of a CS in the
absence of the US
 Delays acquisition in the
future
 Prediction is decreased

CEDP 324 Ryan Sain, Ph.D. 6 3/30/2012

Acquisition

• CR is increasing in strength
Strength of CR

•Learn more on early trials than on later
ones

Number of trials

CEDP 324 Ryan Sain, Ph.D. 7 3/30/2012

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324 03 part 3.1 classical conditioning mechanisms

1. Human Learning Topic 3: Part 3 Respondent Conditioning Mechanisms and Function CEDP 324 Ryan Sain, Ph.D. 1 3/30/2012

2. Contingency & Contiguity  Contingency is a major key!  the degree of prediction from the CS to the US effects the amount of conditioning  Rescorla – p(us/cs) and p(us/no cs)  Vary these probabilities using a 2 minute tone at random intervals  .4 that the US would occur during a CS; .2 a US would occur during a no CS  Contiguity also plays a role  The shorter the ISI or TI the stronger the conditioning CEDP 324 Ryan Sain, Ph.D. 2 3/30/2012

3. Compound Stimuli  Two or more stimuli occurring together (sound and sight - CR) then paired with a US  Can test the effects of this by presenting one of the CSs alone after pairings  Often you get conditioning to both  But not always CEDP 324 Ryan Sain, Ph.D. 3 3/30/2012

4. Blocking  Kamin – conditioned suppression procedure (css = light, tone, light tone; cr = shock)  Two groups: blocking and control  One stimulus seems to block conditioning to the other – no new predictability. Group Phase 1 Phase 2 Test Result Phase Blocking 1 Light Light/tone Tone Tone elicits no CR Control ------- Light/tone Tone Tone elicits CR CEDP 324 Ryan Sain, Ph.D. 4 3/30/2012

5. Overshadowing  Intensity of the CS effects conditioning trials  Loud CS and soft CS  US = CR  Test with either CS  +CS = CR  -CS ≠ CR  But you can then use the –CS by itself and get conditioning  One seems to overshadow the other CEDP 324 Ryan Sain, Ph.D. 5 3/30/2012

6. Experience with the CS  Latent inhibition  Presence of a CS in the absence of the US  Delays acquisition in the future  Prediction is decreased CEDP 324 Ryan Sain, Ph.D. 6 3/30/2012

7. Acquisition • CR is increasing in strength Strength of CR •Learn more on early trials than on later ones Number of trials CEDP 324 Ryan Sain, Ph.D. 7 3/30/2012

324 03 part 3.1 classical conditioning mechanisms

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324 03 part 3.1 classical conditioning mechanisms