1. Adaptation Theories

2. Sister Callista Roy
October 14, 1939 -
Adaptation Model

3. Central Theme
• The person in
constant
interaction with
the changing
environment Person
Environment

4. Health
• A state or process
of being or
becoming an
integrated and
whole person

5. Nursing
• A theoretical system of knowledge that
prescribes a process of analysis and action
related to the care of the ill or potentially ill
persons.

6. 4 Adaptive
Modes
1. Physiological-physical mode –
physical responses & interactions
with the environment
 Maintenance of physiologic
integrity
(oxygenation, nutrition, eliminatio
n, activity & rest & protection)

7. 4 Adaptive
Modes
2. Self-concept-group identity mode
 Need to know the self with a sense of unity
 Beliefs & feelings about oneself
 Central to the person’s behavior
 Components:
 Physical self = body sensation & body
image
 Personal self = self-consistency, self-ideal, &
the moral-ethical-spiritual self

8. Personal Self
Physical Self

9. 4 Adaptive
Modes
3. Role function mode
 A category of behavior for both individuals and
groups
 Role – a set of expectations of how a person in
a particular position will behave in relation to a
person who holds another position
 Underlying need = social integrity/role clarity

11. 4 Adaptive
Modes
4. Interdependence mode
 Applies to adaptive behavior for both individuals
and groups
 Behavior is assessed as it relates to
interdependent relationships of individuals &
groups
 Focuses on the giving and receiving of
love, respect & value with significant others &
support systems

13. Myra Estrin Levine
1920-1996
The Conservation Principle:
A Model for Health

14. Central Theme
Adaptation, Conservation and Integrity
• Adaptation – process by which, over time, people
maintain their wholeness or integrity as they
respond to environmental changes.
• Conservation – product of adaptation.
• Integrity – being in control of one’s life, having the
freedom to choose, to move without constraint and
to exercise decisions on all matters; the essence of
wholeness

15. Adaptation
• It varies and is specific.
• It is explanatory rather than predictive.
• It is a historical process: Responses are
based on past experiences, personal and
genetic.

16. Conservation
• It defends the wholeness of living
systems by ensuring their ability to
confront change appropriately and retain
their unique identity.
• Its essence is the successful use of
responses that cost the least.

17. Principles of
Conservation
• Conservation of energy of the individual
• Conservation of the structural integrity of
the individual
• Conservation of the personal integrity of
the individual
• Conservation of the social integrity of the
individual

18. Integrity
• Structural integrity- focuses on healing
process
• Personal integrity – focuses on sense of self
• Social integrity – involves a definition of self
that goes beyond the individual and
includes the wholeness of each person.

19. Person
• Focus should be on the person’s
wholeness
• Continually adapts interactions with
environment which results in
conservation.
• In need of nursing when suffering arises.
Independence is set aside and accepts
the services of another.

20. Health
• Goal of conservation
• Health and disease are patterns of
adaptive change.
• Successful adaptation is the one that
achieves the best fit in the most
conserving manner.

21. Environment
• Social context is an important consideration
of the wholeness of an individual.
• Difficult to measure but it is vital because
adaptation and conservation are based on
human being’s interaction with the
environment.

22. Environment:
3 Aspects
• Operational – consists of undetected natural
forces that impinge on the individual.
• Perceptual – consists of information that is
recorded by the sensory organs.
• Conceptual – influenced by
language, culture, ideas and cognition.

23. Nursing
• To take care of others when they need to
be taken care of although this need is only
temporary
• Takes place whenever there is an
individual who needs care to some degree.