4. PA Mandible
Rest pt’s forehead & nose
against bucky
Tuck in chin to bring OML
& MSP perp to IR
40” SID
CR perp to IR to exit @
junction of lips
Collimate to area of
mandible
Shows mandibular rami &
lateral portion of body
Rami s/b symmetrical
Mentum superimposed on
C-spine
5. Lateral Facial Bones
Coronoid process
a.
Mandibular fossa
b.
Neck of condyloid
c.
process
Mandibular notch
d.
Gonion
e.
6. Axiolateral Oblique- Mentum 45°
Place pt in a true lateral w/
SOI against IR
Mouth closed, neck extended
To visualize mentum, oblique
head 45° towards IR
Angle CR 25° cephalic to exit
area of interest
CR will skim under the closest
side of mandible to project
the opposite side (area of
interest) free of
superimposition
7. Axiolateral Oblique – Body
30°
Start from true lateral
Oblique head 30°
towards IR
25° CR angle
CR will exit body on
opposite side of
mandible
Collimate to mandible
on all sides
8. Axiolateral Oblique- General
Survey 10° - 15°
Oblique head 10°-
15° towards IR
CR angled 25°
cephalad
Area of interest
should be
demonstrated
w/minimal
superimposition &
foreshortening
11. Law - TMJ
Head in true lateral
IPL perp & MSP parallel to IR
IOML perp to front edge of IR
SOI against IR
Rotate head 15° towards IR
Angle CR 15° caudad
Enters 1 ½ “ ↑ to upside EAM
Exits downside TMJ
SHOWS: TMJ Closed IR
Closed mouth: Condyle in TM
fossa
Open mouth: Condyle @
anterior margin of TM fossa
12. Panorex
Pt is seated w/IOML
parallel to floor & MSP
perp to IR
Teeth on bite piece,
chin in bite block
Fixed CR & SID
Shows: Flat image of
entire mandible; teeth,
TMJ’s, body, rami,
angles, symphysis,
condyles & coronoid
processes
13. Schuller - TMJ
Pt’s head in true lateral
(body obliqued as needed
for comfort)
IPL perp to IR, MSP
parallel
Angle CR 25°-30° caudad
Center ½ in anterior & 2 in
superior to upside EAM
Center IR to projected TMJ
Collimate on all sides to
aprox 4 in square
Closed mouth & open
mouth
Shows TMJ closest to IR
14. Law Method- TMJ
SOI closest to IR
Head lateral body obliqued as
necessary for comfort
IPL perp to IR to avoid tilt
From lateral, rotate face 15°
towards IR
Angle CR 15° caudad
centered to 1 ½ in ↑ to
upside EAM
Center IR to projected CR
Collimate on all sides to aprox
4 in square
Shows TMJ closest to IR
15. Law vs Schuller’s-how do you
tell?
Look for the hook
Condyloid process
appears as a hook
on Law Method
radiographs.
Appears to hook
around towards the
mouth
16. PA Mandible (Bad)
Taken on phantom
(no C-spine)
OML is not
perpendicular
17. Law - TMJ
Law- look for the hook
Condyle appears to
hook towards the face
This one could use
more collimation
18. Modified Townes (Mandible)
OML & MSP perp to IR
CR angle 35°-40° caudad
Enter glabella (to pass
through EAM’s & B/T
gonions @ MSP)
Shows: condyloid
processes, TMJ fossae,
Mandibular rami free from
superimposition
19. SMV- Mandible
• IOML parallel to IR
CR enters ½ way B/T
gonions or 1 ½-2 in ↓
to mandibular symphysis
Shows mandible,
coronoid & condyloid
processes
Mandibular condyles
anterior to petrosae
Mandibular symphysis
superimposed on frontal
bone
22. Townes - TMJ
OML & MSP perp to IR
CR angle 35° caudad to
pass 1” anterior to TMJ
level
(Angle 42° caudad if IOML
perp)
*Additional 5 ° may show
TM fossae & joint best
Shows: Condyloid process
& TMJ fossae (do 1 closed
& 1 open view)
25. Nasal bone
1.
Frontal process of maxilla
2.
Lacrimal bone
3.
Superior nasal conchae
4.
Inferior nasal conchae
5.
Vomer
6.
Alveolar process
7.
Mandible
8.
Maxilla
9.
Zygomatic process of
10.
maxilla
Zygoma
11.
Perpendicular plate of
12.
ethmoid
26. 13. Temporal bone
14. Frontal portion of
maxilla
15. sphenoid
16. Parietal bone
17. Frontal bone
27. Skull- Lateral View
Vertex
1.
Inion
2.
Temporal bone
3.
Mastoid process
4.
Squamous portion of
5.
temporal bone
5a. Styloid process of temporal
bone
Mandible
6.
Maxilla
7.
Zygomatic arch
8.
Anterior nasal spine
9.
28. Lateral Skull (Contd.)
10. Sphenoid bone
11. Lacrimal bone
12. Nasal bone
13. Zygoma
14. Sphenoid
15. Frontal bone
16. Coronal suture
17. Squamosal
suture
18. Lambdoidal
suture
29. Maxillae & Palatine Bones
Palatine Process
A.
of Maxilla
B. Palatine Bones
C. Pterygoid process
of Sphenoid
32. Mandible – Lateral View
Coronoid Process
A.
Manbidular Notch
B.
Neck of condyloid
C.
process
Head of condyloid
D.
process
Condyloid process
E.
Ramus
F.
Gonion
G.
Body
H.
Mentum
I.
Alveolar Process
J.