Arjuna, Ahiphena and Ardraka

1. Apamarga- Aragwadha – Ardraka
For BAMS students

2. Apamarga
• Achyranthes aspera
• Amaranthaceae
• Synonyms- Kapipippali,Prathyakpushpi, Mayuraka
, Sikhari, Kinihi
Classical categorisation
Charaka – Shirovirechanopaga, krimighna,
vamanopaga
• Susrutha- Arkadi
• Vagbhata- Arkadi

3. Varieties
• All nighantus
Shwetha and Rakta
Kayyadeva-Apamarga, Vasira and Ramatha
varieties

4. Morphology
• An erect much branched diffuse shrub with
quadrangular striate pubescent branches
thickened just above the nodes .
• Leaves are simple, opposite, exstipulate ,
velvety tomentose , orbicular, ovate or elliptic.
• Flowers bracteate or bracteolate , greenish in
slender spikes ,45cms long .
• Fruits- Easily disarticulating urticle
• Seeds – Single, inverse

6. • Part used – Root, seed, leaf, whole plant .
• Chemical constituents – Betaine,
Achyranthine, Hentriacontane , Ecdysterone
• Guna karma vijnana

7. Guna karma vijnana
• Rasa – Katu, tikta
• Guna- Laghu, rooksha, theekshna
• Veerya- Ushna
• Vipaka – Katu
• Write DK, BK and RK- Yourself
• Dosage – Fresh juice – 10-20 ml
• Kshara – 0.5- 2 GMS
• Yogas – Apamarga kshara taila

8. Ardraka/ Shunthi
Zingiber officinale
Zingiberaceae
Synonyms- Nagara , Shringavera, Vishwa, Vishwabheshaja ,
Katubhadra , Mahaushadha
Classical categorisation
Charaka – Thripthighna , Arshoghna, Dipaniya, Sula
prashamana, thrishna nigraha
Susrutha- Pippalyadi, Trikatu
Vagbhata - Pippalyadi

9. Morphology
• An erect perennial herb with aromatic
rhizome
• Stem- Erect, leafy, 15-150cms tall
• Leaves- Subsessile, linear lanceolate ,
acuminate, glabrous
• Flowers- Shoot up to 12 cms long , clothed
with sheaths , light green bracts and corolla
tube light yellow with orbicular lip , dull
purple with creamy blotches

11. • Part used – Rhizome
• Chemical constituents – Alpha curcumene ,
beta curcumene , d- borneal, citral, d-
camphene , zingerone,zingiberol, gingerol etc
Gunakarmavijnana

12. Ardraka – Prayoga and
contraindications

13. Gunakarma vijnana
• Rasa- Katu
• Guna- Laghu, snigdha
• Veerya- Ushna
• Vipaka – Madhura
• DK, BK, RK- Write yourself based on evidence

14. Ardraka/ Nagara
• Dosage
• Fresh juice – 5-10ml
• Powder- 1-2 gms
• Yogas- Ardraka rasayana , Nagaradi kashaya ,
Ardraka ghritha , Soubhagya shunthi

15. Arjuna
• Terminalia arjuna
• Combretaceae
• Synonyms – Indradru , Kakubha, Viravriksha ,
Nadisarja etc
Classical categorisation
• Charaka – Udarda prashamana , Kashaya
skandha
• Susrutha – Nyagrodhadi, Saalasaradi
• Vagbhata- Viratarvadi, Nyagrodhadi gana,
Asanadi gana

16. Varieties
• Arjuna- Terminalia arjuna (white)
• Kakubha – Terminalia tomentosa ( black)
Morphology
• A large tree with dark bark with buttressed
trunk and spreading crown with droo[ping
branches
• Bark flakes off in large flat pieces
• Leaves- Simple, opposite, oblong or elliuptic ,
coriaceous, pale dull green above , pale brown
beneath, often unequal sided

17. Morphology
• Nerves – 10-15 pairs , reticulate
• Flowers – White in panicles of spikes with
linear bracteoles
• Fruits- Ovoid or oblong with 5-7 short hard
angles or wings , the lines on wings are
oblique and curving upwards.

18. v

19. Guna karma
• Useful part – Stem bark
• Chemical constituents – Arachidic stearate, Cerasidin ,
Arjunic acid, Arjunetin, Arjunolone , Tannins
Gunakarmavijnana
“ Kakubha: Sheethalo hridya: kshathakshaya
vishaasrajit
Medomeha vranaan hanthi tuvara: kaphapittahrit” ( BP)

20. Guna karma vijnana
• Rasa – Kashaya
• Guna- Laghu, Ruksha
• Virya- Sheeta
• Vipaka – Katu
• DK, BK and RK – Write yourself from evidence

21. • Powder – Dosage 3-6gms
• Decoction – 50-100 ml
• Important preparations – Arjunaarishta,
Arjuna ghritha