This presentation focus on trends and technologies in sports

1. TRENDS & TECHNOLOGIES IN SPORTS
Dr.R.Kalidasan
Assistant Professor (Selection Grade) & UGC Research awardee
Department of Physical Education
Bharathidasan University
Tiruchirappalli – 620 024
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OVERVIEW OF THIS PRESENTATION
Sports – Fundamentals, fact and figures
Technology – Fundamentals & benefits
Sports Sciences and Sports Engineering
Software’s used in sports
Cricket and technology
Technology in Cricket umpiring
Future technology in Cricket umpiring
Conclusion

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How many ‘sport disciplines’
are there in the world?

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8,000 sport disciplines*
*World Sports Encyclopedia (2003)

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The word ‘Sport’ comes from the old
French term ‘desport’ means "leisure".
Sport (or sports) - competitive activity.
•Health and fitness
•Name, fame and recognition
•To earn money and career opportunities
•Personality and character building
•Entertainment & satisfaction
•Relaxation, leisure, culture & tradition

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TOTAL NUMBER OF SPORT DISCIPLINES IN MAJOR EVENTS
Summer Olympics - 41
Winter Olympics - 17
Common Wealth Games – 22*
Asian Games - 44
National Games - 33
National Sports Federation under
Indian Olympic Association - 39

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Athletics
Games
Other
events
•Indivduial event except relay races
•Running, Jumping, throwing &
walking
•Commonly conducted in track, field
and road
•Generally played between two
teams and each team may have 1 to
11 or more players depending up on
the game
•Generally games are played in-terms
of time or fixed score struture
•Indigenous activities / games
•Martial arts
•Motor sports
SPORTS

8. TOP 10 MOST POPULAR SPORTS IN THE WORLD*
1. Soccer
2. Cricket
3. Basketball
4. Hockey
5. Tennis
6. Volleyball
7. Table tennis
8. Baseball
9. American Football / Rugby
10. Golf
“Most watched,” “most played,” or “most revenue-generating”
*Sporteology
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9. TOP 5 MOST POPULAR SPORTS IN INDIA*
1. Cricket
2. Soccer
3. Field Hockey
4. Badminton
5. Tennis
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*Sporteology

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Technology
Greek origin - ‘tekhnologia’ means
‘systematic treatment’.
as the application of scientific knowledge for
practical purposes, especially in industry.
In other words it is the branch of knowledge
dealing with engineering or applied sciences.

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Technology plays a critical role in modern day sports
Due to technology, significant change was observed in
following areas
Fitness
Training
Technique
Tactics
Strategies
Feedback system
Impartial decision making in officiating
Updated statistics
Creating of interest
Attraction and involvement among spectators and
Talent identification
The usage of technology differs sport to sport.

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The technological advancement in sports leads to
•enhancement the level of performance
•empower coaches and administrators
•enhance development pathway of talent athletes
•accelerated sports development
•better preparedness of athletes, teams, coaches &
administrators
Right decision is made - player/official relationships
Officials have less pressure, due to technology

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SPORTS
SCIENCES
SPORTS
ENGINEERING
TECHNOLOGY

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SPORTS SCIENCES
Sports science is a discipline that studies how the healthy human body works during
exercise, and how sport and physical activity promote health from cellular to whole
body perspectives.
Sports sciences will help in assessing, monitoring, advising and optimizing performance
from both sports and healthy life style perspective.
Sports Sciences such as
Sports training
Sports Medicine
Exercise Physiology
Sports Physiotherapy
Sports Biomechanics
Kinesiology
Kinanthropometry
Sports Biochemistry
Sports Psychology
Sports Technology & Instrumentation and
Yogic Sciences
have been providing scientific support to sports person.

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SPORTS ENGINEERING
Sports engineering is field of division of engineering that
focuses and involves in design, development and testing of
sport equipment.
The equipment used by athletes has always gone through
technological design and development based on current
knowledge and understanding.
In sports engineering, presently focused are
o equipment designing and testing
o computational modeling
o field and lab experimenting & testing and so on.

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Hawk Eye technology has
also been introduced into
cricket as part of spectator
entertainment.
Cricket

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Court side cameras us infra red beams to
capture the balls motion.
Camera frames are analysed every second and
can predict possible ball flight.
Tennis

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Goal-line technology in Football

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Sports performance enhancement factors
•Training and Nutrition
•Starting block, sportswear, spikes, synthetic surface, electronic timing, photo finish
equipment
Athletics – Sprinting

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Athletics - Javelin
The new rules stipulated that the centre of mass
should be moved forward by 4 cm.
This helps to keep the nose down, reducing the
lift on the javelin and cutting the distance it can
travel.

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Pole vaulting
oBamboo pole
oAluminum pole
oSteel pole
oComposite (fibre glass) pole

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Swimming suits
- Jason Lezak’s suit
Swimming

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Golf
During impact the golf ball compresses by up to 10%.
Different construction and materials (e.g. polybutadiene,
polyurethane, ionomer) are used to create balls with different
properties (more spin or more distance).
Hence can optimise performance by selection of equipment
to suit individual players (professional or amateur).

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SOFTWARE’S IN SPORTS
Software is basically a set of programme, which is
designed to perform a well defined function.
•open or free source software
•paid software
Advantages of software
Data can be stored and retrieved any time
its saves time, energy & money
its more accurate
calculation is possible and
user friendly

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Sports software helps to increase the performance of
an individual player or the team by using the software
such as
Notational analysis software
Motion analysis software
Video analysis software
Biomechanical analysis software
Sports management software
Fixtures software, etc.

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Sl.
No
Name of the Software Analysis Link
1 Quintic Software Sports Performance & Biomechanical
Analysis
http://www.quintic.com
2 Quintic Ball roll Biomechanical Analysis http://www.quinticballroll.com/
3 Dart fish Sports Performance & Biomechanical
Analysis
http://www.dartfish.com
4 Elite Sports analysis Sports Performance & Biomechanical
Analysis
http://www.elitesportsanalysis.com
5 Pro Zone Match analysis software http://www.prozonesports.com
6 Ariel Dynamics Biomechanical Analysis http://www.arielnet.com/
7 Silicon Coach Performance analysis http://www.siliconcoach.com
8 The motion monitor Biomechanical Analysis http://www.innsport.com/
9 Master Coach Match analysis software http://www.mastercoach.de/
10 PosiCom As Match analysis software http://www.posicom.no/en/
11 REM Informatique Performance analysis http://www.fitstatsweb.com/
12 Scan ball Notational analysis http://www.scanball.com/
13 Match analyser Performance analysis http://www.matchanalyzer.com/
14 Match analysis Notational analysis http://matchanalysis.com/
15 Z Sports System Analysis Notational analysis http://www.softsport.com/
16 Sporttec Performance analysis http://sporttec.co.uk/
17 Digital Soccer Notational analysis http://digital-soccer.net/
18 NAC Sport Performance analysis http://www.nacsport.com/en/
19 Touch line data Performance analysis http://www.touch-line.co.uk/
20 Trakus Performance analysis http://www.trakus.com/
SOFTWARES USED IN SPORTS

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21 CAIROS Match analysis software http://www.cairos.com/
22 Orad Match analysis software http://www.orad.co.il
23 Max Traq Biomechanical Analysis http://www.innovision-
systems.com
24 Kinovea Biomechanical Analysis http://www.kinovea.org/
25 Video 4Coach Sports Performance & Biomechanical
Analysis
http://video4coach.com/
26 Motion3d Biomechanical Analysis http://motion3d.com.au/
27 Sports CAD Biomechanical Analysis http://www.sportscad.com/
28 Opensim Modelling Software https://simtk.org
29 Muscle and Motion
software
Educational Software http://www.muscleandmotion.com
30 Motion lab systems
software
Kinesiology Software http://www.motion-labs.com
31 Longo Match Notational analysis http://www.longomatch.org/
32 Sparta Trac Biomechanical Analysis http://spartascience.com/
33 Motion View Sports Performance & Simulation
analysis
http://www.allsportsystems.com/
34 Xcitex Motion analysis http://www.xcitex.com
35 Simi Sports Performance & Biomechanical
Analysis
http://www.simi.com
36 Sports Motion Motion analysis http://sports-motion.com
37 V1 Sports Motion analysis http://www.v1sports.com/
38 Visual 3D Sports Biomechanics & Modelling
Software
http://www.c-motion.com

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Notational analysis systems
•Crickstat
•Rugbystat
•Rugby Maestro
•Squash Maestro
•Hockeystat
•Netballstat
•Baseballstat
•Soccerstat

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Cricket and Technology
•Kerry Packer
- Cricket as a televised sport
- World Series Cricket
•Day-night cricket
•Colour clothing
•White ball

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•Live telecast of the matches, slow motion replays, field
restriction, microphone near the wickets, camera at the
stumps
•Indian Cricket League (ICL)
•Indian Premier League (IPL)

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1. Snickometer
2. Hot Spot
3. Hawk Eye (UDSC)
4. Pitch Vision
5. Spider Cam
6. Stump Camera
7. Ball Spin RPM/ Rev Counter
8. Speed Gun
9. Bowling Machine
10.LED Bails
TOP 10 TECHNOLOGICAL ADVANCEMENTS THAT CHANGED CRICKET FOREVER

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Use of technology in cricket umpiring
•Gentlemen game
•Pride in fair play
•Spirit of cricket
Umpire ultimate authority
No one could question the umpire’s call.
Questioning the umpire was “just not cricket”.
But times have changed and so did the game of ‘Gentleman’.
camera started magnifying pictures - mistakes of the umpires,
doubts were raised over the accuracy of the umpire
debates raged as to why the television eye cannot be used to
assist the umpires in being more accurate.

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Technology in Umpiring
•Third umpire (1992)
•Hawk-eye
•Light meter
•Hotspot
•Snickometer
•Wireless technology for communication (walkie-talkie)
•Umpires - fitted with an ear piece that is linked to the microphone to
assist them in their decision.
•Big screen in the ground
•Computer software
•Stump cameras
•Stump microphones
•Recently, ‘real-time snicko’ was introduced by international cricket
council, which is the combination of hotspot and snickometer.

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 Decision review system (DRS) – 2009
 slow-motion replays
 super slow-motion replays
 ultra-motion replays
 stump microphone sound (at normal speed and slow motion)
 approved ball-tracking technology
 pitch mat generated by the ball-tracking technology
 hot spot footage
Due to technological advancement many device / system have come-up to make the game
more attractive.
The game of cricket over the years has become extremely professional, with plenty at stake
and therefore, the players and the spectators want the decisions to be as accurate as possible.
Today 30 to 40 cameras are used
 stump cam
 extreme slow motion cameras
 3D
 high definition cameras

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FUTURE TECHNOLOGY
•Unique sound system to indicate ‘wide ball’.

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•Unique sound system to
indicate ‘No ball’
ofoot fault
ofast short high pitched deliveries
ohigh full pitched balls
owicket keeper infringements
ofielding restriction in limited over’s cricket
Line fault using the line sensor
technology as used in tennis for line
faults for foot fault no ball and
boundary.

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•Automated electronic system to give run out and
stumping.
•Separate audio signal in the form of beep to indicate
whether boundary 4 or 6 or not.
•Using pad camera for more clear
visibility on LBW, bat - pad decisions

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•Light indicator to indicate when the bail/s was off the stump
in case of run out or stumping.
•By having sensor in the shoes to indicate bowler whether the
bowler touches the danger area or not.
•There should be automated system in the ground to indicate
the bad light.

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•Keeping electronic clip / sensor in the ball, to
see whether ball touched the ground or not.
•Impact sensors used on batsmans’ pads to
gauge first impact on bat-pad, impact on pads–
lbw / close in catches.

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•Use of low range chip transponders (RF) to judge the ball crossing the
stumps / bat / pads – these transponders is currently used in car rallies.
•Using RF ID chips on balls & corresponding received on bats / pads /
stumps to calculate relative position of bat / ball with respect to one another
– for snicks / caught behind / close in catches.
•Due to technological advancement, a day may come that robot can replace
the on-field umpires (or) without on-field umpires in the game of Cricket.

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Conclusion
• Technology over the years have contributed a lot to
sports.
• On certain areas technology has failed to give
conclusive and exact solution.
• Research is going on, to provide fool-proof system.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uq0sokYN
tkI&spfreload=10

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Use of technology in sports in India
is very limited, which may be due to
•lack of financial support
•specialists
•equipments
•adequate infrastructure facilities
•research institution
•expertise and other staff
•co-ordination

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Duleep School of Cricket, Porbandar (1947)

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