regarding the effects of fluorosis

1. PRESENTED BY:-
AKANKSHA SINGH
MSc (F)
ROLL NO- 01

2. DEFINITION
 Fluorosis is s disease caused by deposition of
fluorides in the hard and soft tissues of body.
 A chronic condition caused by excessive intake of
fluorine compounds, marked by mottling of the
teeth and, if severe, calcification of the
ligaments.
 .

3. INTRODUCTION
Fluorosis is an important public healthproblem in 24 countries,
including India,which lies in the geographicalfluoride belt that
extends fromTurkey to China and Japan through Iraq, Iran and
Afghanistan

4. Cont…..
 Endemic fluorosis is prevalent in India since 1937 .It
has been estimated that the total population consuming
drinking water containing elevated levels of fluoride is
over 66 million. Endemic fluorosis resulting from high
fluoride concentration in groundwater is a public health
problem in India.
 About 25 countries all over the world are affected by
Fluorosis. In India at least 18 states are in alarming
condition with fluorosis out of which 5 states are in
severe endemic phase. Almost 50 to 100% districts of
Tamil Nadu, Uttar Pradesh, Gujarat, Andhra Pradesh
and Rajasthan are in endemic phase

5. Cont …

6. FLUOROSIS IN HARYANA

7. Source and distribution of
Fluorosis
 Sources of fluorosis are-
•Hydro fluorosis (water born)
• Drug induced
• Food born
• Industrial dust & fumes of fluoride

8. Food items rich in fluoride:
• Rock salts
• Canned fish and meat
• Packed food items like fruit juice
• Black tea (tea without milk)
•Tea with lemon
• Food items with kalanamak (black salt)
• Pan Masala and tobacco.

9. ROLE OF FLOURIDE IN FLUOROSIS

10. Types of Fluorosis
 Dental Fluorosis
 Dental fluorosis is an irreversible cosmetic condition of teeth caused by
intake of fluoride during developmental process of teeth.
 Crucial period of disease - 1 to 4 years
 In its mild forms - fluorosis often appears as unnoticeable, tiny white
streaks or specks in the enamel.
 Tooth appearance is marred by discoloration or brown markings.
 Enamel may be pitted, rough and hard to clean.
 The spots and stains left by fluorosis are permanent and may darken over
time.

11. CONT…..

12. CONT….

13. •Diagnosis of dental fluorosis
 Proper history
 Fluoride can be tested by blood and hemoglobin, urine,
drinking water and x-ray of forearms.
 Treatment of dental fluorosis:
 Dental fluorosis only affects the teeth which are of
cosmetic value. Stains over teeth are removed by
whitening or covering teeth with bonding or crowns.

14. Skeletal Fluorosis
 skeletal fluorosis is a crippling disease with pain and deformity
caused by excessive intake of fluoride.
 Fluoride can enter in the body through food, drinking water, dental
products (tooth paste, mouth wash etc.), drugs, dust and fumes of
fluoride from industries.
 It causes pain and damage to bones and joints.
 Symptoms
 Mainly promoted in the bone structure.
 Due to a high fluorine concentration in the body, the bone is
hardened and thus less elastic, resulting in an increased frequency of
fractures.
 thickening of the bone structure and accumulation of bone tissue,
which both contribute to impaired joint mobility

16.  Ligaments and cartilage can become ossified
 ruptures of the stomach lining and nausea
 Can also damage the parathyroid glands, leading to
hyperparathyroidism, the uncontrolled secretion of parathyroid
hormones.
 Treatment
 If fluorine intake is stopped, the fluorine existing in bone structures
will deplete and be excreted via urine.

18. Non Skeletal Fluorosis:
 Manifestations of non skeletal fluorosis are as follows-
 Muscular pain and weakness with decrease muscle power
• Headache
• Loss of teeth in early age
• Neurological problems are like stinging sensation in fingers & toes.
Nervous breakdown and depression.
• Urine is reddish yellow with less volume
• Gastrointestinal problems are-recurrent constipation & diarrhoea, blood in
stool and sudden pain in abdomen.
• Calcification of muscle ligament and blood vessels
• Reduced mental efficiency

24. REFERENCES
 WWW.GOOGLE.COM
 Web site- WebMD