3.
Culture refers to the whole ways of life of the
members of a society. It includes what they dress,
their marriage customs and family life, art, and
patterns of work, religious ceremonies, leisure
pursuits, and so forth.
These components are present in every society
• Symbols
• Language
• Beliefs
• Values
What is culture?
4.
There are two basic components of culture:
1. Ideas and symbols:
These are called nonmaterial culture, includes the
values, beliefs, symbols, and language that define a
society.
2. Artifacts:
These are material culture, includes all the society’s
physical objects, such as its tools and technology,
clothing, eating utensils, and means of transportation.
5.
Elements of culture are:
1. Social organization
2. Customs and traditions
3. Language
4. Religion
5. Art and literature
6. Forms of government
7. Economic systems
Elements of culture
6.
The family patterns and social classes of a culture
When a culture organize its members into smaller
groups
1. Families
2. Friends
3. Religious groups
4. Social classes
5. Occupation
1. Social Organization
7.
A custom (also called a tradition) is a law or right or
usual way, which is not written and is in practice
since a long time. It is any thing which lots of people
do, and have done for a long time. Usually, the
people come from the same country, culture, time or
religion.
Way people act, wear, what they eat, and their laws.
2. Customs and traditions
8.
Communication by word of mouth
Passing on traditions and beliefs
Without language it would be impossible to
develop, and transmit culture to the future
generation.
3. Language
9.
A system of beliefs that answers, questions about the
meaning of life
1. Monotheism: belief in one God
2. Polytheism: belief in more than one god
Major World Religions
Judaism, Christianity, Islam, Hinduism, Buddhism
4. Religion
10.
Teach about a culture’s values
Promote cultural pride and unity
Ways the people entertain themselves. There stories
they tell and how they dance. Its also the music they
listen to and there artwork.
5. Arts and Literature
11.
The people or group(s) that control the people and
provide/ enforce the laws
Types:
I. Democracy: people have supreme power
II. Republic: people choose leaders to represent them
III. Dictatorship: a ruler or group holds power by
force
6. Forms of government
12.
The method used by a society to produce and distribute
goods and services
TYPES:
I. Traditional: people produce most of what they need to
survive
II. Market: basic economic questions are answered by
buying/selling goods and services
III. Command: government controls answers to economic
questions
IV. Mixed: individuals make some economic decisions, the
government makes others
7. Economic Systems
13.
Technology
Cars, telephone, computers, TV
Environment Changes
New Ideas (like recycling)
Diffusion: movement of customs and ideas from one
place to another
Ways Cultures Change