A computer is an electronic device that executes programs stored in its memory to accept input, process data according to instructions, and produce output. It allows information processing by taking in data, running it through programs to produce information, and storing results in memory or on storage devices while also enabling communication between computers. Key components include hardware, the physical parts, and software, the programs that direct what the computer does with data and information. Computers are powerful due to their speed, reliability, accuracy, vast storage capacity, and ability to communicate and increase functionality.