GPON provides a cost-effective fiber access network solution for delivering high-speed broadband, voice, and video services to customers. It uses a point-to-multipoint architecture with a single optical fiber delivering services to multiple premises, reducing deployment costs compared to point-to-point networks. Major benefits of GPON include high bandwidth capacities of up to 2.5 Gbps, lower equipment and fiber deployment costs due to the shared infrastructure model, and the ability to support multiple services and protocols in their native formats. GPON is well-suited for fiber-to-the-home/business deployments and can also provide cost-effective backhaul solutions for mobile networks through its native TDM and all-IP capabilities

1. ADVANCED ACCESS NETWORK’S
THE CONVERGENCE CHALLENGE
(An Introduction to GPON)
Qasim Y. Khan
qasim@qasimkhan.com
Fixed Mobile Convergence Discussion Group LinkedIN

2. Multiple technologies?
High CAPEX?
High OPEX?
Low Band?
High power consumption?
Space?
Spares?

3. Currently deployed telecom access network solutions are
mostly TDM-based (for narrowband traffic, e.g. legacy
(telephony
(ATM-based (broadband traffic, e.g. ADSL
The result isa gap between access network technology and
service evolution trends
? When and how to upgrade AN

5. The Choices for Fiber Access
• There are 2 choices for Fiber Access:
– Point to Point
– Point to Multi-point
• Point to Point is sometimes called Active Ethernet
• Point to Multi-point is called PON (passive optical network)
Active
PON
Ethernet
OLT
Switch
Passive
Splitters
ONT #1 #1
ONT
ONT #1 #1
ONT
... ONT#192
ONT #1
ONU #1#1
ONT
ONT #1
... ONU#192

6. The Choices for Fiber Access
PON is analogous to wireless telephony (cellular)
Active Ethernet is analogous to wireline telephony
Active
PON
Ethernet
OLT
Switch
Passive
Splitters
ONT #1 #1
ONT
ONT #1 #1
ONT
... ONT#192
ONT #1
ONU #1 #1
ONT
ONT #1
... ONU#192
Both CapEx and OpEx cost savings favor PON

7. ?????????
Fib
er
Active
N
Ethernet
PO
GE
FTTC / VDS
L
N
G PO

8. Passive Optical Network
• No active electronics in the access network
• Shared fibre to the splitter
• Shared exchange equipment (OLT line card)
• Encryption prevents eavesdropping on downstream traffic
Optical
Telephone Splitter Network Unit
Exchange 1:32 ONU
Fibre
Optical Line
Terminal, OLT
8

9. PON A SIMPLE VIEW
• In a PON system, a single fiber connects multiple
customers toa single transceiver at the central office
(CO).
• The single fiber is split, using a passive optical
splitter, to serve up to 32,64 soon 128 customers.
• Not only does PON reduce the amount of fiber
required, but a single transceiver serves multiple
customers instead of requiring one per customer.

10. PON advantages
shared infrastructure translates to lower cost per customer
• minimal number of optical transceivers
• feeder fiber and transceiver costs divided by N customers
• greenfield per-customer cost similar to UTP
passive splitters translate to lower cost
• can be installed anywhere
• no power needed
• essentially unlimited MTBF
fiber data-rates can be upgraded as technology improves
• initially 155 Mbps
• then 622 Mbps
• now 1.25 Gbps
• soon 2.5 Gbps and higher

11. Types of PON
Downstream Upstream
1490 nm 1310 nm
BPON Broadband PON 622 Mbit/s 155 Mbit/s
EPON Ethernet PON 1 Gbit/s 1 Gbit/s
GPON Gigabit PON 2.5 Gbit/s 1.25 Gbit/s
10G- 10 Gbit/s EPON 10 Gbit/s 1/10 Gbit/s
EPON Due 2010
WDM- Wavelength division No standard No standard
PON multiplexed PON 1 wavelength 1 wavelength
per premises per premises
Dedicated fibre unlimited unlimited
11

12. What are PONs, BPONs, and GPONs?
• Passive Optical Networks (PONs) Attributes
– Fiber Access Technology with no active elements (i.e. electronic elements that
require no power) in the outside plant.
– Uses Passive optical splitters to distribute traffic to the customers.
– Consists of an Optical Line Terminator (OLT) located at the CO and many Optical
Network Terminals (ONTs) located at the customer’s premise.
• Broadband PON (BPON) Attributes
– Based on mature ITU-T G.983 series standards
– Provides up to 1.2Gbps Downstream and 622 Mbps Upstream capacities
– Provides a separate wavelength for downstream video transmission
• Gigabit Capable PON (GPON) Attributes
– Based on ITU-T G.984 series standards that are in progress
– Provides up to 2.5 Gbps capacities for both Downstream and Upstream
– Provides more efficient transport for data traffic

13. PON standards 2006
2488
GPON
1244
EPON
Downstream 622
(Mb/s)
BPON
155
155 622 1244 2488
Upstream (Mb/s)

14. GPON

15. GPON Definition
A Gigabit Passive Optical Network (GPON) provides direct support
of TDM and Ethernet traffic in their native formats using the Giga-
bit Encapsulation method (GEM.)
GPON also supports all Ethernet protocols as wells as VLANs,
quality and class of service, IGMP and other layer 2+ mechanisms
required to accommodate various IP-based services.
GPON typically uses the Advanced Encryption Standard (AES) for
security purposes.

16. GPON Benefits
• Supports Gigabit or above data rates on the PON
• Optimizes the physical layer for
– Higher data rates for BW intensive applications (e.g. IP Video)
– Greater Distance - reach more customers from the CO
– More Splits - Reach more customers from a single PON
• Offers a more bandwidth efficient protocol for data centric services
• Has the capability to support multiple services in their native formats.
–ATM
–Packet (e.g. Ethernet)
–TDM

17. The ITU and FSAN
• In the late 1990’s a “Clandestine” group of operators was
formed:
– Objective: “Global Domination of the Fiber Access Market”
– The group called itself FSAN
The FSAN Committee
• FSAN stands for Full Service Access Network
• Loosely affiliated with the ITU
• Develops all PON standards prior to submission to the ITU
• FSAN membership consists of both operators and vendors
• But operators make all final decisions
• Membership of vendors is tightly controlled by FSAN
Operators

18. STANDARDS
PON standards SETTING BODIES
• FSAN - Full Service Access Network is an organization for standardizing
APON, BPON, and GPON in ITU-T G.983.x
– FSAN composed of major telco operators worldwide
– Standards have been written and are mature
– Enhancements continue to be made
– Standardized products have begun to enter market
• IEEE - Ethernet in the First Mile (EFM) study group is currently working on
standardizing EPON
– Standards work is ongoing
– Initial draft planned by end of 2003
– Comprised primarily of vendors with some operator participation

19. The IEEE
• IEEE well known Protocols
– 802.3 Ethernet
– 802.11 WiFi
– 802.16 WiMAX
• IEEE Membership is diverse
– System vendors, chip vendors, optics vendors, industry cunsultants
and academia
• IEEE Voting
– Each member gets one vote
– No limit to the number of votes from a given company
• “Personality” of IEEE standards reflect interests of Vendors
– Often leads to low-cost solution
– Often only hits 80% of market
– Often doesn’t produce migration strategy
• IEEE standards don’t necessarily reflect Operator Preferences

20. The ITU
• ITU well known Protocols
– SDH
– V 5.2
– ISDN
– VoIP protocols H.248 and H.323
• ITU Membership
– Membership controlled by ITU Member-Countries
– Membership open to Operators, Institutions, and Vendors
• ITU Voting
– Voting is through consent
– Each company get one vote
– Companies can object (but can’t stall process)
• “Personality” of ITU standards reflect interests of Operators
– Addresses the operator requirements
– Addresses the operator constraints
– Addresses the service provider’s operational models
– Not focused solely on low cost
– Duration of Standardization Process relatively short

21. Standards Comparison
ITU (GPON) IEEE (P-P & EPON)
Mission/Objective Full Service Access Network Ethernet in the First Mile (EFM)
(FSAN)
Attendees Service Provider focused Enterprise and consumer market
focused
Committee Operating Protocol Carriers drive and approve One person- One vote
vendors technical
recommendations
Wavelengths Specified Specified
Maximum PON Speeds 2.4 Gb/s 1.25 Gb/s
Bandwidth efficiency Greater than 90% Less than 75%
Attenuation Range 25 dB 24 dB
QoS Specified Left to vendor
Network synchronization Specified Left to vendor
Security Specified Left to vendor

22. Major Members Of Full
Service Access Network (FSAN)
FSAN Recommends Standards to the International Telecommunications Union (ITU)

23. All over the world operators go for PON - PON subscribers will dominate PTP subscribers
60.000
Subscribers (000)
Worldwide fiber deployments
50.000
40.000
PON
30.000
P2P
20.000
10.000
-
2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012
Source: Broadband trends, 10/2007

24. GPON System Architecture
SFU
G-Light
Residential
GigE
IP 2.4 MDU
1.2 G-Light
10GigE GPON Splitters
1:8
1:32
GigE 1:64
TDMoP SBU
GW
G-Light
TDM: STM E1,
-1,
Business
TDM
MTU
G-Light
OLT ODN ONUs/ONTs
MTU – Multi Tenat Unit
SBU – Small Bussiness Unit
MDU – Multi-Dwelling Unit - apartment buildings
SFU – Single Family Unit

25. GPON technology introduction
Central Office or Fiber Passive
Remote Terminal Distribution Outside Plant
20 km (12.4 mi.)
AWS/WAM 7342
P-OLT Splitters
1,490 nm 2.4 Gb/s
1,310 nm 1.2 Gb/s
> Voice, data and video (bi-directional) for 32 (or 64) subscribers over a single fiber
> 2.4/1.2 Gb/s data rate over two wavelengths
> Up to 20 km (12.4 mi.) span
> GEM (packet) based encapsulation on the PON.
> In band video support.
> FSAN standards compliant OLT and ONT system

26. The Market Opportunities for GPON
• There are Numerous Market Opportunities for GPON
– Lower OpEx
– Greater Service Offering
– Future-proof investment
• The real question is When and Where does it make
economic sense to deploy GPON
• The quickest application appears to be the Developer
Market and ‘Smart FTTH’ Communities

27. PON Fiber in the Access

28. PON Network Splits Single Fiber Link Into Individual Links to Subscribers

29. T
The FTTH Access Network – OLTs In The Central Office, ONUs in CPEs
h
e
F
T
T
H
A
c
c
e
s
s
N
e
t
w
o
r
k

30. Consumer’s BandWidth Requirements Met by FTTH
Web Surfing
Video Conferencing, Premises Surveillance
GPON are premium for ALL
services!!! SDTV VOD, Telecommuting
File Sharing, Home Video Sharing/Streaming
Real Time SDTV, Network PVR
VDSL2 can cover even
Multi-Player Gaming, Interactive Distance Learning
the HDTV service !
Premises Web Hosting
Telemedicine
ADSL2+ can cover the Large File Sharing
Triple-play service HDTV VOD
bandwidth requirement.
Next Hosted Applications & Storage
FTTH (per sub)
VDSL2
ADSL2+
Cable Modem
Dial-up
Upstream 150 100 25 20 10 5 0 5 10 15 20 25 100 150 Downstream
Mbps

31. Comparison of DSL, Cable and FTTH Technology Bandwidth

32. GPON – RIGHT CHOICE FOR UAN
FIXED ACCESS CORE
Premise
Mobile
Wimax
VPN
CPE
Houses /
Villas Local Exchange
IMS
Flats IP/MPLS Internet
IP-TV
2G / 3G
BTS
VoD
Edge Node
Flats
Access Node
Passive splitter
Office
Fiber
building

33. FTTH Fixed Access Network Architecture.
Fixed Access Development - Overview

34. GPON BACKHAUL

35. Challenge: Conflict of Backhaul Bandwidth Requirement & Cost
Mobile Broadband Backhaul
• Mobile broadband developing leads
to bearing bandwidth increase 50
times, and the cost of backhaul will
increase 10 times.
• Data service consume more
bandwidth but bring less revenue
per bit in mobile broadband era. Leased Line Cost
R e g io n E1
• How to reduce the backhaul cost is N o r t h A m e r ic a 4 0 0 U S D /M o n t h
a big challenge for mobile operator. Eu ro p e （ B T ） 7 0 0 ～ 1 9 5 0 E u r o /M
J a p a n （ E m o b ile 1 1 0 0 U S D /M o n t h
）
• LL cost according to distance & bandw idth
• Exclude Installation fee, according to existing
cable & office, charge from 700 to 60000Euro

36. GPON Backhaul Solution – Native TDM
MGCF
MGW
ONT BSC IP CSCF
BTS SDH Core
OLT GMSC
ONT
RNC SGSN
NodeB MSC
• Voice and data flow offload from BTS/NodeB.
• OLT forward voice flow to SDH network and data to IP network.
• Clock delivered from SDH network through GPON line to BTS/NodeB.
• Suitable for operators to reuse SDH network and develop IP network to carry increasing data
traffic.

37. GPON Backhaul Solution – ALL IP
MGCF
MGW
PTN BSC IP
ONT
BTS Metro Core CSCF
Ethernet
OLT GMSC
PTN
RNC
SGSN
ONT TDM Pseudowire MSC
NodeB
• Suitable for operators to deploy ALL IP backhaul network, and access residential / enterprise
subscribers together.
• TDM PWE3,Core and aggregation network is IP,GPON Native TDM mode to carry legacy service.
• Smoothly upgrade from Native TDM solution (SDH) without replacing ONT

38. Synchronization for GPON Backhaul – Option 1
Offload scenario,
Distribute clock through
SDH network Distribute clock through
CBU recover clock and
deliver to NodeB/BTS Synchronous Ethernet or
through E1/BITS or E1/STM-1 to Aggr GW
synchronous Ethernet BSC
NodeB
N*E1
E1 N*E1/
OLTSTM-1
SDH
ONT ATM
GPON STM-1
FE
RNC
10GE Reference
BTS GE
E1 clock
IP
OLT use the clock as Input clock to RNC/
OLT distribute clock
system clock BSC
through GPON line
SDH deliver the Clock synchronization signal to OLT.
Saving the investment by reuse existing SDH network.
No need any change within the whole network
It is the most suited clock solution currently as this is readily available in the network.

39. Synchronization for GPON Backhaul – Option 2
BITS/SDH
N*E1
BTS/NB
E1 BSC
ONT
TDM N x E1
/ch-STM-1
Fiber
IP/MPLS Metro FE/GE/
BTS/NB 10GE 10GE /ATM STM-1
ONT OLT PTN RNC
PE-Agg
POP Gateway
LTE
ONT Clock D/R
WIMAX
 Using IEEE 1588v2 for the synchronization
 This requires the whole network to support IEEE 1588v2
 It will be the future option for mobile backhaul.

40. ITU-T G.984 standard for GPON reliability-Type B
Enterprise A
Telco site
Eth Switch
SBU
LAN
Type B Protection OLT
MSTP Business
Enterprise B Cloud
2 protected points
LAN

41. ITU-T G.984 standard for GPON reliability-Type C
Enterprise A
Telco site
Type C Protection
Eth Switch
SBU 5 protected points OLT
LAN
Business
Enterprise B MSTP
Cloud
LAN

42. When required?
Add more protection between splitter and SBU or MDU
Also Provide dual homing to two different OLT.
No big difference with Type B.

43. GPON SECURITY

44. GPON system security solution
AES
AES
Internet
• Line encryption technology • System security
AES (Advanced Encryption Standard)128 • VLAN isolation
• MAC filter
• ACL
Security • Anti DOS
• User security authentication • Anti MAC/IP/ARP/DHCP
• RADIUS
• Network security
• SSH
• User security
• SNMP v3
• DHCP Option 60/82

45. GPON encryption
OLT encrypts using AES-128 in counter mode
Only payload is encrypted (not ATM or GEM headers)
Encryption blocks aligned to GTC frame
Counter is shared by OLT and all ONUs
– 46b = 16b intra-frame + 30 bits inter-frame
– intra-frame counter increments every 4 data bytes
• reset to zero at beginning of DS GTC frame
OLT and each ONU must agree on a unique symmetric key
OLT asks ONU for a password (in PLOAMd)
ONU sends password US in the clear (in PLOAMu)
– key sent 3 times for robustness
OLT informs ONU of precise time to start using new key

46. PON
architecture
PONs Slide 46

47. Terminology
like every other field, PON technology has its own terminology
• the CO head-end is called an OLT
• ONUs are the CPE devices (sometimes called ONTs in ITU)
• the entire fiber tree (incl. feeder, splitters, distribution fibers) is an ODN
• all trees emanating from the same OLT form an OAN
• downstream is from OLT to ONU (upstream is the opposite direction)
downstream
upstrea
NNI m
Optical Distribution Network Optical Network Units
cor
e splitter
Optical Line Terminal UNI
Optical Access Network Terminal Equipment
PONs Slide 47

48. PON principles
(almost) all PON types obey the same basic principles
OLT and ONU consist of
• Layer 2 (Ethernet MAC, ATM adapter, etc.)
• optical transceiver using different λs for transmit and receive
• optionally: Wavelength Division Multiplexer
downstream transmission
• OLT broadcasts data downstream to all ONUs in ODN
• ONU captures data destined for its address, discards all other data
• encryption needed to ensure privacy
upstream transmission
• ONUs share bandwidth using Time Division Multiple Access
• OLT manages the ONU timeslots
• ranging is performed to determine ONU-OLT propagation time
additional functionality
• Physical Layer OAM
• Autodiscovery
• Dynamic Bandwidth Allocation
PONs Slide 48

49. Why a new protocol ?
downstream
PON has a unique architecture
upstrea
• (broadcast) point-to-multipoint in DS direction m
• (multiple access) multipoint-to-point in US direction
contrast that with, for example
• Ethernet - multipoint-to-multipoint
• ATM - point-to-point
This means that existing protocols
do not provide all the needed functionality
e.g. receive filtering, ranging, security, BW
allocation
PONs Slide 49

50. Advantages of Gpon
• Speed
• Flexibility
• Responsivness
• Interoperability

51. Interoperability

52. GPON BENEFITS AND
CONCULUSIONS

53. COMPARISON OF PON WITH OTHER BROAD BAND ACCESS
TECHOLOGIES (DSL,VDSL, cable/modem)
ADVANTAGES
• These include a long-term life expectancy of the fiber
infrastructure,
• lower operating costs through the reduction of
“active components, support for greater distances
between equipment nodes
• most importantly, much greater bandwidth.
DSL-certain megabits per sec, FTTH pon 1 to 2.5Gbps

54. • Since Pon uses only passive components
it has low power requirements
less no of technicians
cost savings up 40 t0 60%
Savings mainly result from lower customer contacts
associated with service orders and trouble reporting,
outside plant operations, central office operations, and
network operations.
• It provides high bandwidth for high-speed Internet access,
video on demand,IPTV and voice over IP (VoIP) .

55. An illustration of an Ideal
Access Network for
Convergence Fixed /
Mobile Applications

56. CLOSING REMARKS
ICT Infrastructures are best delivered with GPON FTTH
technologies
Increasing Bandwidth Demand required Platforms with
Long Term Readiness and can deliver higher bandwidth
today.
Convergence will remain a myth without Interoperable
lower OPEX Access Platforms.
GPON offers more services over a single Access Network
with lower Fiber Cost and Long Term Readiness.
Incumbents are upgrading on GPON and new Carriers are
evaluation more diverse revenue opportunities from
GPON.

57. END OF PRESENTATION
THANK YOU
EMAIL: qasim@qasimkhan.com