2. Demography
Is the statistical analysis and description of
population aggregates with reference to the
distribution, vital statistics, age, sex and
related factors.
This field requires competence in
mathematics, so that no attempt is made in
this book to teach formal demography.

4.  In 1980, the Philippines registered a total population of
48,098,460. With a total land area of 300,000 square
kilometers, the population density (number of persons per
square kilometer of land area) of the country has
therefore increased very much.
 The Filipinos are projected to count at 57.6 million by the
end of the year 1987 or an additional of a million to the 56
growth rate of 2.3 per cent compared to 2.7 percent
measured in the 1980 census which counted a 48 million
population.
 Based on the 2.3 per cent growth, the agency estimated
that Filipinos will number 57,356,042 with the males
numbering 28,795,983 and the females 28,560,059.

5.  Metro Manila females will total 3.7 million and
males, 3.4 million. In Ilocos, there will be 1.99 million
females against 1.96 million males.
 Using the medium assumption or estimate, the
agency projected the national population to stand at
69.9 million by year 2000 which is just 13 years away.
The high estimate gives 75 million figures.
 The Population Commission demographic experts’
assessment resulted in the warning that only 70
million people can be decently supported by the
country’s natural resources in terms of self-sufficiency
in food and other basic human needs.

7. The total number of families in the country in
1985 was placed at 9.566 million, one and a
half times bigger than the number reported in
1971 at 6.347 million and more than twice the
figure 24 years before in 1961 at 4.426
Data at the labor department’s statistics
service showed that the majority of the
families (5.964 million) lived in the rural areas
although a substantial number (3.602 million)
resided in urban centers

8. The dominant family size was five person
(17.3 percent) but three to seven-person
families was also in relatively large numbers
A slightly higher average was computed for
urban families (5.6 persons) compared to
rural-based families (5.4 persons).

9. Year
Both Sexes
Male
Female
2000
76,946,500
38,748,500
38,198,000
2005
85,261,000
42,887,300
42,373,700
2010
94,013,200
47,263,600
46,749,600
2015
102,965,300
51,733,400
51,231,900
2020
111,784,600
56,123,600
55,661,000
2025
120,224,500
60,311,700
59,912,800
2030
128,110,000
64,203,600
63,906,400
2035
135,301,100
67,741,300
67,559,800
2040
141,669,900
70,871,100
70,798,800

10. Year
Growth Rate
2000-2005
2.05
2005-2010
1.95
2010-2015
1.82
2015-2020
1.64
2020-2025
1.46
2025-2030
1.27
2030-2035
1.09
2035-2040
0.92

12. Sustained fertility:
 Certain Filipino customs, traditions, and beliefs contribute
to the high population growth rate. Having a large family
is traditional to us. Parents derive satisfaction from having
many children who will perpetuate their name and
support them at old age;
 Few people are motivated to limit their family size;
 The availability of a number of safe, inexpensive and
effective contraceptives has not had a noticeable
restraining influence on the overall population growth;
 Early marriage;
 There is lack of control on the part of the man, specially;
and
 The permissive atmosphere which is conducive to premarital sexual relationship.

13. What is premarital sexuality?
Though a human being gains the physical
maturity of procreation at the beginning of
puberty, he/she is considered eligible for mating
and reproduction much later may be after 18
years of age or 20. And also the society insists
that a sexual practice outside a marriage is
improper and illegal at times.
Premarital sexuality is any sexual activity with an
opposite sex partner or with a same sex partner
before he/she has started a married life. The
term is usually used to refer the intercourse
before the legal age of a marriage.

14. That’s around …
 1,166,666 a month
 269230 a week
 38,461 a day
 27 every minute
 Or, around one girl every two
seconds.

15. Decline in morality due
to the following:
Advance in science and technology;
Intensified nutrition or diet;
Sanitation;
Introduction of artesian well; and
Improved ways of sewage waste.

16. This means the influx of foreigners to our country.
 Fifty-seven percent of our populations are children
who are sixteen years of age and below; so that these
portions of our population are all depending upon the
adults for support.
 The 1980 census showed that although the males
outnumber the females, the difference is no longer as
big as in 1975 where 21,276,224 are males and
20,794,436 are females.
 More than one-half of our population is engage in
agriculture, which means that most of our people live
by tilling the lands.
 Death rate is higher with the males who are always
outside the house to earn a living for the family.

18.  The Health Problem
 The Housing Problem
 Food Problem
 The Problem of Education
 Unemployment
 Family Size and Neglected Children
 Morbidity
 Death Rates
 Growth and Maturation
 Mental Function
 Parental Health
 Urban Migration, Poor Housing
 Mobility and Transiency

19. The Health Problem
with too many people we will be
incurring health problems.
there will be an annual increase for the
health budget.
people will be dying in hospitals without
getting the remedy because they are too
many.

20. The Housing Problem
there will be need for more dwelling
places every year which will lead to the
conversion of agricultural lands to residential
ones, and the people will have a very small
chance of owning larger for it will just be
good for a small house.

21. Food Problem
food will surely be insufficient. There
will be more people eating, prices of
commodities will go up, and for those people
w2ho can’t afford to buy will resort to
begging and even to a worst one, stealing
and killing.

22. The Problem of Education
because of the increasing population,
there will be a need for more classrooms and
jeepneys and other vehicles for if there will be
none, our illiteracy rate will go up and traffic
problem will become worst than ever.

23. Unemployment
unemployment has been a very serious
problem in the Philippines. With the rapid
population growth there will be a need for
opening more jobs to check unemployment
problem but which can hardly be done because
industrialists resort to machines rather than
manpower.

24. Family Size and Neglected
Children
to many advocates of birth control, its
greatest promise is that it may someday end as
one of the world’s most widespread tragedies:
the sad plight of millions of neglected children
who are denied a fair start in life. Many such
children are born unwanted to parents who
already have more than they know to care for.

25. Morbidity
this is the study of the frequency of
disease and illness in a population. The size
of the family is closely tied up with economic
limitations, with physical space and crowding
and with inadequate sanitary conditions.
These factors may fuse to produce illness.

26. Death Rates
mortality in the first two years also
increases with parity (live births) and family
size.
after an initial high mortality figure
associated with first borns, the number of
deaths in the first four weeks, one year and two
year period drops for the next two children.

27. Growth and Maturation
extensive studies done in English
indicate slower rates of growth in children
from large families. This difference has been
quantified as averaging four inches between
the first and third or later child by the age of
five years.

28. Mental Function
many studies have shown that children
of large families score significantly lower in
intelligence tests than children of small
families. This difference extends across all
social classes.

29. Parental Health
this is also related to the number of
children in the family. Peptic ulcer in men has
a positive correlation with the number of
children, while as far as women are
concerned , one study showed incidence of
rheumatic arthritis with increased number of
offspring.

30. Urban Migration, Poor Housing
and Slums
poverty and want, poor housing,
unemployment, the invasion blight and
elated conditions, individually and
collectively, have a significant bearing on all
phases of life including behavior tendencies.

31. Mobility and Transiency
an important trend in migration in the
Philippines has been the accelerated
movement of the people from rural to urban
areas. Plameras states persons who migrate
to cities from the relatively simple rural life
often experience by those who move from
one country to another.

33. “Population control is the control of the
rate of population growth. It encompasses
not only fertility and mortality for the
country as a whole, but also control of
migration for any regions of the country.”
(Tholimson, 1965)

34. Population Planning Activities
Both private and public agencies are now
actively engaged in population planning
activities. The Population Program in the
country, including the large-scale family
planning activities, has been practiced by
several couples during the early decades but
it is not quite widely used. As years passed
by, it became the concern of some
government organizations because of the
noticeable rapid expansion of population.

35. Family Planning
This is a two-way proposition. It is not simply
a way of regulating and spacing the births of
children but it also helps childless couples
find out the cause of their inability to have
children. If this can be remedied, they are
helped to become parents.
It aims to promote healthy, happy families
and to make possible greater enjoyment of
family life for both parents and children.

36.  President Aquino, however, directed the
POPCOM on March 26, 1987 to respect the
freedom of choice of couples to determine the
size of their family and give adequate and
correct information on alternative methods of
contraception.
 Social Welfare Secretary Mita Pardo De Tavera
said that “The rural poor say they need children
to help in their farms or watch over the younger
children. For as long as people are in difficulty,
they will need children to help them out”
(Manila Bulletin, March 27, 1987).

37. Population Policy
 The government’s population policy is
bring down the annual growth rate to 2
percent or below before the start the next
century. The population policies of the
Philippines have been formulated to improve
the quality of population and to change
population trends through family planning
and population redistribution.