Presentation on diabetes complications and treatment
1. Diabetic Retinopathy
I. Complications of Diabetes for both :
Type I
Type II
II. Blood Glucose levels increases for a
long ,changes occur in tiny blood vessels
that supply blood to retina
III. Person notices:
Blotch
Blurriness
Dark spots
2. What causes Diabetic Retinopathy ?
Hyperglycemia (Diabetes)
High Blood Sugar
Changes Blood vessels of Retina
Blood vessels (Retina) swell and leak fluid
Fluid leaks into “Macula”
Blurred Vision
3. Symptoms:
Patients complain of spots or floaters
Central vision may become blurred or go
in and out of focus
Patients may complain of blockage of
vision
Others may notice difficulty seeing at
night
Risk Factors:
Diabetes
Pregnancy
High Blood Pressure
High Cholesterol
5. Diabetic Neuropathy
Affect nerves throughout the body (most commonly affects nerves
in feet and legs)
Types of Diabetic Neuropathy
Peripheral neuropathy
Autonomic neuropathy
Focal neuropathy
Proximal Neuropathy
What causes Neuropathy ?
Lifestyle factors-smoking,alcohol consumption
Metabolic factors (duration of diabetes)
Nerve and blood vessel factors (damage to blood vessels)
Nerve injury such as Carpal tunnel syndrome
6. Symptoms of Neuropathy
Numbness, “pins and needles” sensation in feet, legs or arms
Neuropathy can lead to muscle weakness in affected areas
Diabetes : A leading cause of peripheral neuropathy, 60-70%
people with Diabetes have mild to severe forms of
nervous system damage
Kidney disorders : High amounts of toxic substances in the
blood can damage nerve tissue, patients requiring
dialysis may develop polyneuropathy
Vit. Deficiency : Vitamins deficiencies particularly
(E,B1,B6,B12) are essential to healthy nerve function.
Thiamine deficiency can cause painful neuropathy of
extremities
7. Oxidative Stress and Alpha-lipoic acid
Hyperglycemia
Polyol Glucose auto-
Pathway oxidation
AGE
formation
Oxidative Stress X
Nerve Ischemia
ALA increases Glutathione (GSH), which is an important anti-
oxidant.
ALA acts as powerful lipophilic, free radical scavenger
8. Methylcobalamin
Neurologically active form of Vit.B12
Provoke re-generation of nerves without side-
effects
Vit.B12 and Folate (Folic acid) work
synergistically
Have role in methylation (process for the
maintenance of brain chemistry and nerves and
plays role in synthesis of Dopamine)
9. Benfothiamine
Lipid soluble form of Thiamine
(Vit.B12)
Effective precursor of active Thiamine
Used in treatment of alcohol neuritis
Used in General nerve
health, Fibromyalgia
10. Vitamin B6 (Pyridoxal phosphate):
Water soluble Vitamin
Acts as a cofactor in many reactions of amino acid
metabolism
Also necessary for enzymatic reaction governing the release
of glucose from glycogen
Neurotransmitter synthesis
Hemoglobin synthesis and function
11. Biotin (Vit.H):
Symptoms of overt biotin deficiency include:
Hair loss (alopecia)
Conjunctivitis
Dermatitis in the form of a scaly red rash around the eyes,
nose, mouth, and genital area.
Neurological symptoms in adults such as depression, lethargy,
hallucination, and numbness and tingling of the extremities