This document discusses standards for the Internet of Things (IoT). It makes three key points: 1. Achieving interoperability across different industry sectors and standards bodies will be challenging due to competing business interests but is crucial for IoT success. 2. Testbeds that allow for plug-and-play testing of components from different vendors can help advance interoperability and assess new business models. 3. Viewing testbeds as a service could help recoup the large investments required and facilitate collaboration across organizations.

1. IoT Standards
The Next Generation
Jeff Fedders
Chief Strategist- Intel Corporation
Intel Representative
Steering Committee
Chairman of the Board
Board of Directors
Intel Representative
P2413 Working Group

2. Abstract
While the Internet of Things is bringing a vast variety of market
sectors usages together; it also is creating a battlefield and a race for
sector leadership in the standards environment.
In addition, the promise of IoT to connect the world has also created
the need for universal identity and interoperability of Intelligent
Things.
In order to be successful, the next generation set of standards will
require cohesiveness and composability across a number of market
sectors for the connection of Intelligent Things to become reality.
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3. The IoT Standards Environment
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Consumer
Industrial
(OT)
Enterprise
(IT)
Communications Governments
IoT
Formal Standards in all 5
Sectors are creating End to
End (E2E) IoT Architecture
Frameworks to address the
connection of Things.
Standards Creation reflects
business opportunities; this
race is about IoT
monetization creating the
potential for market
transformation.
Standards harmonization will
even become very difficult if
not impossible.
The end-customer is
probably not a person but
an entity, thing, or a
system. A new type of
marketplace will emerge
creating these new
businesses.
A single IoT Standard is not achievable
given the market dynamics and
business opportunities.

4. Consortia Vertical and Horizontal Approaches
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Consumer Industrial Enterprise Communications Governments
Identity & Privacy
Interoperability
Security
Manageability
Connectivity
SW Defined Infrastructure
Physical Systems
Sensors & Actuators
Edge Agg, Analytics & Cntrl
Device Management
Data Service
Analytics Service
Application & Integration
Business Systems
IPSO
IIC
OIC
oneM2M
AIoTI
Industrie4.0
ChinaSocialOrganizations
OIC
UPnP/dlnaUPnP/dlna
NDNNDN
Non-exhaustive, just a few examples. There are hundreds of
consortia groups focusing on IoT.

5. Formal Standards Vertical Approaches
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Consumer Industrial Enterprise Communications Governments
Identity & Privacy
Interoperability
Security
Manageability
Connectivity
SW Defined Infrastructure
Physical Systems
Sensors & Actuators
Edge Agg, Analytics & Cntrl
Device Management
Data Service
Analytics Service
Application & Integration
Business Systems
ITU-T–SG20
NIST-CPS
ISO-IEC–JTC1-WG10
IEEE–P2413
3GPP
5G
Non-exhaustive, just the leading IoT formal standards organizations.

6. How do you distill and take the first steps….
I would like to speak about three fundamental
topics today:
• Smart Objects
• Interoperability
• Testbeds
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7. Smart Objects - Definition
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Intelligent Things
Smart Objects =
Comprehensive Data Model
Resource Model
Data Schema Model
Protocol Model
Physical Model
Services Model
Immutable Identity Model
Autonomous Model
Smart Objects =
Comprehensive
Information Model
Information = (Thing
Data) + (Analytics)

8. Smart Objects – Identity and Privacy
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Who are you?
What is your provenance?
Can I trust who you say you are?
Do you associate with a community or family?
How do I verify who I am speaking to?
I only want to tell you want you need…
How do Smart Objects
establish a Trust Model?
Should Privacy be a part of
the Smart Objects Model?
What is Immutable Identity
and is it really possible
or is it really needed?
Things become Intelligent
and Autonomous.
Connection to the Internet
and Cloud is optional.
Context Awareness is
mandatory for establishing
Trust.
Things will have
multiple
Smart Object
Personas.
Is Identity a fundamental
component of a Smart
Object Marketplace?

9. Smart Objects – Libraries, Repositories, and Registries
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Inspector
Librarian
WORLDWIDE
SDOs/SIGs
Open Source
Communities
Smart Object
Repositories
Libraries Design
Kits
Source
Code
Communal Registries
Multiple Registries will
exists in many forms:
Governments,
Organizations,
Standards,
Vertical Solutions,
...

10. Interoperability - Importance
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IoT Systems: heterogeneous, large-scale, distributed systems with multi-vendor
building-blocks
We need Interoperability to build systems, create systems of systems,
to keep cost low, to reduce risk, to spur innovation,…
An aircraft jet engine is built with 25,000 parts
A passenger car is built with 30,000 parts
A win turbine is built with 8,000 parts
There are more than 10,000 types of medical devices
… all of which are from hundreds of suppliers….
IoT

11. Interoperability - Definition
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IIRA Levels Requirements Aspects Human Language Model
Integrability Compatible signals and
protocols
Communication
“Compliance”
Syntax – how words can be arranged
Interoperability Common conceptual
models
Understanding
“Conformance”
Semantics – the meaning of individual
words (in context)
Composability
Mutually shared
expectation in
behaviors
Action
“Comprehension”
Pragmatics – the meaning of sentences
and higher level structure (discourse)
Composability Example: An intelligent thing understanding the difference between:
“Chain Supply verses Supply Chain”

12. How to achieve Interoperability?
Consumer internet was based on having integrability
• compatible protocols, established through the RFCs
IoT looks to
• Integrability compliance for communications and protocols
• Data Interoperability conformance in the short term
• Intelligence Composability in the longer term  safety, security,
resilience…
Key Challenges:
• Shared or collaborative architectures and models  concerted
efforts
• New approaches to achieve composability to satisfy safety & other
concerns
• Substantial Investment needed for interoperability testing
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IoT Standards Environment
Tenets
1. Interoperability
2. Security
3. Identity / Access
4. Scale
5. Business Intelligence
6. Reliability/Dependability
7. Safety
8. Proxy/Agent
9. Privacy

13. How do all these interoperability aspects play together?
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Specification
TestBeds
Open Source
Communities
Challenges
Integrability
Interoperability
Composability

14. Testbeds – Technical and Business Challenges
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IoT Standards Environment Tenets
1. Interoperability
2. Security
3. Identity / Access
4. Scale
5. Business Intelligence
6. Reliability/Dependability
7. Safety
8. Proxy/Agent
9. Privacy
IoT
Test
Beds
Interoperability
Business
Opportunities
Security Scale
Identity/
Privacy
Proxy/
Agent
Safety
Reliability/
Dependability

15. Testbeds – Comprehensive Eco-system Creation
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Open SDN
Platform
Open NVF
Platform
IoT Testbed Solutions
Intelligent
Sensor/Actuator
Platform
Intelligent
Thing
Platform
Intelligent
Gateway
Platform
Intelligent
Edge
Platform
Open
Cloud / DC
Platform
Identity & Privacy
Interoperability
Security
Manageability
Connectivity
SW Defined Infrastructure
Physical Systems
Sensors & Actuators
Edge Agg, Analytics & Cntrl
Device Management
Data Service
Analytics Service
Application & Integration
Business Systems
IoT Testbeds enable multiple players at many layers to plug-n-play and test business models….

16. Testbed as a Service (TaaS) – Paying for the large investment
• An Open Horizontal TestBed (OHTB) Program could bring a systematic management approach to the
construction of the foundational recipes and ingredients of any IoT Reference Architecture
Implementation Viewpoint, for a consistent build, construction guidelines, and ensure all Testbed
tenets, for example, Interoperability, Scale, Security, and Business Opportunities are being assimilated.
• The mission of an OHTB sponsor would be to offer Testbed ingredients, recipes, and menus and
operational capabilities to other vertical TestBeds and innovation centers or organizations for scalable
monetization of Testbed investments and cross-cutting interoperability of IoT Service and Solution
Delivery Systems.
• Support a scalable economical approach from a Proof of Concept (PoC) to Large Scale Deployments
(LSD) programs. Create an environment that facilitates collaboration, acceleration, scale, and business
models for all paying participants.
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Creating Testbed as a Service (TaaS) Programs across consortia and many other
organizations will enhance the ability to normalize the large investment
necessary to build practical on-ramps for large scale deploys of complicated
system of systems.

17. Testbeds as a Service (TaaS)
Examples underway and proposals being considered
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IoT Hospitality TaaS
IoT Forestry TaaS
IIoT Industrial TaaS
IIC Open Horizontal TestBed - TaaS
• Predictive Maintenance
• Edge Analytics
• ….
Sponsored by HP and Intel

18. Conclusion
IoT Standards interoperability and composability are necessary for market adoption and
horizontal solutions with a common understanding that Smart Objects are a key to
enable an open marketplace and create platforms for innovation and jobs.
Companies, Organizations, and Governments need to work and potentially nudge
together to prevent grid-lock and enable passage.
A potential Testbed as a Service below!
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A few days ago, a drone captured this eye-popping video of the world’s worst traffic jam on the G4 Beijing-
Hong Kong-Macau Expressway; 50 lanes converging to 20 lanes.