Architecture & Workflow of Modern Web Apps

www.aurorasolutions.io
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ARCHITECTURE &
WORKFLOW OF
MODERN WEB
APPS

Full Stack Developer & Co-Founder @ Aurora - Provides
Remote Teams specializing in JVM languages and Angular +
Ember
About: Rasheed
LinkedIn: https://se.linkedin.com/in/rasheedwaraich
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Email: rasheed@aurorasolutions.io
My team at Aurora specializes in:
► Web Apps ◄ Java, Groovy, C# and AngularJS/EmberJS based
single or multi page web apps
► Mobile Apps ◄ Android & iOS
We provide REMOTE teams based in Pakistan which integrate
seamlessly with our customers. We have happy clients across
Europe, USA, Canada & Australia.

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WHERE WE’VE BEEN

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In the beginning...

● Sites were static HTML ● Pros:
o low computational overhead
o highly cacheable
o highly indexable
● Cons:
o hard(easy?) to update
o no personalization
o usually poor UI
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In the beginning...

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Let there be CGI

● Introduced dynamic generated pages ● Pros:
o dynamic!
o selectively cacheable
o highly indexable
o personalizable
● Cons:
o “high” computational overhead
o hard to create
o usually poor UI
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Let there be CGI

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LiveScript JavaScript

● Dynamic Pages
● Lightweight complement to applets
● Mostly used for simple scripting
o basic form validation
o popup ads
o comet cursor trails
● Pros:
o enhanced usability, maybe
o reduced trips to the server
● Cons:
o abuses annoyed users
o business logic often implemented
twice: client and server
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LiveScript JavaScript

● Google Maps sparked Web 2.0
● GMail
o required Javascript
● Pros:
o killer UI
o more responsive apps
● Cons:
o difficult to cache
o impossible to index
o required JavaScript
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AJAX - Web 2.0

● No JavaScript, no problem
● Provide features for user agents that
support them
o fall back to basic HTML
● Pros:
o wider compatibility
o just as rich UI
o just as responsive
● Cons:
o higher development costs
o requires thoughtful engineering
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Unobtrusive JavaScript

● Business logic lives on the client
● Resources and permanent state stored on
the server
● Application and session state stored on
client
● Pros:
o reduce server workloads
o application is highly cacheable
o extreme rich UI
● Cons:
o content not indexable
o requires JavaScript
o often requires a ‘modern’ browser
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Client Side Applications

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THROW A BUNCH OF HTML FILES

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ADD A COUPLE OF CSS FILES

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ADD SOME JAVASCRIPT FILES

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ADD SOME JAVASCRIPT FILES
AND SPAGHETTI IS READY...

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EVERYTHING WAS MANUAL!
➔ CREATE DIRECTORY STRUCTURE
➔ DOWNLOAD & SETUP JS LIBRARIES
➔ MAKE CHANGE → MOVE TO BROWSER → HIT F5
➔ COMPILE COFFEESCRIPT / SASS / LESS
➔ CODE QUALITY
➔ PERFORM OPTIMIZATIONS
➔ RUN UNIT TESTS!

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COME BACK FEW MONTHS LATER
AND TRY TO FIGURE OUT HOW TO
MAINTAIN THE CODE

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WHAT DO WE NEED?
WE NEED BETTER TOOLS TO
AUTOMATE THESE TASKS…

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MOVING
FORWAR
D

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WHERE ARE WE HEADING
TO...

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From server-side app to smart clients and services

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A GOOD
DEVELOPMEN
T WORKFLOW
→ HELPS TO GET STARTED

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A GOOD
DEVELOPMEN
T WORKFLOW
→ MAINTAINS DEPENDENCIES

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A GOOD
DEVELOPMEN
T WORKFLOW
→ ENFORCES BEST PRACTICES

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A GOOD
DEVELOPMEN
T WORKFLOW
→ PREPARES TOOLS

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A GOOD
DEVELOPMEN
T WORKFLOW
→ PREPARES TOOLS
→ FIGHTS REGRESSIONS

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A GOOD
DEVELOPMEN
T WORKFLOW
→ PREPARES TOOLS
→ FIGHTS REGRESSIONS
→ EASES THE RELEASE PROCESS

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YO
Got life in 2012!
Various contributors (Employees
from Google, Twitter, etc)
history

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YO
- structure
- compilation
- static analysis
- dependencies management
- development tools
- unit testing
scaffolding

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YO
> npm install -g yo
download
“-g” global install

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YO
Various generators:
● Angular
● Ember
● Backbone
generators
And all the other popular frameworks...

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GENERATORS
Project templates
● npm install generator-webapp
○ yo webapp
● npm install generator-angular
○ yo angular
○ yo angular:controller MyCtrl
○ yo angular:directive tabs
○ yo angular:route login
● npm search yeoman-generator

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YO
yo scaffolds out a new application, writing your Grunt
configuration and pulling in relevant Grunt tasks and
Bower dependencies that you might need for your
build.

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YEOMAN HAS FRIENDS

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BOWER

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BOWERhistory
Package manager for the web
Born in 2012
Created by Twitter and other contributors over time

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BOWERdownload
> npm install -g bower

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BOWERfind a package
> bower search jquery

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BOWERfind available versions
> bower info jquery

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BOWERadd a specific dependency
> bower install jquery#1.10.2 --save
install jquery and save this new dependency

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BOWER
runtime dependencies in bower.json

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BOWERadd all your dependencies
> bower install

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BOWERsee your dependencies
> bower list

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GRUNT
Grunt is used to build, preview and test your project,
thanks to help from tasks curated by the Yeoman team
and grunt-contrib.

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GRUNT
❏test
❏build
❏serve
sample tasks

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GRUNT
❏connect
❏jshint
❏mocha
❏imagemin, svgmin, htmlmin
❏compass
❏karma
plugins

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GRUNT
Configuration in gruntfile.js

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GRUNT
3 parts:
❏Task loading
❏Task configuration
❏Task registration
gruntfile.js structure

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GRUNT
An example: Static code analysis with JSHINT

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GRUNT
HOW TO USE IT?
> grunt
> grunt jshint:all

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HTML5 BOILERPLATE
“HTML5 Boilerplate is the professional badass’s
base HTML/CSS/JS template for a fast, robust and
future proof site”
It helps you to quickly get up and running with front-
end web projects
NOT A FRAMEWORK
Bring what you need to your project.

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FEATURES
● Browser Compatibility
● favicon.ico for browsers
● Web server configs
○ IIS: web.config
○ Apache: .htaccess
○ nginx: nginx.conf

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ADVANCED FEATURES
● Includes meta viewport declaration
● Includes modernizer
● Javascript profiling
● Use conditional comments to add “ie” classes

Allows you to do this in your CSS
div.foo { padding-right: 10px; }
.ie6 div.foo { padding-right: 5px; }

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BOOTSTRAP
Sleek, intuitive, and powerful mobile first front-
end framework for faster and easier web
development.

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FEATURES
● Scaffolding up to 12 columns
● Nesting columns
● Column ordering
● Grid System
● Responsive design
● many more!

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Examples
● Buttons
● Tables

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JASMINE
● Jasmine is powerful javascript unit testing framework
● Jasmine describes its test in simple natural language
● Jasmine tests can be read by non-programmers
● Jasmine provides a clean mechanism for synchronous asynchronous code

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JASMINE SAMPLE TEST
describe(“A sample suite”, function(){
it(“contains a spec with an expectation”, function(){
expect(true).toEqual(true);
});
});
Main Constructs:
● TestSuite begins with a call to describe().
● TestCase “or spec” begins with a call to it().
● TestCase can contain one or more matcher(s).

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KARMA
● Karma is a test runner for JavaScript that runs on Node.js
● It is very well suited to testing AngularJS or any other
JavaScript projects
● It can run test of most popular javascript testing frameworks
like:
○ Jasmine
○ Mocha
○ QUnit
○ etc.
● Karma can execute tests not only in browser of your choice but
also on the platform of your choice (desktop, phone, tablets)

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INSTALLING KARMA AND RUNNING TEST
> npm install -g karma
> karma init
> karma start
> karma run //karma runs the tests

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PHANTOMJS
● PhantomJS is a headless WebKit scriptable with a JavaScript API
● Created by Ariya Hidayat
● PhantomJS itself is NOT a test framework, it is only used to launch
the tests via suitable test runner.

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FEATURES
● Multiplatform, available on major operating systems: Windows, Mac
OS X, Linux, other Unices.
● Fast and native implementation of web standards: DOM, CSS,
JavaScript, Canvas, SVG. No emulation!
● Pure headless (no X11) on Linux, ideal for continuous integration
systems. Also runs on Amazon EC2, Heroku, Iron.io.
● Easy to install.

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Examples
● It captures screenshot with given width and height also get the
page title

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PROTRACTOR
“is an end to end test framework for AngularJS applications built
on top of WebDriverJS.
Protractor runs tests against your application running in a real
browser, interacting with it as a user would.”

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FEATURES
● End to End Testing
● Functional Testing
● Automating browsers
● Provide tools to help debugging

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AngularJS
● AngularJS is a MVC framework that defines numerous concepts to
properly organize your web application.
● Created by Google.
● It’s a complete client side solution.
● Data binding, as in {{}}.
● DOM control structures for repeating, showing and hiding DOM
fragments.
● Support for forms and form validation.
● Attaching new behavior to DOM elements, such as DOM event
handling.
● Grouping of HTML into reusable components.

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AngularJS Core Concepts
● Modules
● Data Bindings
● Controllers
● Directives
● Services
● Scopes
● Routing

Thank you!
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Architecture & Workflow of Modern Web Apps

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