1. Artificial Intelligence
“Let’s push the limits of possibilities”
Submitted to:
Prof Subhra Mathur
By: Rajan Kumar
CSE-3rd B, Roll no-12
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2. Overview
Introduction
Possibilities
What is needed to make AI
Programing for AI
Achievements till now
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3. Introduction
Definition:
‘Ability to learn and apply them to solve problems is
called intelligence.’
Now, the branch of Engineering which is dedicated to
make computers behave like humans is called
Artificial Intelligence.
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4. Introduction
Specifications:
games playing: programming computers to play games
such as chess and checkers.
expert systems : programming computers to make
decisions in real-life situations (for example, some expert
systems help doctors diagnose diseases based on
symptoms).
natural language : programming computers to
understand natural human languages
neural networks : Systems that simulate intelligence by
attempting to reproduce the types of physical connections
that occur in animal brains.
robotics : programming computers to see and hear and
react to other sensory.
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5. Is it possible ?
Human Brain CPU of Computer
Neuron
10 12 neurons in a human brain
many more synapses (10 14)
connecting these neurons
cycle time: 10 -3 seconds (1
millisecond)
108 or more transistors per CPU
supercomputer: hundreds of
CPUs, 1012 bits of RAM
cycle times: order of 10 - 9
seconds
So, the answer is ‘Yes’
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6. What is needed to make?
Robots
Vision Systems
Natural Language processing
Neural Networks
Learning systems
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7. Robots
We need specially designed robots, who are
capable to run the commands.
Their hardware, sensing systems, processor, and
vision system should be designed in such a way that
they can fulfil the need.
The power source should be designed to work in
the moments of disaster.
Its materials should be selected to repair its
damages by itself.
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8. Vision Systems
Vision system should be developed to recognise
patterns, convert the gestures, postures into a
specific signal which can be further processed by
program to understand the reaction.
Metals or other manufacturing materials should be
capable to sense the touch, heat, cold, harm and
pressure or force.
It should hear, sense the matter.
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9. Natural language
processing
Natural language processing refers to making
computers to understand the natural languages.
Till now software are available which can type
whatever we speak. But the matter is not
understood by computer.
Making computers to differentiate between the
meaning of words having similar pronunciations
according to sentence.
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10. Neural Networks
Artificial neural networks are composed of
interconnecting artificial neurons.
Artificial neurons:
programming constructs that mimic the properties of
biological neurons.
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11. Learning Systems
There should selected domain of
acknowledgements, from where computers can
fetch data and can communicate with each other.
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12. Programing for A.I
Logics and Algorithms:
AI works on different logics, they are not like traditional
programing.
Languages:
Artificial intelligence researchers have developed
several specialized programming languages for
artificial intelligence which include IPL, Lisp, Prolog,
STRIPS, Planner, POP-11 etc.
LISP and PROLOG are famous.
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13. Logics for AI
Fuzzy logic
A specialty research area in computer science
that allows shades of gray and does not require
everything to be simply yes/no, or true/false
Backward chaining
A method of reasoning that starts with
conclusions and works backward to the
supporting facts
Forward chaining
A method of reasoning that starts with the facts
and works forward to the conclusions
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14. LISP
Lisp is a family of computer programming
languages with a long history and a distinctive, fully
parenthesized Polish prefix notation.
The name LISP derives from "List Processing". Linked
lists are one of Lisp languages' major data
structures, and Lisp source code is itself made up of
lists. As a result, Lisp programs can manipulate
source code as a data structure, giving rise to the
macro systems that allow programmers to create
new syntax or even new domain-specific
languages embedded in Lisp.
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15. PROLOG
In Prolog, program logic is expressed in terms of relations,
and a computation is initiated by running a query over
these relations.
In syntax and semantics following are considered:
Data types
Rules and facts
Evaluation
Loops
Negation
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16. Achievements till now
In May, 1997, an IBM super-computer called Deep Blue defeated
world chess champion Gary Kasparov in a chess match.
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17. Achievements till now
Honda designed a robot that can:
• Recognize movement, postures, gestures,
the environment around it, sounds, and
facial recognition
• Use the net for updates like news or
weather
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18. Achievements till now
Cortana is a fictional artificial
intelligence with female
programming in the Halo series of
video games. Throughout the
video games, Cortana assists
Master Chief on his missions; she
is instrumental in preventing the
Halo installations from being
fired.
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19. Achievements till now
Forzamotorasport is a racing simulator game in which it allows
the gamer to drive. But the opponents are AI in which allows
them to play as hard as you.
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20. Achievements till now
In 1997, a Robocup was
organised.
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21. Conclusion
We have talked about:
What is AI?
Possibilities of AI
How to create AI
Programing languages for AI
Logics for AI
Achievements till now.
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22. “Artificial intelligence is
nothing but Modelling of
ourselves”
Rajan Kumar
(CSE, 2nd year JNCT)
[Developer of Jnct.in and
thelitratureoflove.com]
For more visit:
rkkingnotes.worpress.com
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