Colorblindness affects about 5% of the population, but how much do we really know about it? As co-owner at US Optical, Ralph Cotran has an interest in all-things eye related, so he discusses the topic of color-blindness is an inclusive, visually comprehensive presentation.

1. COLORBLINDNESS
is all about
See what
By Ralph Cotran

2. Normal Color Vision
This bouquet
appears here as it
appears to a
person with a
normal range of
color vision.
The next few
slides will give a
side-by-side
comparison of this
picture and how it
would appear to
people with
various types of
colorblindness.

3. Red-Blind/Protanopia
This form of color-blindness results from an
insensitivity to the color red, which leads to
confusion differentiating between blue and
green and between red and green.

4. Green-Blind/Deuteranopia
This form of color-blindness is a result of
insensitivity to the color green, primarily causing
difficulty differentiating red and green, but can
also cause difficulty for some gray, purple and
greenish-blue colors as well.

5. Blue-Blind/Tritanopia
This rare form of color-blindness results from an
insensitivity to the color blue and causes
confusion differentiating between blue and green
as well as yellow and violet.

6. Red-Weak/Protanomaly
This form of color-blindness causes the viewer to experience redness
more weakly (in saturation and brightness) than someone with normal
color vision. The colors red, orange, yellow, and yellow-green are all paler
and shifted more towards green on the spectrum

7. Green-Weak/Deuteranomaly
This form of color-blindness renders the viewer to see the color green
weaker in brightness and saturation than someone with normal vision. It
causes slight difficulty differentiating between similar hues for red, orange,
yellow, and green.

8. Blue-Weak/Tritanomaly
This form of color-blindness is extremely rare, and like tritanopia, deals with the blue
cone cells. These cones have limited functionality, causing blue to appear greener and
difficulty differentiating yellow and red from pink.

9. Rod Monochromacy/Achromatopsia
This rare form of color-blindness is also the most severe. It's present from
birth, with none of the cones in the eye having functional photopigments.
This means that the viewer sees the world in greyscale, only registering
black, white, and grey, and also have difficulty in very bright
environments.

10. Blue Cone Monochromacy
Cone monochromacy means that this color-blindness is a result of two of
the three cones in the eye not functioning. Viewers will have difficulty
distinguishing between colors because no other cones are present to send
comparative signals to the brain. Viewers can also suffer from near-
sightedness and uncontrollable eye movements.

11. Ralph Cotran is a co-founder and
co-owner at US Optical, the third
largest independent wholesale
optical lab in the United States.
Click here to check out his
website, or visit him on social
media.