ppt presentation

1. REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH
Roheeda Riaz Khan & Rashida Manzoor
MSN,INS, KMU
Assigned By: Mr Sardar Ali, Lecturer INS/KMU

3. The aim of this session is to know the
definition and description of
reproductive health in general and key
issues of reproductive and post
productive age in particular.
Aim of the session

4. Objectives
Define reproductive health .
Explore issue in the reproductive health .
Identify the different elements of reproductive Health.
Describe Globally maternal mortality ratio.
Enumerate the Statistics of reproductive Health and
Demographic Indicators in Pakistan.
Elaborate Reproductive Health: Life Cycle Approach.

5. Definition
The WHO defines reproductive health as a state of
complete physical, mental and social well-being, and
not merely the absence of reproductive disease or
infirmity. Reproductive health is a fundamental
component of an individual's overall health status
and a central determinant of quality of life.
(WHO,2015)

6. Reproductive Health
Let see audience views

8. Life cycle approaches
Stages of life
cycle
Health issues
prevention/man
agement
Perinatal
 Fetal death
 IUD
 Low birth wt.
 Immunizable
diseases
 Perinatal care
 Nutrition
 Immunization
Infancy
 Abnormal
growth
 Malnutrition
 Communicable
diseases
 Accidents
 abuse
 Care of mother and child
 Immunization
 Breast feeding
 Growth monitoring
 Health education:
 ORS, Accident, abuse ,
sign and symptoms of
RTI, Diarrhea etc.

9. Reproductive Health Issues
Child-hood
1-10 years
 Abnormal growth
 Malnutrition
 Infectious
diseases
 Accidents
 abuses
 Growth monitoring
 Health education:
 ORS, Accident,
abuse , sign and
symptoms of RTI,
Diarrhea etc.
Adolescent
11-18
 Unhealthy life style
 Early marriage
 Unwanted pregnancies
 Morbidities due to
early pregnancy
 STI,
 Hard to reach
 Education on
Healthy life style
 Nutrition and
fertility awareness
 FP information
and services
 Counselling
 Treatment of STI

10.  Unhealthy life style
 Nutrition problem
 Menstrual
abnormalities
 Breast lump, cancers
 Anemia, Benign
tumors
 Leucorrhoea
 Violence against
women and man
 Balance diet,
 Education
 Screening
 Early diagnose and treatment
 Counselling
 MMR
 Maternal care
 Family planning information and
services
 Infertility diagnose and referral
 STI management and treatment.
 Sexual Dysfunction
 Osteoporosis
 Cancer of
reproductive health
 Coping disorder
 Depression
 Counselling
 Nutrition
 Supportive care
 Early diagnose and treatment
Post
menopausal
Reproductive
Years 22-45
yrs

11. Elements of Reproductive Health
• Access to quality service to management of complication
from unsafe abortion.
• Post abortion family planning counselling
• Access to quality of family planning service
• Prevention and treatment of reproductive track infections,
including sexual transmitted diseases.

12. Elements of Reproductive Health
• Management of menopause
• Facilities to receive referral for infertility and all morbid
conditions related to reproduction.
• Appropriate sexual and reproductive information for
adolescents
• Elimination of harmful culture practices
(WHO , 2015)

13. Total fertility
rate
Antenatal care
coverage
Low birth
weight
prevalence
Prevalence of
anemia in
women
Availability of
basic essential
obstetric care
Contraceptive
prevalence
Maternal
mortality ratio
Perinatal
mortality rate
Prevalence of
infertility in
women
Reproductive Health Indicators

14. Statistics of Pakistan , health and
demographic Data
Total population (193,203,000)
Population growth 20%
IMR 298 000 annually, 49 per 1000 live
births,
7% of global neonatal deaths
MMR 340
Birth 39/1000
Deaths 11/1000
FP awareness 97%
FP Users 30%
ANC urban 66.8%
ANC , Rural 87.6

15. Causes OF Maternal Mortality in Pakistan

16. Causes Still Births in Pakistan

17. Causes of Under Five Years Mortality in
Pakistan

19. Global Estimate of New Cases of STI in 2012

20. Rights and principles of reproductive Health
• Right of care to ensure highest level of sexual and reproductive health.
• Right to freely decide to have number of children and spacing.
• Right to have all information regarding family planning services with
access to contraceptive resources.
(WHO , 2015)

21. Global Strategy for Women's, Children's and
Adolescents' Health (2016-2030) by WHO
Survive and
preventable
deaths
THRIVE
Ensure
health and
well being
Transform
Expand
enabling
environments
Leave no one
behind
Cross cutting
 Adolescent
deaths
 MMR
 IMR
 Still birth
 <5 deaths
 Adolescent
birth rate
 Stunted children
 Govt health
expenditures
 Sexual
reproductive
health and
rights
 Universal health
coverage
 STIs
 Birth
registration
 Education
 Improve
sanitation
 Sexual
violence
prevention
 Human
Right
 Health
Equity
 Humanitaria
n risk
manageme
nt

23. Social Causes of Maternal Mortality
Delay in decision to seek care
Delay in reaching care
Delay in receiving care

24. Knowledge of Reproductive Health
Attitudes and Practice of Family Planning
Other Reproductive Health Concerns of Men e.g
seeking treatment from hakims, quacks
Mehmood &nayab ,2009
Reproductive Health Issues of Men in
Pakistan

25. .
STDs Non STDs
Bacterial
vaginosis, Obs
related
infections
Gonorrhea ,
syphilis,
Chlamydia,
trichomonas's
Viral
infections,
Cancer
Incurable
Curable
Disabilities

26. Reproductive health problems
WOMEN
 Amenorrhea
 Dysmenorrhea
 Menorrhagia
 Metrorhagia
 Premenstrual Syndrome
 Endometriosis
 Infertility
 Sexual Dysfunction
 Dyspareunia
 Frigidity
MEN
• Epididymitis
• Prostatitis
• Infertility
• Premature Ejaculation
• Impotence
• Lack of knowledge

27. Sulphingitis
Oophritis
Puerperal sepsis
Neoplasms of
reproductive organ
Carcinomas
Leiomyoma's
Hydetidiform mole
Reproductive health problems
PID
Infertility
Ectopic Pregnancy
Abortions
Morning sickness
Hyperemesis Gravidm
PET
PID:Genorhea,Chlamydia,Stre
ptocuccus,Staphylococcus
Endometritis
(WHO , 2015)

28. Reproductive health problems
Women
• Puerperal sepsis
• Post partum infection
• Pre term delivery
• Premature rupture of
membranes
Infant
• Still birth
• RDS
• Low birth weight
• Sepsis
• Birth defects and
anomalies

30. Global Burden of Selected
Diseases in Children Under 5 Years
Lancet ,2013

31. Components of Adolescent R H programs
Identify and understand the group
Involvement of adolescents in program
work with community leaders and parents
Remove policy barriers
Help to rehearse skills in avoiding risk
Link information to services
Offer role models

32. Ensuring reproductive Health
Ensure universal access to comprehensive sexual and reproductive
health services
Strengthen maternal health services to reduce maternal mortality
and morbidity
Increase access to sexual and reproductive health information and
services for adolescents and youth
Invest in health systems with more efficient allocation of resources
Strengthen women’s empowerment and reduce gender inequality

33. Sexual history, physical exam
Pelvic examination
PAP smear
Laparoscopy
Mammography
Ultrasound
Rectal Exam
Cystoscopy
Lancet ,2013
Diagnostic Procedures for Reproductive
Diseases

34. Summary
• Reproductive health for male and female are
important.
• One must take acre of fetus, neonate, child ,
adolescent and finally the age of reproductive and
post productive age.
• Every problem in the life must be clearly taken care
by every member of the society to fulfill the need of
a healthy community.

35. References
• Bhutta et al(2013)Reproductive, maternal, newborn, and child
health in Pakistan: challenges and opportunities; Lancet 2013;
381: 2207–18
• El- Saharty (2014)Pakistan: Maternal and Reproductive Health
at a Glance; HNPGP Knowledge Brief
• John Hopkins University(2006). Reproductive Health and its
Components
• Mahmood .N &-Nayab.D(2000)An Analysis of Reproductive
Health Issues in Pakistan; The Pakistan Development Review
39 : 4 . 675–693 .
• Trends in maternal mortality: 1990 to 2015. Estimates by
WHO, UNICEF, UNFPA, the World Bank and the United
Nations Population Division. Geneva: World Health
Organization; 2015