Biosafety Conference Slides

Canadian Biosafety Symposium June
2016, Montreal
Presenter: Bruce MacKinnon CD,
CHSO
Slide 2
Learning Outcomes
1.0 Are You Ready
2.0 Well Known Laboratory Accidents
3.0 Spill Supply Essentials
4.0 An Effective Spill Team – The ERT
5.0 Biological Spill Response
6.0 Notes on Chemical Storage
7.0 Basic Chemical Spill Response
8.0 Advanced Spill Response Tips
9.0 Diphoterine and Trivorex
Review the agenda
Slide 3

ARE YOU READY?
• Do you have a
trained spill
response team in
the lab?
• Do they know the
dangers?
• Do they understand chemical compatibility?
Slide 5
• Do you have a well
developed
emergency plan
and health and
safety program?
ARE YOU READY?
Slide 6
• That no one has
even read?
ARE YOU READY?

• Does your laboratory use
Biohazardous agents that
could cause serious lab
acquired illnesses?
ARE YOU READY?
Slide 8
H&S PROGRAM
• Does your laboratory use high hazard
chemical agents?
Slide 9
• When was the last time you actually saw
someone read an SDS?
H&S PROGRAM

WELL KNOWN
LABORATORY ACCIDENTS
Slide 11
• April 2005 Ohio State
University
• Over loaded lab shelf of
hexane collapsed (>45L
of hexane spilled)
• Vapours caused fire and
explosion
• This was a repeated
accident (solvent spills
and fires)
WELL KNOWN
Slide 12
• Sheri Sangji, a 23 year old
Researcher with a bachelor’s
degree in chemistry was
transferring tert-butyllithium
(ignites spontaneously in air)
• She was not wearing a lab
coat and her clothes caught
fire
• She died from her injuries on
Jan. 16, 2009.
WELL KNOWN
Researcher Sheri Sangji was
transferring tert-butyllithium, which
ignites spontaneously in air, when
the plunger came out of the syringe
barrel. She was not wearing a lab
coat and her clothes caught fire
She died from her injuries on Jan.
16, 2009.
She was 23 years old and had
received her bachelor’s degree in
chemistry from Pomona College in
May 2008.

• September 2009 University of
Chicago
• Malcolm Casadaban, 60, a professor
of molecular genetics, died after
falling ill following experiments using a
weakened strain of the Yersinia pestis
bacteria that cause plague
• He had a rare blood disorder that lead
to his death, but this occurred only
because he has contacted the virus
WELL KNOWN
Casadaban was conducting laboratory
research on the bacterium that causes
the plague when he became sick. The
germ was genetically weakened and
considered harmless to humans. It was
considered so safe, Casadaban’s work
with the live plague bacteria wasn’t
noted when he fell ill, according to the
CDC. A professor at the university for
30 years, by all accounts he had
followed the proper safety protocols,
the report said.
Casadaban’s research focused on
describing the chain of cellular events
that occurs as a person is sickened by
the plague bacterium, called Yersinia
pestis. Scientists suspect that Casadaban
may have harbored a previously
unknown vulnerability to the laboratory
plague strain that was revealed only in
his death.
An autopsy found the researcher had a
medical condition called
hemochromatosis, which causes an
excessive buildup of iron in the body,
according to the CDC report. The
disorder affects about 1 in 400 people
and goes unnoticed in about half of
patients.
Casadaban’s illness is important
because of the way the plague
bacterium had been weakened. Yersinia
pestis needs iron to survive. Normally it
gets this iron by stealing it from a host’s
body with proteins that bind to it and
help break it down. To make the
bacterium harmless, scientists
genetically stripped it of the proteins
needed to consume iron.

• January 2010 Texas Tech
University
• Two graduate students were
working on creating derivatives
of an explosive compound
called nickel hydrazine
perchlorate
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sjDdl_d8br8
WELL KNOWN
Two graduate students were
working on creating derivatives of
an explosive compound called
nickel hydrazine perchlorate. They
made 10 grams of the substance,
which is 100 times more than their
professor considered safe. (The
professor instructed them to not
make more than 100 mg, though the
graduate students denied such a
safety limit existed.) One of the
students decided to crush the
substance with a mortar and pestle
prior to analysis. However, this was
a tragic mistake. These types of
substances can explode under
friction or pressure. And that's
exactly what happened. The student
suffered from burns and lost three
fingers.
Slide 15
• May 2012 VA Medical
Center, San Francisco
• 25-year-old Richard Din died
after becoming infected with
a deadly strain of bacterial
meningitis
• Investigators could not
determined how the man
became infected with the
bacteria, or when / how the
infection occurred
WELL KNOWN

• June 2014 University
of Minnesota
• Student injured in a
TMS-azide explosion
WELL KNOWN
Tolman, Sitek, and other investigators
have not been able to definitively
identify what went wrong with the
reaction, Tolman says. One explanation
is that the explosion was from
hydrazoic acid, which could have
formed from wet PEG providing water
to react with sodium azide or the PEG
itself reacting with sodium azide.
Another explanation is that the sodium
azide overheated.
More important than the reaction,
Tolman emphasizes, is the deeper root
cause of the incident: insufficient
recognition of the reaction’s hazards.
Warnings included with literature
protocols were “pretty lame,” he says.
He also thinks that the lab group
became complacent after doing the
reaction several times without incident.
“While they were aware of the hazards,
concern about them became less up
front,” he says.
Also, as people modified the protocol,
they didn’t appear to understand how
changes might affect the risk of the
synthesis. “There was a real reason to
use PEG,” Tolman says. The reaction
involved a heterogeneous mixture and
people had trouble with clumping, and
literature indicated that using PEG
would help. “But they hadn’t thought
through that maybe the PEG was wet or
might react itself,” Tolman says.

• February 2015 Texas
Tech University
• Four people injured
when a bottle
exploded in the fume
hood
WELL KNOWN
Slide 18
What did we learn about how these Laboratory
Spills and Incident Happened?
• Lack of Training (knowledge vs. Education)
• Lack of knowledge (of agents / compounds)
• Complacency
• Results vs. Safety
• Lack of culture
• Safety Costs!!!
• Carelessness
• My favorite... “My employees are all Scientist, they
know better and are well educated, so I see a problem!”
WELL KNOWN
Slide 19
ERGO BREAK
• Stand Up
• Stretch
• Bend
• Stretch
• Meet your
neighbour!

SPILL SUPPLY ESSENTIALS
• There are many commercial spill kits
available through VWR, Fisher,
Anachemia, ect...for small scale lab
spills (acids, bases, solvents, mercury)
• There are a number of other spill kit
suppliers out there with pre-made kits...
But do they meet your risks?
Can I make up my Own?
Slide 21
• If you are using biological agents...you need sodium
hypochlorite solutions (more on this later)
• If you have formaldehyde, you need Spill X-FP (Ansul
from Tyco)
• If you have acids...you need sodium bicarbonate (&
pH paper) or Spill-X
• If you have bases..you need citric or boric acid (& pH
paper) or Spill-X
• If you have mercury in the lab, first you need a good
indicator (sulphur / copper iodine) and a mercury
spill kit
• If you have solvents...you need activated carbon
Slide 22
• But what about the
HIGH HAZARD
ethidium bromide
formaldehyde
picric acid
mercury
phenol
sodium azide
• Do you have a
RESPONSE PLAN?

• Chemical Neutralizers
• Spill Pads
• Spill Socks
• Drain Covers
• Broom and dust pan
• Tongs
• GREASE PENCILS!
• Flashlight
• Garbage Bags
• Yellow Caution Tape
• Trivorex (more to follow)
Slide 24
A word about spill solidifiers
• Sodium polyacrylate, nick-named “waterlock”, is
a dangerous agent to use on a spill on walking
surfaces
• It absorbs 200 to 300% is own weight with water
• It does not remove the danger and reacts with
acids and caustics
• But on a floor, it becomes a very slippery, and
almost impossible agent to remove from the floor
• Same agent that is in diapers
Slide 25
Essential PPE required for spill response
• Chemical Boots (high risk)
• Tyvek Booties (low risk)
• Nitrile Gloves
• N-buyl Gloves
• Chemical Suits (DuPont has many different level suits)
• N95 Respirator (low risk biological)
• Full or Half Chemical Respirators (medium to high risk)
• PAPR (high risk biological)
• Safety Goggles (or glasses and face shield)

Slide 27
Solid
chemical
storage
Flammable chemicals
Eye wash units
Chemical shower
Spill Kit
Spill Kit
Slide 28
Solid
chemical
storage
Flammable chemicals
Eye wash units
Chemical shower
Spill Kit
Spill Kit

Quick Chemistry Question
• HIJKLMNO
• Name the Compound!
• H to O
• H2O
QUIZ TIME
Slide 30
THE ERT
Slide 31
Can one person clean up a spill?
Yes! But only if:
• The spill is small and contained (on counter, in
fume hood...)
• The lab does not need evacuation
• The spill does not need any special PPE
• The spill has not gone under equipment, cabinets
or gone down a drain...
• The risk is very low
THE ERT

The make up of an effective spill team
• An effective team is based on the risk
• Minimum of 3 to 4 responders (low risk labs)
Team Captain (Responder Commander)
Medical Officer (Advanced Medical First
Responder is recommended, but Standard
First Aid as a minimum level)
Entrant
Decon
• Here the Team Captain acts as a rescue / second
Entrant
THE ERT
Slide 33
•An effective team is based on the risk
•Minimum of 4 to 6 responders (medium risk labs)
Medical Officer (Advanced Medical First Responder
is recommended, but Standard First Aid as a
minimum level)
Entrant (two members)
Decon (two members)
•Here the Team Captain acts as a Rescue Attendant
THE ERT
Slide 34
• An effective team is based on the risk
• Minimum of 8 to 10 responders (high risk labs)
Two Medical Officer (Advanced Medical First
Responder)
Two Entrants
Two to Four Decon Members
Two to Four Stand-by Entrants
THE ERT

For any high risk labs, the ERT should have, as
a minimum
• Training – NFPA 472 Specialist (HAZMAT
Technician)
• An ERT responder room with all the gear and
equipment
• Annual training
• Planned drills around high risk agents
• Emergency communications system (pagers,
blackberries, i-phones...)
• Dedication
THE ERT
Slide 36
• For all high risk labs,
the ERT should have
well built spill response
carts, that are always
ready and up to date
• During drills, use a
cart, but bring a bag
with extra gear and
supplies that can be
used and disposed of
THE ERT
Slide 37
Understanding what is a spill zone; there are
three...
• Cold Zone (location of Spill Team Commander / Leader)
• Warm Zone (location of secondary insert team, Decon
Team and Medical Team/Officer)
• Hot Zone (location of the insert team..where the spill is!)
THE ERT

Spill
HOT ZONE
WARM ZONE
COLD
ZONE
Insert Team
Decon Team
2nd Insert
Team
Command
Team
Medical Officer
THE ERT
Slide 39
Spill
HOT ZONE
WARM ZONE
Decon Team
2nd Insert
Team
Medical Officer
Spill pads
on exit
Decon Pool Clean pads
for dekit
Medical
Chair
THE ERT
Slide 40
• Stand Up
• Stretch
• Bend
• Stretch
• Shake it out...
ERGO BREAK

BIOLOGICAL SPILL RESPONSE
Slide 42
The degree of risk involved in a biological
agent spill depends on:
• the location of the spill (inside a BSC vs. outside);
• if the agent aerosolized;
• the volume of material spilled;
• the concentration of the agent in the material spilled;
• the hazard of the agent involved;
• the route of infection of the agent; and
• the diseases caused by the agent.
Slide 43
• Spills of biological agents can contaminate areas and
lead to the infection of laboratory workers if not
cleaned up effectively (under equipment, under
counters, under fumehoods...)
• Prevention of exposure to hazardous agents is the
primary goal in spill containment, cleanup and
disinfection (biological / physical / chemical agents)
• Evaluating the risks (risk assessment) of spill response
is based on the potential generation of aerosols or
droplets and the ability of the agent to cause disease /
infection

• If the spill has the potential to generate aerosols
or droplets (Containment Level 2 or higher), the
lab must be evacuated IMMEDIATELY
• Re-entry is only after a minimum of a 30 minute
wait, and then only with PPE (respirator [risk
specific], boots, chemical suit, gloves, eye
protection)
• 30 minutes will allow all
droplets to settle and all
aerosols should be gone
with the HVAC air exchange
during this period of time
Slide 45
• If the spill is beyond the control of the internal
response team due to location, size or agent
involved, a third party spill response team will have
to be called
• Note that local Fire Departments and other third
party responders will recover all cost associated
with a spill response
• Costs can be in the tens of thousands of dollars
per response
• The minimum HazMat team size from local Fire
Departments is 10 members (add vehicles and
equipment...$$$$)
Slide 46
• Spills inside BSC are easily handled inside the BSC
(allow all aerosols / droplets to settle) and absorb
spill with pads or paper towel then spray with a 0.5%
w/v hypochlorite solution
• Spray all the walls
• Allow 30 minutes contact at a minimum
• Collect the pads / paper and transfer to biological
waste bin
• Wipe the interior of the BSC with a cloth or pad
wetted with a 10ppm sodium metabisulphite solution
to neutralize the bleach - follow with a water then a
dry wipe

• Spills outside the BSC (non-aerosols or droplet danger)
• Berm the spill with a sock
• Cover with pads or paper-towel
• Pour a 0.5% w/v hypochlorite solution over the pads /
paper, working from the outside in
• Allow 30 minutes contact at a minimum
Slide 48
• Use a flashlight to detect any splatter that may be
outside the birmmed area
• Circle any droplets with grease pencil
• Treat with 0.5% w/v bleach solution in a spray
bottle
• Collect the pads / paper from the main spill and
transfer to biological waste bin
• Wipe the spill area a cloth or pad wetted with a
10ppm sodium metabisulphite (optional) solution
to neutralize the bleach - follow with a dry wipe
• The final clean up should be with a wet mop if on
a floor
Slide 49

• If the laboratory was evacuated due to a
aerosolization of an agent and the minimum 30
minute waiting time has been respected, only
enter with proper PPE including respiratory
protection and rubber boots
• With a fresh bleach solution, spray down the floor,
cabinets, counters and all equipment suspected to
have been contaminated
• Leave the lab and allow the contact time of the
bleach to neutralize the agent
Slide 51
• Upon the second re-entry, reduced PPE can be
selected (based on risk)
• All equipment, walls, cupboards and items in the
aerosolization zone need to be picked up and
wiped with a pad soaked with 0.5% w/v
hypochlorite solution
• Wipe dry with paper towels or other spill pads
• All waste pads, pillows, disposable PPE and other
items used in any biological spill response are to
be disposed of as biological waste (per your
institutions standards)
Slide 52
• Where biological agents have spattered against
cabinets (floor spill), place spill pads on floors
under the overhang of the cabinet
• Spray the cabinet with 0.5% bleach solution in a
spray bottle, saturating the area (more effective
than wiping), allowing the solution to run down the
cabinet and drip onto the pads on the floor
• Collect the pads / paper from the main spill and
transfer to biological waste bin
• If desired a 10ppm sodium metabisulphite solution
can follow to neutralize the bleach

• Remember, before you plan any work with high
risk biological agents, look at the Pathogen Safety
data Sheet located on the Public Health Agency of
Canada’s web site, then think...what if???
• http://www.phac-aspc.gc.ca
Slide 54
A word about disinfectants vs. Sterilizers
• Disinfectants are not effective sterilizers
• Sterilizers are agents that destroy, for the most part,
all microorganisms and their spores
• Disinfectants on the other hand, inactivate or destroy
certain viruses, bacteria, and pathogenic fungi, but
may not inactivate or destroy their spores
• With the exception of bacterial spores, fresh bleach is
an effective disinfectant
• When hypochlorite concentrations are too low, e. coli
and vibrio cholerae can activate a defense mechanism
that helps protect the bacteria**
Bleach Activates a Redox-Regulated
Chaperone by Oxidative Protein
Unfolding
Jakob, U.; J. Winter; M. Ilbert; P.C.F.
Graf; D. Özcelik (14 November 2008).
"Bleach Activates A Redox-Regulated
Chaperone by Oxidative Protein
Unfolding". Cell (Elsevier) 135 (4):
691–701.
doi:10.1016/j.cell.2008.09.024.
PMC 2606091. PMID 19013278.
Retrieved 2008-11-19.
(Department of Molecular, Cellular, and
Developmental Biology, University of
Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA)

The truth about bleach
• As a disinfectant, hypochlorite concentrations
needs to be at 5000 ppm (0.5% w/v hypochlorite)
• Concentrated bleach is not an effective disinfectant
• Freshly diluted bleach solutions are only good for
24 hours...make daily
• Not all bleach brands are equal
Chlorox - 5.25% hypochlorite
Old Dutch - 4.9% hypochlorite
Javel Bleach - 12% hypochlorite
Lysol Bleach - 2.5%
Slide 56
The truth about bleach
• Mixing bleach with other chemical is hazardous
• Mixed an acid, sodium hypochlorite will generates
chlorine gas
• Mixed with amines or other nitrogen based
organics (such as urine or some detergents for
example) produces ammonia gas and chlorine gas
• Concentrated bleach MUST be replaced every five
to six months as the hypochlorite deteriorates with
time
• Concentrated bleach is not an effective disinfectant
Slide 57

NOTES ON CHEMICAL STORAGE
The proper storage of chemicals can and will help
reduce the probability of dangerous and
unexpected chemical reactions by following some
easy and “best practice” storage methods...
Slide 59
Safe??
Slide 60
The safest way to store chemicals is to...
• Separate inorganics and organics chemicals from
each other (unless you know the compatibility) -
never, never store chemicals alphabetically
• Sever store liquids and solids together, unless there is
some form of secondary containment
• Keep all liquids (and hazardous chemicals) stored in
the lab below eye height
• Fume-hood interiors are not storage areas!
General Guidelines
Protect eyes and skin: lab safety glasses
with side shields, lab coats and closed-
toe shoes must be worn for basic
personal protection
Safely space shelves and racks to
accommodate the upright removal of
the largest chemical container; prevent
tipping and dripping with adequate
clearance
Identify and substitute safer chemical
alternatives
Keep hazardous materials away from
heat and direct sunlight to prevent the
degradation of chemicals and
deterioration of storage containers and

labels
Do not store hazardous materials
(except cleaners) under sinks
Avoid chemical stockpiling; procure
hazardous materials as needed
Limit fume hood storage of hazardous
materials
Conduct periodic cleanouts to minimize
accumulation of chemicals
Keep all food (including gum),
beverages, tobacco and open cosmetics
outside the work area
Acids and Bases
Isolate acids:
From reactive metals, including sodium,
potassium and magnesium
From sodium cyanide, iron sulfide,
calcium carbide and other compounds
that can react to produce toxic
fumes/gases
Place combustible organic carboxylic
acids (i.e., acetic acid) in a flammable
storage locker; store inorganic acids in
acid storage cabinets
Store acids and bases in air-tight
containers with snug-fitting caps; avoid
loose lids or glass stoppers; use vented
caps when necessary to prevent over-
pressurization
Keep piranha etch and aqua regia in a
fume hood at all times
Use non-aluminum drip trays for
aqueous sodium and potassium
hydroxide solutions; isolate nitric acid
when utilizing secondary containment
Safely transfer containers of acid and
base solutions using bottle carriers
Never pour water into acid; slowly add
the acid to the water and stir
Flammable and Combustible Liquids
Store flammable and combustible

liquids away from oxidizers and heat
producers
House flammable and combustible
liquids in excess of 10 gallons (per
room) in approved flammable storage
cabinets (under the hood or stand-
alone); limit liquids in secondary
containers (i.e., squeeze bottles) to 10
gallons or less
Adhere to OSHA regulations for safe
storage: 60 gallons of Class I and/or
Class II liquids or 120 gallons of Class
III liquids per cabinet; Class I liquids
cannot be stored in a basement or pit
without an approved ventilation system
Use only approved and well-labeled
refrigerators and freezers for storing
flammable liquids; never store lunch
with science
Slide 61
The ChemAlert Guide on Fisher Chemical and Fisher
BioReagents labels is a three-part guide that provides the
Safety Code, the NFPA Code and a Storage Code.
ChemAlert Storage Code is a color-coded bar that provides
an instant guide to storage. The storage code is also spelled
out for clarification.
Red (R): Flammable. Store in area segregated for flammable reagents.
Blue (B): Health hazard. Toxic if inhaled, ingested or absorbed through
skin. Store in secure area.
Yellow (Y): Reactive and oxidizing reagents. May react violently with
air, water or other substances. Store away from flammable and
combustible materials.
White (W): Corrosive. May harm skin, eyes, mucous membrane. Store
away from red-, yellow- and blue-coded reagents.
Gray (G): Presents no more than moderate hazard in any of the
categories above. For general chemical storage.

• Keep all class 6.2 organic peroxides away from all
organic compounds, know the SADT and date of
expiry
• SADT - self auto decomposition temperature
• Keep concentrated hydrogen peroxide in the fridge,
on the lowest shelf in the door, away from all other
agents (organics!)
Slide 63
• Bleach will react with soaps, detergents, ammonia cleaners,
acids, bases...etc..forming dangerous (fatal gases) - stored
away from other agents, and where possible, in secondary
containment
Slide 64
The safest way to store chemicals is to
• Keeps acids out of metal cabinets (Teflon lined)
• Keep sodium azide off of metal cabinets (do not
transfer using metal scoopulas) and store in
secondary containment (plastic beaker)
• Peroxide forming solvents (diethyl ether) must to be
tested weekly or biweekly for peroxide formation and
a log should be kept (rule of thumb for PF’s - dispose of
with 18 months of purchase if unopened, 12 months once
opened or if the peroxide concentration exceeds 200ppm)

The safest way to store chemicals is to:
• Store all class 4 reactive solids, class 5.1 oxidizers
and 6.1 toxic solids in secondary containment
(separated by organic and inorganic) and where
possible, store on lowest possible shelve below eye
height;
• All flammable solids should be stored in a flammable
cabinet, and where possible, in a desiccator for
maximum safety;
Slide 66
BASIC CHEMICAL SPILL RESPONSE
Slide 67
• All laboratories have chemicals
• All chemicals, no mater how “safe”, can react with
some other chemical in your lab
• Ensure your responder (responders) are aware of
chemical properties and characteristics...read and
study the SDS of all high risk chemicals
• Ensure that the response team meets the level of
danger the laboratory poses...no need to over react,
but make sure you are prepared to meet any hazard
or threat

• Know when you need to call for outside help...
Slide 69
Spills in your control...
• When a spill occurs, call out and inform all the
other lab users of the spill...
• “SPILL, SPILL, SPILL”
• Tell others to stay clear and be ready to assist if
needed
• Where needed, tell them to put on PPE (i.e. N95
respirator...)
• Grab your spill kits and cordon off the spill area
with the yellow caution tape
Slide 70
• Donn your PPE (per
SDS)
• Form a berm around the
spill with spill pigs /
pillows if the spill covers
a larger area
• Then, using absorbent
pads (working from the
outside – in) cover the
spill area
• Use the flashlight to
look for spatter outside
the pillows

• Not all spill pads (and pigs) are equal!
• Are you using the rights spill pads and pillows
in your spill kit?
Slide 72
Universal Sorbents
• Absorb all types of water-based and oil-based liquids
• Ideal for use in factories where there are many
different liquids such as cutting fluids, lubricants and
coolants
• Not recommended for aggressive fluids such as acids
and bases
Slide 73
Oil-Only (Petroleum) Sorbents
• Absorb all oil-based liquids and repel water
• Will actually float on water and absorb only the oil
• Use these sorbents to absorb oils such as lubricants,
fuels, mineral oil and vegetable oils

Hazmat Sorbents
• Specifically designed to absorb aggressive fluids such as
acids and bases
• Ideal for use in laboratories or other areas where
aggressive fluids are present
Slide 75
Using chemical
neutralizers...
• activated carbon
• sodium bicarbonate
• citric boric acid
• Trivorex (this information will
come later...)
• Spill X kits (acid, base,
organic, formaldehyde )
• Clay is not a neutralizer!
Slide 76
• Donn your PPE
• Form a berm around the
spill with spill pigs / pillows
if the spill covers a larger
area
• Pour the neutralizer around
the outside of the spill,
working in
• Beware of heat formation
• Use the flashlight to look
for spatter outside the
pillows

• In both of these
small spill scenarios,
leave the covered
spill set for a
minimum of 30
minutes
• This is the minimum
time for some
neutralizers to work
(formaldehyde,
mercury...)
Slide 78
• For solid spills, use the
spill pigs only to indicate
where the spill is
• Make the area around
the spilled material much
larger than you would if a
liquid spill
• Sweep carefully toward
the centre
• Use a disposable broom
and dust pan
Slide 79
• Never pick up broken glass with your hands, even if
gloved
• Use tongs or broom and dust pan to pick up any and
all glass
• Again, the use of a flashlight will help find slivers of
glass

• Always pick up the used spill pads, after the wait
time, from the center first, to see if all the spilled
liquid is absorbed, leaving the berm in place
• Transfer the contaminated pads to a heavy plastic
bag for primary storage
• Re-apply pads if there is still free liquid!!
• Remember that the pads are as hazardous as the
chemical involved in the spill
• Remove the pigs / pillows last!
Slide 81
• Use a few dry pads to wipe the area of the spill
down
• Follow that by a pad or two with a dilute soap
solution
• Dry the area if needed with extra pads or ensure
the area is effectively mopped and
decontaminated
• Great care must be taken where a spill may have
gone under equipment that can not be readily
moved (BSCs, Fumehoods...)
Slide 82
• All spill debris, even those from chemical
neutralizers should be considered hazardous
waste, and handled and packed as such
• Follow your facilities policies...

Spills outside your control...
• Follow your facilities policies if you have an
internal HAZMAT team
• Evacuate the lab and ensure all accesses into the
hot-zone are sealed, or guarded (gather in the
cold zone)
• Call 911 or your institutions spill team
• Tell the responders...
What was spilled and how much
Where it was spilled
What other dangerous agents are present
If the spill went under equipment or down a drain!
Slide 84
Spills outside your control...
• While the responders are inbound, collect the
SDS, attend to any injuries or minor chemical
contact
• Call 911 for serious medical emergencies
• Stay in cold zone and available for the responders
• Most important, report to your Health and Safety
Department for a full accident investigation
Slide 85

• Stand Up
• Stretch
• Bend
• Stretch
• Shake it out...
ERGO BREAK
Slide 87
ADVANCED SPILL RESPONSE TIPS
Slide 88
Picric Acid (2,4,6-Trinitrophenol) and Bouin’s Solution
• 2,4,6-trinitrophenol
• A trinitro-aromatic compound related to trinitrotoluene
(TNT)

• This material poses an explosion hazard when dry
• Polymerization is a highly exothermic reaction and may
generate sufficient heat to cause thermal decomposition
and/or rupture containers
• Risk of explosion / Explosive properties
• Unstable if heated
• Forms explosive metal picrates when comes in contact
with many metals
• Keep wetted to at least 30% w/w with water
Slide 90
• Bouin’s solution is a mixture of picric acid, acetic acid
and formaldehyde in an aqueous solution
• Spills of Bouin’s solution should be handled as if a picric
acid spill...do not use Spill-X FP or other neutralizers
due to the possibility of drying the picric acid
Slide 91
• Picric acid will readily penetrate latex gloves, use nitrile
gloves
• Rubber boots are recommended over tyvek booties, but
for solid spills, tyvek booties are adequate
• Chemical protective clothing with liquid-tight (type 3)
connections for whole body
• Full face respirator with organic chemical cartridges or a
PAPR with organic chemical cartridges (dependant on
size and risk)

Picric Acid (2,4,6-Trinitrophenol)
• In a spill situation, it is critical that...
No chemical absorbents are used
Add extra water or 2% v/v solution of acetone in a spill
clean up if needed, to keep the picric acid wet
The pads that are used to clean up the spill must never
be allowed to dry
Wet the pads with extra water after packing into a bag, or
submerge in 20L pail with a 2% v/v solution of acetone
Wipe down all walls, floors, equipment, etc, with a spill
pad saturated with 2% v/v solution of acetone at least
twice, before following up with a dry pad
Add clean up pads to the wetted waste pail or bag
Slide 93
Picric Acid (2,4,6-Trinitrophenol)
• In a spill situation on a metal surface, it is critical that...
The spill is wetted immediately with a 2%v/v acetone
solution
Remove excessive liquid with spill pads, keep wetting
and removing the liquids for al least 5 rinses
It is very, very important that the picric acid does not dry
on the metal surfaces...explosive pictrates will form!
Slide 94
Formalin / Formaldehyde
• Formalin is a widely overlooked hazard in many
biological laboratories
• There are a number of hazards associated with the use
of formalin
• It readily releases formaldehyde gas, which is both toxic
and highly flammable
• Accidental spillage of the solution can quickly raise the
concentration of formaldehyde gas to dangerous levels,
posing a direct threat to health and the risk of fire or
explosion

• Formalin (formaldehyde) can cause serious sensitivity
(allergies)
• People who suffer allergic reactions to formaldehyde
tend to display lesions on the skin in the areas that have
had direct contact with the substance
• Continuous skin exposure to formalin can cause
dermatitis
Slide 96
• In a spill, formalin and concentrated formaldehyde is
best handled using SPILL X-FP
• This spill agent is a urea based formulation that
• chemically reacts with formaldehyde
• It forms a urea-formaldehyde polymer that is
• no longer volatile and much less hazardous
• It takes about 30 minutes to react
Slide 97
• In a spill, evacuate the area
• Donn PPE that includes a full face chemical cartridge
respirator, chemical boots, chemical suit (type 4 or 5 is
adequate; if larger that 4 litre - Type 3) and neoprene
gloves
• Cover any drains in the room with a heavy rubber mat
and birm with Spill-X FP
• Take the time to evaluate the whole spill area with a
flash light and circle with grease pencil
• Cover the spill with Spill-X FP, starting from the outside
in

• Leaking Formalin Container (fills tray and spills on to floor)
• Floor and boxes on floor are now contaminated
Slide 99
Slide 100

Slide 102
• After the minimum of 30 minute reaction time, re-enter
the hot zone using the same PPE as the pre-spill entry
• Sweep the spill from the outside in
• Using a disposable broom and dust pan, pick up the
solids
• If there is more feel liquids, add more Spill-X FP and
leave the hot zone (allow the 30 minute reaction time)
• Repeat the sweeping method, bagging all the waste as
hazardous
Slide 103
• After the Spill-X FP is cleaned up, wipe down the spill
area with a few spill pads saturated with soapy water
• Repeat with dry spill pads
• All the pads are disposed of as hazardous
• Clean the spill area after with a wet mop
• Return the area to pre spill conditions

Slide 105
Phenol
• At room temperature, phenol is a translucent,
colorless, crystal, white powder, or a thick, syrupy
liquid
• The crystals are highly hygroscopic and turn pink to
red in air
• When pure, phenol has a sweet, tar-like odor
Slide 106
Phenol
• Is highly poisonous, very corrosive and flammable
• Causes serious, irreversible skin damage and vapours
are readily absorbed through the skin
• It affects the central nervous system and targets the
liver and kidneys
• Is mutagenic and possibly teratogenic
• In a spill situation outside of a fume-hood, respiratory
protection is mandatory for amounts exceeding 100mL
of 20g of solids

Phenol spills (solid or liquids)
• Phenol will penetrate latex in a few minutes, do not use
latex gloves
• Rubber boots are recommended over tyvek booties
• Chemical protective clothing (type 4 or 5 for spills under
1L of concentrated phenol; Type 3 if larger)
• Full face respirator with organic chemical cartridges or a
PAPR with organic chemical cartridges
Slide 108
Phenol spill control for liquids...
• Use universal spill pillows to boarder the spill
• Absorb with Hazmat sorbent pads (or...)
• Activated Carbon (can be very messy)
• Wipe down of the spill area; this should be done with a
spill pad wetted with polyethylene glycol or isopropyl
alcohol
• Follow up with copious amounts of water
• All pads / absorbents and disposable PPE must be
disposed of as hazardous
Slide 109
Phenol spill control for solids...
• Use universal spill pillows to widely boarder the spill
area
• Use a disposable broom and dust pan to pick up all
phenol solids
• Speed is essential as the phenol will slowly start to
liquefy in the open area due to its hydroscopic nature
• Use tongs to pick up large pieces of glass
• Transfer the spilled waste to a 6mm to 8mm plastic bag

Phenol spill control for solids...
• Wipe down of the spill area should be done with a pad
wetted with polyethylene glycol or isopropyl alcohol
• Follow up with copious amounts of water
Slide 111
Ethidium Bromide
• Ethidium bromide (EtBr)
• 2,7-diamino-10-ethyl phenylphenanthridinium bromide
• It is used for visualizing nucleic acids
• Behaves as a mutagen in the Ames Salmonella
bioassay, but only after treatment with liver homogenate
• It may be harmful by inhalation, ingestion, and skin
absorption and should be handled only when wearing
nitrile gloves
• If EtBr is to be weighed, the operation should be carried
in a fume hood or a ventilated area.
There’s only one problem with all this:
ethidium bromide, as far as can be told
from the data, is not a human mutagen.
It’s not a mouse mutagen or rat mutagen
either. Nor apparently a mutagen in
cows and other farm animals, where it’s
used in veterinary medicine at
concentrations one thousand times
higher than the red solutions that are so
feared in biology labs, seemingly with
no bad effects. It’s not even Ames-
positive by itself, but only after it’s been
exposed to metabolizing enzymes,
which tells you that some derivative of
it has mutagenic potential, should you
ingest it and send it through your liver,
but apparently not the parent
compound.
The National Toxicology Program states
it is nonmutagenic in rats and mice.[13]
These conclusions are supported by a
subchronic carcinogenicity study in
mice, whereby no mutagenic effects
were detected.[14]
Ethidium bromide
(Homidium brand) use in animals to
treat trypanosome infection suggests
that toxicity and mutagenicity are not
high. Studies have been conducted in
animals to evaluate EtBr as a potential
antitumorigenic chemotherapeutic
agent.[15]
Its chemotherapeutic use is

due to its toxicity to mitochondria.[16]
A
more recent study shows that EtBr acts
as a topoisomerase I poison, just like
several anticancer drugs used in
humans.[17]
The above studies do not
support the commonly held idea that
ethidium bromide is a potent mutagen
in humans, but they do indicate that it
can be toxic at high concentrations.
Slide 112
Ethidium Bromide
• Spills greater than 50mL in solution or 5g should be
considered high hazard
• EtBr will readily penetrate latex gloves, use nitrile
gloves
• Rubber boots are recommended over tyvek booties, but
for solid spills, tyvek booties are adequate
• Chemical protective clothing (size dependant)
• Full face respirator with organic chemical cartridges or
N95 for solid spills (size dependant)
Slide 113
Ethidium Bromide
• Use universal spill pillows to boarder the spill
• Absorb with Hazmat sorbent pads (or...)
• Activated Carbon (can be very messy)
• Activated carbon requires a minimum of 60 minutes
contact time to absorb EtBr
• The ratio is 100mg of carbon per
100mg of EtBr

Ethidium Bromide
• To be on the safe side, all EtBr waste should be
handled as highly hazardous
• This includes all disposable PPE used in the clean up
• Collect and send for incineration
• Do not autoclave or landfill EtBr waste
Slide 115
Mercury
• Is your lab still using mercury
equipment?
• Do you have an effective
response plan and
equipment to clean up a
mercury spill?
• Do you know how to make
an mercury vacuum in the
lab?
• Using a standard vacuum on
mercury is extremely
dangerous
Slide 116
Mercury
• Mercury was used in ancient China and India before
2000 BC
• It was found in tubes in Egyptian tombs dated from 1500
BC
• It was used to form amalgams of other metals around
500 BC
• The Greeks used mercury in ointments and the Romans
used it, unfortunately for those using it, in cosmetics
• Mercury was used in medicines laxatives, diuretics,
antiseptics or antimicrobial drugs for syphilis, typhus and
yellow fever

Mercury
• Mercury poisoning is well known in history (mainly due
to organic mercury - alkyl mercury)
Minamata Japan (Minamata Disease)
England (Mad Hatters Disease)
Danbury Connecticut (Danbury shakes)
• Mercury and most of its compounds are extremely
toxic and must be handled with care
• Mercury is corrosive to many metals (gold, aluminum,
silver) as well as brain tissues
Slide 118
Mercury
• In a spill situation and due to
mercury’s high surface tension,
when mercury is dropped, it spreads
very rapidly and in very small
spheres
• The spill will spread over a vast area
• The mercury can be found using two
methods
Flash light; or
Mercury Indicator (sulphur, silicon
dioxide, starch and iodide)
Slide 119
Mercury
• As the rate at which mercury evaporates changes with
temperature and pressure, a risk assessment of the
spill needs to be determined
• Small spills (< 3g) that are easily handled in a lab at
temperatures 20C and below may not require special
gear other than booties, gloves and glasses (do not
clean up with your shoes uncovered
• For larger spills or in hotter labs, use a half face
respirator with a mercury vapour cartridge & indicating
strip, boot covers, gloves and safety glasses

Mercury
• As a commercially
designed mercury pump or
make your own in the lab,
ensuring the mercury is
collecting into water and
the vapour is too!
• Use a stiff cardboard or
heavy paper to carefully
collect the mercury,
sweeping toward the
vacuum hose
Slide 121
Mercury
• Cover the spill area and beyond with mercury
indicating powder
• Allow the reaction to occur (24 hours)
• Mercury sulfide is produced, which turns black in the
presence of starch and iodine
• This mercury should be cleaned up with a mercury
spill kit (reacts the mercury with zinc, forming a zinc-
mercury amalgam)
• Repeat the indicator powder process until no mercury
is found
Slide 122
Sodium Azide
• Used in the explosive actuators for air bags in cars and
air plane escape chutes (decompose the salt with heat)
• Is acutely toxic (severely toxic) and can be fatal just
through skin contact - similar in toxicity to cyanide
• Forms hydrazoic acid in water, which is also highly toxic
and a priority pollutant listed on O.Reg 347 (no
discharge allowed)
• Reacts explosively and/or forms explosive and/or shock
sensitive compounds with acids and many metals (lead,
copper, silver )
• Evolves toxic gases on contact with acids

Sodium Azide
• When working in a lab with sodium azide, it is critical
that no skin is exposed (wrists, chest, legs )
• Spills less than 10g are considered small, providing
they do not enter a floor drain, or occurs on a metal
surface
• Beyond 10g - Evacuate and follow your institutions
policies and procedures for high hazard spills
• Ensure the responders know its sodium azide that was
spilled
Slide 124
Sodium Azide
• When working with solid sodium azide, wear a nitrile
gloves, no less than 0.11mm thick
• For solutions stronger than 4.5%w/v, double gloves
should be required in your SOP
• In small spills, double glove always, sealing the outer
pair to the chemical suit (minimum type 4)
• Hazmat responders will use a type 1 (wet) or type 2
(dry)
• The best respirator to select would be a PAPR with
organic vapour cartridges (HAZMAT - SCBA)
Slide 125
Sodium Azide solid spill
• Evacuate the lab
• Donn appropriate PPE based on risk
• Sweep up the solids, placing into 8mm or thicker
plastic bags use no metal tools!
• Once the solids are cleaned up, wet a universal spill
pad with a mildly alkaline solution (pH 9.5 to 9.8) and
wipe down the area at least three times
• Follow with pads wetted with water (three times)
• Follow with a dry wipe

Sodium Azide liquid spill (<4.5%w/v)
• Evacuate the lab
• If safe to do so, block any floor drains
• Assess if the spill can be safety cleaned up..if no,
follow your HAZMAT procedures
• Donn appropriate PPE based on risk
• Use HAZMAT pads only!
• Birm the spill with pillows, apply HAZMAT pads
• Allow absorption time
• If free liquids are still seen in removing the first pads,
add new ones
Slide 127
Sodium Azide liquid spill (<4.5%w/v)
• Once all the liquids are cleaned up, wet a universal
spill pad with a mildly alkaline solution (pH 9.5 to 9.8)
and wipe down the area at least three times
• Follow with pads wetted with water or a dilute bleach
solution 1 -3 % hypochlorite (three times)
• Follow with a dry wipe
Slide 128
• Stand Up
• Stretch
• Bend
• Stretch
• Shake it out...
ERGO BREAK

DIPHOTERINE & TRIVOREX
Slide 130
CHEMICAL INJURIES
Slide 131
AGGRESSIVE AGENTS
CORROSIVE AND IRRITANT PRODUCTS
CORROSIVE IRRITANT
What type of products cause
chemical injuries ?
CHEMICAL INJURIES

THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN CORROSIVE AND IRRITANT AGENTS
CORROSIVE
IRRITANT
Highly concentrated acids or bases
STRONG REACTION
IRREVERSIBLE EFFECTS Solvents, oils,
WEAK REACTION
REVERSIBLE EFFECTS
CHEMICAL INJURIES
Slide 133
THE EYES AND THE SKIN
are at risk!
• Proteins (enzymes), amino acids .
• Lipids
• Mineral salts
CHEMICAL INJURIES
Slide 134
Penetration can
occur immediately,
within hours or
within days
STEPS OF THE CHEMICAL INJURY
CHEMICAL INJURIES

EFFECT ON TISSUE CELLS
EXAMPLE WITH CAUSTIC SODA
Order?
Slide 136
Type of product and
concentration
Temperature
Time of contact
Slide 137
In the event of a chemical or
biological agent splash, what is
your current SOP? Does it
include...
• Emergency showers (ANSI)
• Plumbed eye wash (ANSI)
• Wall mounted saline units
• Deluge hoses

WASHING WITH WATER
Water is the standard first aid
response for the majority of
companies (ANSI Z358.1)
Water for First Aid
Slide 139
MECHANICAL EFFECT
Large quantities of water
can quickly remove the
chemical product from the
surface of body tissues
Reduces penetration
Water for First Aid
Slide 140
DILUTION EFFECT
Decreases the concentration
Reduces the aggressiveness
Reduces penetration
The object is to restore pH as fas as possible
Water for First Aid

Water is the Universal Solvent
Water acts in the same way
on all aggressive chemicals
THERE IS NO RISK OF
MAKING MISTAKES!
Water for First Aid
Slide 142
BUT .WATER HAS IT’S LIMITATIONS
Water is beneficial but
limitations do exist
• Dilution time
• Inconsistency with results
• Temperature (hypothermia,
shock)
• Short Intervention Time
• Hypotonicity
Water for First Aid
New transition slide
Slide 143
The penetration of highly
concentrated chemicals is
so quick that water has
little time to prevent
absorption
98% sulphuric acid,
50% caustic soda, phenol
Quick Penetration
Water for First Aid

INTERVENTION TIME IS CRUCIAL
• Can the worker find the showers
(with impaired vision)?
• Does the worker need assistance?
• Is he/she even near a shower?
Washing must occur within 10
seconds (ANSI) which is very
fast
Water for First Aid
Slide 145
DURATION AND COMFORT OF RINSING
• 15 minutes under a safety
shower at 16o
C can shock a
person
• Hypothermia if water is too cold
• ANSI states limitations
• Difficulty opening the eye for
effective flushing
• 15 minutes in that shower is a
long time
Water for First Aid
Slide 146
Water is HYPOTONIC!
Water penetrates quickly
into tissue cells aiding in
the penetration of the
chemical products
Water for First Aid

THE HYPOTONICITY OF WATER
Water for First Aid
Slide 148
PREDICTABLE RESULTS!!
• Early water decontamination is
associated with better results but Does
Not Prevent burns and other
complications
• Does not assist with “Early and Safe
Return to Work”
Water for First Aid
Moved to transition slide for the water
washing injury
Slide 149
ACCIDENT WITH 94% SULPHURIC ACID
• Splash on the hands and legs
• Immediate rinsing with water
• 3 days in the hospital and 45 days
of medical care at home
• More than 6 months of work loss
• Cheloid scars and psychological
difficulties
Water for First Aid

What would an ideal first
response solution Look
Like?Retain Positive Affects of Water
• Mechanical removal
• Universality (polyvalence)
Address Weaknesses of Water
• More reliable « active »
rinsing
• Increase the intervention time
• Improve the comfort of the
rinsing
Slide 151
DIPHOTERINE® solution
Prevor Laboratories created two active
washing solutions that are scientifically
formulated
• Optimal intervention time of up to 60 seconds
• Inactivate the aggressiveness of six types of
chemicals on the surface of the skin or the
eyes
• Reverses chemical absorption from tissue
cells through its “hypertonic” effect
• Pain relief allows for more comfortable
flushing
Phrases?
Slide 152
ABSORPTION CAPACITY
DIPHOTERINE MOLECULE
Stops the
aggressiveness

pH COMPARISON OF WATER
AND DIPHOTERINE
Diphoterine moves the
pH of chemicals to the
safe physiological
range faster than water
Slide 154
HYPERTONIC EFFECT
DIPHOTERINE solution has
an osmotic pressure higher
than that of the body’s
tissue cells.
Slide 155
CHEMICAL PENETRATION OF THE CORNEA
Experiment on Rabbit Cornea
Chemical fully penetrates the cornea
The Diphoterine solution stops the penetration by
reversing osmotic flow out of cells

ACTIVE WASHING VS PASSIVE WASHING
• Active washing principles
always yield better results!
• We practice the principals of
active washing every day!
Phrase?
Slide 157
Comparison between water and Diphoterine solution
(MARTINSWERK FACTORY, GERMANY)
Measured 45 splashes
due to caustic soda
Simplification of the secondary care
Water : 75% required medical care
Diphoterine: 100% - no medical care
Slide 158
IN CASE OF A DELAYED RINSING
Diphoterine still offers beneficial
effect of improved healing
outside of the standard protocol
• An eye injury due to ammonia
• Washed with Diphoterine 1 hour after first
exposure
• Examination after 1 hour serious injury
• Final examination visual acuity 14/20
after 6 months of specific care
Order?

IN CASE OF A DELAYED RINSING
• Splash of guanidinium thiocyanate-phenol-chloroform (TRIzol)
Scar 24 hours
post exposure
• Initial rinse with tap water (employee in pain)
• Used DAP on skin
• No medical aid
• No lost time
6 weeks later
Slide 160
The ANSI Z358.1 Standard defines a
flushing fluid as:
• Any potable drinking water
• Preserved water
• Buffered saline solution
• Other “Medically Acceptable Solution”
DIPHOTERINE is a Health
Canada Approved Class 2
Medical Device
DIPHOTERINE AND CHEMICAL WASHING REGULATIONS
ANSI Z358.1
Phrasing?
Slide 161
ALWAYS
• Maintain your emergency showers /
eyewash stations to the current
ANSI ( or provincial) standards
If you have nothing else,
Always use water!
ANSI Z358.1

EASY TO USE!
PROPER PROTOCOL
PACKAGING DESIGNED FOR EASY APPLICATION
For the eyes
ergonomic eyecup
For the skin
showers and aerosols
Delete?
Slide 163
FLUSHING THE EYE
500ml Eyewash bottle
500 ml for an intervention within
the first 60 seconds
Gravity Flow
Do not squeeze
PROPER PROTOCOL
Combine?
Slide 164
FLUSHING THE EYE
50 ml - intervention within the
first 10 seconds
SIEW 50mL
Single Individual Eye Wash
PROPER PROTOCOL

FLUSHING THE SKIN
100 ml / 200 ml Intervention
within the first minute
Micro and Mini DAP’s
PROPER PROTOCOL
Slide 166
FLUSHING THE SKIN
5 litres for an intervention
within the first minute
DAP’s
PROPER PROTOCOL
Slide 167
WALL MOUNTED STATIONS
PROPER PROTOCOL
Combined Slide

FLUSHING PROTOCOL
• Move away from the danger
• Remove affected clothing
• Rinse as quickly as possible,
respecting the protocol for
DIPHOTERINE solution
• Alert others
• Seek medical advice
PROPER PROTOCOL
Slide 169
• Do not stop the rinsing when the
pain stops
• Use the complete dose for an
optimal efficiency
• Start the rinsing as quickly as
possible
• Wash a larger area than splashed
• Ideally do not use water before or
after using Diphoterine
• Best to leave to air dry
IMPORTANT RECOMMENDATIONS
PROPER PROTOCOL
Slide 170
http://www.prevor.com/en/list-of-tested-chemicals?StartNom_ProduitTeste=H
• Prevor has a detailed list of the chemicals it has tested with
Diphoterine and Hexafluorine

Diphoterine vs Water - pH Demonstration
Slide 172
172
TRIVOREX
Slide 173
173
TRIVOREX
• Trivorex is an absorbing and neutralising powder to all
types of chemical spills
• “Regular” absorbents aim to capture and limit the spill’s
spreading
• Trivorex gets a quick and effective neutralisation of the
chemical spill, whether it is a strong acid or base, such
as e.g. hydrochloric acid, sulphuric acid and sodium
hydroxide (lye)

TRIVOREX
Trivorex operates in three steps
• Captures and limits the spreading of the spill
• Neutralises the spill’s active agent
• Absorbs the spill and thereby facilitates the clean-up.
Slide 175
175
TRIVOREX
• Trivorex has a built pH indicator to facilitate the
neutralisation
• When Trivorex is applied the powder changes its colour
based on the chemical’s pH
• Red for acid (thymol blue)
• Blue for a base (thymolphthalein)
• Once the spill has been neutralised the powder turns
yellowish and is thereafter safe to handle
• In case of highly concentrated products, adding a little
water can help speeding up the process.
Slide 176
TRIVOREX
• Trivorex works on all types of chemical spills, has no
toxicological effects on human tissue and is classified as
non-irritant to skin
• There are more than 75,000 known corrosive chemicals
used in industries
• Diphoterine, which is the active ingredient in Trivorex has
been proved on more than 600 chemical agents
representing the majority of major chemical groups
• A complete list of chemicals can be found on the Prevor
website

TRIVOREX
ACIDS BASES OXIDIZERS
POLAR
SOLVENTS
NON-POLAR
SOLVENTS
OTHER
PRODUCTS
•Sulphuric acid
•Nitric acid
•Acetic acid
•Trichloroacetic
acid
•Hydrofluoric
acid
•Soda
•Potassium
hydroxide
•Ammonia
•Amines
•Chromic acid
and its
derivatives
•Hydrogen
peroxide
•Permanganate
•Peroxy acid
•Acetone
•Methylene
chloride (MEC)
•Ethanol
•Formaldehyde
•Pentane
•Toluene
•Xylene isomers
•Any vegetal,
synthetic or
mechanical fat
oil
•Hydrocarbons
•
Slide 178
My contact for Diphoterine is...
Rachel Mather - Inside Account Manager
Levitt-Safety 2872 Bristol Circle,
Oakville, Ontario, Canada L6H 5T5T
905-287-3506 | TF: 888-453-8488 | F: 905-829-2919
Slide 179
179

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