SHORT WAVE DIATHERMY

1. SHORTWAVE DIATHERMY

2. APPLICATION OF HIGH FREQUENCY
ELECTROMAGNETIC ENERGYTHAT IS
PRIMARILY USEDTO GENERATE HEAT IN
BODYTISSUES.
HEAT IS PRODUCED BY RESISTANCEOFTHE
PASSAGEOFTHE ENERGY
IT IS ALSO USEDTO PRODUCE NON
THERMAL EFFECT

3. PHYSIOLOGICAL RESPONSE TO
DIATHERMY
• THERMAL EFFECT
TISSUETEMP RISE
INCREASE BLOOD FLOW
DILATATIONOFTHE BLOODVESSELS
INCREASETISSUE METABOLIC RATE
ALTERATION IN PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF
FIBROUSTISSUE
DECREASED JOINT STIFFNESS
MUSCLE RELAXATION

4. LEHMANN STATEDTHATTEMPERATURE
INCREASE OF 1 C CAN REDUCE MILD
INFLAMATION, INCREASE METABOLISM
2TO 3 CWILL DECREASE PAIN AND MUSCLE
SPASM.
3TO 4 C ABOVE BASELINEWILL INCREASE
TISSUE EXTENSIBILITY(CONNECTIVE
TISSUE PROBLEM)

5. SUBCUTANEOUSADIPOSETISSUE
THICKNESS MAY AFFECTTHE ABILITY OF
SWDTO PENITRATETO DEEPERTISSUES

6.  NONTHERMAL EFFECT
PSWD USED FOR ITS NONTHERMAL EFFECTS
INTHETREATMENTOF SOFTTISSUE
INJURIES ANDWOUNDS

7. SWD EQUIPMENT
 THEREARETHREE FREQUENCIES OF SWD
1 27.12MHz WITHWAVE LENGTH OF 11M
2 13.56MHz WITH AWAVE LENGTH OF 22M
3 40.68MHzWITH AWAVE LENGTH OF 7.5 M

8. • POWER SUPPLYTHAT PROVIDES POWER
TO A RADIO FREQUENCY OSCILLATOR
• RADIO FREQUENCY OSCILLATOR
PROVIDES STABLE , DRIFT FREE
OSCILLATIONSAT A REQUERED
FREQUENCY.

9.  OUTPUT RESONANT TUNES INTHE
PATIENTAS PART OFTHE CIRCUIT AND
ALLOWS MAXIMUM POWERTO BE
TRANSFERREDTO PATIENT

10.  POWER AMPLIFIER GENERATESTHE
POWER REQUIREDTO DRIVETHE
DIFFERENTTYPES OF ELECTRODE

12.  SWD IS DELIVEREDTOTHE PATIENTVIA
EITHER CAPACITANCE OR INDUCTION
TECHNIQUES.
 EACH OFTHESETECHNIQUES CAN AFFECT
DIFFERENT BIOLOGICAL TISSUES, AND
SELECTION OFTHE APPROPRIATE
ELECTRODES IS ESSENTIAL FOR EFFECTIVE
TREATMENT
 SWD USES SEVERALTYPES OF APPLICATORS
OR ELECTRODES, INCLUDING AIR SPACE
PLATES , PAD ELECTRODES, CABLE
ELECTRODES OR DRUM ELECTRODES
SWD ELECTRODES

13.  CAPACITOR ELECTRODES
THE CAPACITANCETECHNIUE CREATESA
STRONGER ELECTRICAL FIELD
WITH INTHE BODYTHEREARE MANY FREE
IONSTHATARE POSITIVELY OR
NEGATIVELY CHARGED
POSITIVE CHARGED ELECTRODEWILL REPEL
POSITIVELY CHARGED IONS AND ATTRACT
NEGATIVE CHARGED IONS.

14. NEGATIVE ELECTRODEWILL REPEL
NEGATIVE IONS AND ATTRACT POSITIVE
IONS
INTENSITY OFTHE ELECTRICAL FIELD IS
DETERMINED BYTHE SPACING OFTHE
ELECTRODESAND IS GREATESTWHEN
THEY ARE CLOSETOGETHER.
CENTER OFTHIS ELECTRICAL FIELD HAS A
HIGHER CURRENT DENSITYTHAN
PERIPHERY.

15.  HERETHE PATIENT IS PLACED BETWEEN
TWO ELECTRODESAND BECOMES PART OF
CIRCUIT.
 ELECTRICAL FIELD IS CREATED INTISSUES ,
THETISSUETHAT OFFERSTHE GREATEST
RESISTANCETO CURRENT FLOWTENDSTO
DEVELOPTHE HEAT
 TISSUEWITH HIGH FAT CONTENT TENDTO
INSULATEAND RESISTTHE PASSAGE OFAN
ELECTRICAL FIELD.

16.  SUB CUTANEOUS FATTENDTO OVERHEAT
WHEN AN ELECTRICAL FIELD IS USED

17.  AIR SPACE PLATES
TWO METAL PLATESWITH A DIAMETER OF
7.5 – 17.5CM SURROUNDED BY A GLASS OR
PLASTIC PLATE GUARD.
METAL PLATES MAY BE ADJUSTEDAPPROX.
3CMWITH INTHE PLATE GUARD ,THUS
CHANGINGTHE DISTANCE FROMTHE SKIN.

18.  AIR SPACE PLATES PRODUCE HIGH
FREQUENCY OSCILLATING CURRENTTHAT
IS PASSEDTHROUGH EACH PLATE
MILLIONS OFTIMES PER SECOND

19.  WHEN ONE PLATE IS OVERLOADED IT
DISCHARGESTO OTHER PLATE OF LOWER
POTENTIAL .
 THIS IS REVERSED MILLIONS OFTIMES PER
SECOND
 SENSATIONOF HEATTENDSTO BE
INDIRECT PROPORTIONTOTHE DISTANCE
OFTHE PLATE FROM SKIN

20.  CLOSERTHE PLATETO SKIN MORE ENERGY
TRANSMISSION
 CLOSER PLATEWILL ALSO GENERATE
MORE SURFACE HEAT IN SKIN AND
SUBCUTANEOUS FAT INTHATAREA
 BODY PARTSWITH LOW SUBCUTANEOUS
FAT CONTENTCAN BE EFFECTIVELY
TREATEDTHAN OTHER BODY AREA
 EFFECTIVE FORTREATING SPINE AND RIBS

21.  PAD ELECTRODES
THEY MUST HAVE UNIFORM CONTACT
PRESSURE ONTHE BODY PART
SEVERAL LAYERS OFTOWELING ARE
NECESSARY FOR SUFFICIENT SPACE
BETWEENTHE SKIN AND PAD
PAD SHOULD BE SEPERATED SOTHEY ARE
ATLEASTAS FAR APART ASTHE CROSS
SECTIONAL DIAMETER OFTHE PADS

23. IFTHE PADS ARE 15 CM ACROSS ,THENTHERE
SHOULD BE ATLEAST 15 CM BETWEEN
PADS.
CLOSERTHE SPACING OF PADS , HIGHERTHE
CURRENT DENSITY INTHE SUPERFICIAL
TISSUES
INCREASINGTHE SPACE BETWEENTHE PADS
WILL INCREASETHE DEPTH OF
PENETRATION INTHETISSUES
PART OFTHE BODYTO BETREATED SHOULD
BE IN CENTER BETWEENTHE PADS

25. POSITIONING OF ELECTRODES
 CONTRAPLANAR POSITIONING
ELECTRODES PLACED OVER OPP ASPECTS
OFTRUNK.
ELECTRODES SHOULD BE PARALLELTO
SKIN.

26.  COPLANAR POSITIONING
ELECTRODESARE PLACED SIDE BY SIDE

27.  MONOPOLARTECH.
ACTIVE ELECTRODE IS PLACED OVERTHE
SITE OF LESION, INDIFFERENT ELECTRODE
APPLIED SOME DISTANT PART OF BODY.

28.  CROSS FIRETREATMENT
HALFTREATMENT IS GIVENWITHTHE
ELECTRODES IN ONE POSITION.THEN
ARRANGEMENT IS CHANGED SO ELECTRIC
FIELD LIES AT RIGHT ANGLE
EG KNEE ANT POST,LAT MED

30. INDUCTOR ELECTRODE
 CREATESA STRONGER MAGNETIC FIELD
 CABLE OR COIL IS EITHERWRAPPED
CIRCUMFERENTIALLY AROUNDAN
EXTREMITY OR COILEDWITH IN AN
ELECTRODE
 CURRENT IS PASSEDTHROUGHA COILED
CABLE , A MAGNETIC FIELD IS PRODUCED
THAT CANAFFECT SURROUNDINGTISSUES
BY INDUCING LOCALIZED SECONDARY
CURRENTS CALLED EDDY CURRENTSWITH
INTHETISSUE

31.  EDDY CURRENTSARE SMALL CIRCULAR
ELECTRICAL FIELDS , ANDTHE
INTERMOLECULAR
OSCILLATION(VIBRATION) OFTISSUE
CONTENTSCAUSE HEAT GENERATION.
 PATIENT IS IN MAGNETIC FIELD AND IS NOT
PART OFTHE CIRCUIT,THUS GREATEST
CURRENT FLOW ISTHROUGHTHETISSUES
WITH LEAST RESISTANCE.

32. TISSUESTHATARE HIGH IN ELECTROLITE
CONTENT RESPOND BESTTOTHE
MAGNETIC FIELD BY PRODUCING HEAT.
IFTHE ENERGY IS OWING PRIMARILYTO
GENERATIONOF MAGNETIC FIELD ,
HEATING MAY NOT BE OBVIOUSTOTHE
PATIENT.

33. DRUM ELECTRODE
 PRODUCES MAGNETIC FIELD
 MADE OF ONE OR MORE MONOPOLAR COILSTHAT
ARE RIGIDILY FIXED INSIDE SOME KIND OF HOUSING.
 FORTREATING SMALLER AREA ONE DRUM SET UP IS
FINE.
 LARGER AREA 2 OR MORE DRUMS WHICH MAY BE ON
A HINGED APPARATUS

34.  PENITRATION WILL BE 2-3 CM IFTHE SKIN IS 1
– 2 CM AWAY FROM DRUM.
 MAGNETIC FIELD MAY BE SIGNIFICANT UPTO
5CM AWAY FROMTHE DRUM.
 LIGHTTOWEL SHOULD BE KEPT IN CONTACT
WITHTHE SKIN AND BETWEENTHE DRUM
ANDTHE SKIN FOR ABSORBING MOISTURE
BECAUSE AN ACCUMULATION OF WATER
DROPLETS WOULDTENDTO OVERHEAT AND
CAUSE HOT SPOTS ONTHE SURFACE.

35.  MORETHAN 2CM FAT ,TISSUETEMP.
UNDERTHE FATWILL NOT INCREASE
 THE MAX PENITRATION OF SWDWITH
DRUM ELECTRDE IS 3CM (WITH NOT MORE
THAN 2CM FAT BENEATHTHE SKIN.

38. CABLE ELECTRODES
TWOTYPE OF ARRANGEMENT
 1 PAN CAKE COIL
 2WRAP AROUND COIL
PAN CAKE COIL IS USED ,THE SIZE OFTHE
SMALLER CIRCLE SHOULD BE GREATER
THAN 6 INCHES IN DIAMETER
1 CMOFTOWELING BETWEEN CABLE AND
SKIN USED IN BOTH ARRANGEMENT

39.  STIFF SPACERS SHOULD BE USEDTO KEEPTHE COILS
ORTHETURNS OFTHE PAN CAKE ORTHEWRAP
AROUND COIL BETWEEN 5AND 10 CM BETWEEN
TURNS OF CABLE FOR SPACING CONSISTANCY.
 IT IS IMPTHAT CABLES NOTTOUCH EACH OTHER
BECAUSETHEY SHORT OUT AND CAUSE EXCESSIVE
HEAT BUILDUP.
 DIATHERMY UNITSTHAT OPERATE ON A FREQUENCY
OF 13.56MHZ ARE USED FOR CABLE ELECTRODE
APPLICATION

45. TESTING OF THE MACHINE
 CONDENSER ELECTRODESARE ARRANGED
OPPOSITETO EACH OTHER WITH A GAP IN
BETWEEN.
 THERAPIST PLACETHE HANDS BETWEEN
THE ELECTRODE , SWITCH ON,TUNESTHE
MACHINE.THEN INCREASETHE CURRENT
UNTIL COMFORTABLEWARMTH IS FELT.
 CABLE- ARRANGED IN SINGLE LOOP ,
TESTEDWITH NEONTUBE, OR KEEP HAND

46. INDICATION
 EFFECT ON INFLAMATION
 EFFECT ON BACTERIAL INFECTION
 TRAUMATICCONDITION
 REDUCING HEALING PROCESS
 RELIEF OF PAIN
 MUSCLE RELAXATION

47. DANGERS
 BURNS
 SCALDS
 ELECTRIC SHOCK
 SPARKING

48. CONTRA INDICATION
 PREGNANCY
 METAL INTISSUE
 TUMOURS
 ARTERIAL DISEASES
 VENOUSTHROMBOSIS
 HAEMORRHAGE

49. PULSED SWD
 PULSED ELECTROMAGNETIC ENERGY-
INTERRUPTINGTHE OUTPUT OF
CONTINUOUS SWD AT REGULAR INTERVAL
 FREQ IS SAMEAS SWD
 PULSE FREQ IS BETWEEN 25 AND 600
PULSE PER SEC, PULSEWIDTH IS BETWEEN
20 AND 40 MICRO SEC
 BY ADDING REST PERIODTOTHE
TREATMENT ,THE AVG POWER IS REDUCED

50.  THE HEAT DEVELOPED INTHETISSUES IS
DISPERSED BYTHE CIRCULATIONAND
TREATMENT ISTHUS REFEREDTO
NONTHERMAL EFFECT
 PSWD INCREASETHE CELLULAR ACTIVITY,
INCREASETHE REABSORPTIONOF
HEMATOMA, REDUCESTHE INFLAMATION ,
REDUCE SWELLING AND INCREASETHE
REPAIR PROCESS

51.  TREATMENT DURATIONVARIES FROM 15
TO 60 MIN AND INDICATIONAND CONTR
INDICATION SIMILARTO SWD