This document provides an overview of human genetics concepts and applications. It discusses that genetics is the study of inherited traits and genes, which contain DNA instructions for protein production. The human genome was sequenced in 2000. Genetic testing can detect health-related variants and provide risk information. Counseling helps explain genetic testing results. Examples of tests include those for cystic fibrosis and certain cancers. DNA and RNA are described, as are genes, alleles, chromosomes, karyotypes, levels of biological organization, genotypes, phenotypes, pedigrees, populations, and evolution. Applications of genetics include forensics, health care, agriculture, and ecology.