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1 de 21
3)Nationalities
4)Stem changers
5)Para
6)IOPs
7) Pronoun placement
8)Gustar
9) Affirmative and negative words
10)Superlatives
11) Reflexives
12)Affirmative tú commands / irregulars/pronoun placement
13) Negative tú commands /irregualrs/pronoun placement
14) Sequencing events
15)Preterites
16)Trigger words
17)Car, Gar,Zar
18)Deber +infinitive
19)Modal verbs
20)Present progressive
21)adverbs
Dormir o >ue         Pensar e> ie
 duermo duermes       pienso piensas
duerme dormemos      piensa pensamos
    duermen              piensan


   Jugar u> ue          Pedir e>I
juego juegas juega   pido pides pide
  jugamos juegan     pedimos piden
Affirmative tu                       Pronoun
                       irregulars
   commands                           placement
• Drop the “s”     • Decir – de     • Infinitive
• Ar > e           • Hacer- haz     • Gerund
• Er, ir >a        • Ir – ve        • Before
                   • Poner – pon      conjugate verb
                   • Salir – sal    • Affirmative
                   • Ser – sé         command
                   • Tener – ten    • Ex : comela!
                                      Tocala!
                   • Venir - ven
Use Para to    •El regalo para tu
indicate the     mamá
 recipient of
    items

               •Vamos al
The purpose is
   implied
                restaurante
                para comer
Me
  To whom                                                  Nos
                                 Te
For whom                                                   Les
                                 Le


               Doy flores
           Le doy las flores a        Le las doy= se las
              mi maestra                     doy
4)Place the
pronoun
before a
              1)Attach the pronoun to
conjugated
verb
              the infinitive
              2)Attach the pronoun to
              a progressive tense
              3)Attach the pronoun to
              an affirmative command
singular                 plural

 Me gusta   nos gusta     Me gustan    nos gustan

 Te gusta    os gusta     Te gustan    os gustan

 Le gusta    les gusta    Le gustan   les gustan
•Algo = something


Affirmative
              •Alguien = someone
              •Algún/alguno = some
              •Siempre = always
              •También = also


              •Nada = nothing


 Negative
              •Nadie = no one
              •Ningún/ninguno = none, not any
              •Nunca = never
              •Tampoco = neither , either




examples      •Algo de tomar? ( affirmative)
              •Por ahora nada más ( negative)
The suffix –ísmo , -ísimos , - ísima, - ísimas are added to adjectives and
adverbs
It is equivalent to extremely or very befroe an adjective or adverb




Malo> malísimo
Muchas > muchísimas
Dificil > difílisimo


Adjust advs ending in c, g or z change spelling to qu, gu, and c respectively
Rico> riquísimo
Larga> larguísima
Feliz >felícismo
Adjs that end in N or R form by adding císimo
Joven> jovencísimo
Trabajador> trabadorcísimo
1) In the reflexive construction the subject is also
                     the object
 2) A person does as well as recieves the action



3)The subject the pronoun and the verb are all in
                  the same fun



Examples: Yo me levanto a las ocho de la mañana
          Ella se despierta muy temprano
        Nosotros nos acostamos muy tarde
Negative tu                                Pronoun
                      irregulars
 commands                                  placement
• Put in Yo form   • Dar/Decir – no      • Infinitive
  change vowel       des/digas           • Gerund
  add “s”          • Ir – no vayas       • Before conjugate
                   • Ser – no seas         verb
• Ar- e
                   • Hacer – no hagas    • affirmative
• Er/ir - a        • Estar – no estés      command
                   • Saber- sepas        • Ex: no la comas !
                   • Tener – no tengas     no la toques!
                   • Venir – no vengas
Por la
  Primero- first         Por fin - finally    mañana/tarde/noche-
                                                in/ during the …


                                                   Los lunes, Martes
                                                    ,Miercoles – on
   Entonces – then       Antes de - before
                                                Monday, Tuesdays, Wedn
                                                         esdays




                                                Los Jueves y Viernes – on
Luego/ despúes - after   Despúes de - after
                                                  Thursdays and Fridays
   it is a perfected action in the past

                   •é     amos
         Ar        • aste
                   •ó     aron


                   •í       imos
                   • iste
                   • ió     ieron
Un dia               A noche
                                     El mes pasado
Una vez          Hace un año
                                          Ante ayer
 Ayer                  ya


                            A las ocho
        Por una hora
                               El cinco
           Por fin
                               febrero
tocar     jugar     comenzar
 Toqué     Jugué     Comencé
Tocaste   Jugaste    Comenzaste
 tocó      jugó       comenzó


Tocamos   Jugamos   Comenzamos
tocaron   jugaron    comenzaron
To say what people should
 so use a conjugated form
          of deber



 Debes limpiar la cocina




  Debe sacar la basura
The 2nd verb
 When verbs          is not      You should
 are used in    conjugated        never say
 modal verb    but rather left   “no pudeo
combinations        in the         nado”
               infinitive form
AR,ER/IR           rule

•Estoy           •Attach the
 esperando        present
•Estas leyendo    progressive to
•Estan            the end of the
 diciendo         conjugated
                  estar
   When an adjective ends in e l or z add
    mente to the end
       Reciente
       recientemente

       Frecuente
       frecuentemente

       Fácil
       fácilmente

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Grammar book

  • 1.
  • 2. 3)Nationalities 4)Stem changers 5)Para 6)IOPs 7) Pronoun placement 8)Gustar 9) Affirmative and negative words 10)Superlatives 11) Reflexives 12)Affirmative tú commands / irregulars/pronoun placement 13) Negative tú commands /irregualrs/pronoun placement 14) Sequencing events 15)Preterites 16)Trigger words 17)Car, Gar,Zar 18)Deber +infinitive 19)Modal verbs 20)Present progressive 21)adverbs
  • 3.
  • 4. Dormir o >ue Pensar e> ie duermo duermes pienso piensas duerme dormemos piensa pensamos duermen piensan Jugar u> ue Pedir e>I juego juegas juega pido pides pide jugamos juegan pedimos piden
  • 5. Affirmative tu Pronoun irregulars commands placement • Drop the “s” • Decir – de • Infinitive • Ar > e • Hacer- haz • Gerund • Er, ir >a • Ir – ve • Before • Poner – pon conjugate verb • Salir – sal • Affirmative • Ser – sé command • Tener – ten • Ex : comela! Tocala! • Venir - ven
  • 6. Use Para to •El regalo para tu indicate the mamá recipient of items •Vamos al The purpose is implied restaurante para comer
  • 7. Me To whom Nos Te For whom Les Le Doy flores Le doy las flores a Le las doy= se las mi maestra doy
  • 8. 4)Place the pronoun before a 1)Attach the pronoun to conjugated verb the infinitive 2)Attach the pronoun to a progressive tense 3)Attach the pronoun to an affirmative command
  • 9. singular plural Me gusta nos gusta Me gustan nos gustan Te gusta os gusta Te gustan os gustan Le gusta les gusta Le gustan les gustan
  • 10. •Algo = something Affirmative •Alguien = someone •Algún/alguno = some •Siempre = always •También = also •Nada = nothing Negative •Nadie = no one •Ningún/ninguno = none, not any •Nunca = never •Tampoco = neither , either examples •Algo de tomar? ( affirmative) •Por ahora nada más ( negative)
  • 11. The suffix –ísmo , -ísimos , - ísima, - ísimas are added to adjectives and adverbs It is equivalent to extremely or very befroe an adjective or adverb Malo> malísimo Muchas > muchísimas Dificil > difílisimo Adjust advs ending in c, g or z change spelling to qu, gu, and c respectively Rico> riquísimo Larga> larguísima Feliz >felícismo Adjs that end in N or R form by adding císimo Joven> jovencísimo Trabajador> trabadorcísimo
  • 12. 1) In the reflexive construction the subject is also the object 2) A person does as well as recieves the action 3)The subject the pronoun and the verb are all in the same fun Examples: Yo me levanto a las ocho de la mañana Ella se despierta muy temprano Nosotros nos acostamos muy tarde
  • 13. Negative tu Pronoun irregulars commands placement • Put in Yo form • Dar/Decir – no • Infinitive change vowel des/digas • Gerund add “s” • Ir – no vayas • Before conjugate • Ser – no seas verb • Ar- e • Hacer – no hagas • affirmative • Er/ir - a • Estar – no estés command • Saber- sepas • Ex: no la comas ! • Tener – no tengas no la toques! • Venir – no vengas
  • 14. Por la Primero- first Por fin - finally mañana/tarde/noche- in/ during the … Los lunes, Martes ,Miercoles – on Entonces – then Antes de - before Monday, Tuesdays, Wedn esdays Los Jueves y Viernes – on Luego/ despúes - after Despúes de - after Thursdays and Fridays
  • 15. it is a perfected action in the past •é amos Ar • aste •ó aron •í imos • iste • ió ieron
  • 16. Un dia A noche El mes pasado Una vez Hace un año Ante ayer Ayer ya A las ocho Por una hora El cinco Por fin febrero
  • 17. tocar jugar comenzar Toqué Jugué Comencé Tocaste Jugaste Comenzaste tocó jugó comenzó Tocamos Jugamos Comenzamos tocaron jugaron comenzaron
  • 18. To say what people should so use a conjugated form of deber Debes limpiar la cocina Debe sacar la basura
  • 19. The 2nd verb When verbs is not You should are used in conjugated never say modal verb but rather left “no pudeo combinations in the nado” infinitive form
  • 20. AR,ER/IR rule •Estoy •Attach the esperando present •Estas leyendo progressive to •Estan the end of the diciendo conjugated estar
  • 21. When an adjective ends in e l or z add mente to the end Reciente recientemente Frecuente frecuentemente Fácil fácilmente