2. Hot Technologies in 2019
and Beyond
Prof. Ahmed Banafa
IoT-Blockchain-AI Expert | Faculty | Author | Keynote Speaker
CA, USA

3. Many Thanks to:

5. Next Events:
• Webinar “ Blockchain Applications” on May 18th , 12 noon – 1PM
• Workshop “ Hands-on Blockchain “ on June 8th, 9 AM – 2 PM

6. Prof. Ahmed Banafa has extensive research work with focus
on IoT, Blockchain, cybersecurity and AI. He served as a
faculty at well-known universities and colleges.
He is the recipient of several awards, including Distinguished
Distinguished Tenured Staff Award, Instructor of the year
year and Certificate of Honor from the City and County of
of San Francisco.
He was named as No.1 tech voice to follow by LinkedIn,
featured in Forbes, IEEE-IoT and MIT Technology Review,
Review, with frequent appearances on ABC, CBS, NBC and
and Fox TV and Radio stations.
He studied Electrical Engineering at Lehigh University,
Cybersecurity at Harvard University, and Digital
Transformation at MIT .
Author of two books “Secure & Smart IoT using Blockchain &
Blockchain & AI” & “Blockchain Technology and
Prof. Ahmed Banafa

7. Two Books about the topics
August 2019Nov. 2018

10. Internet of Things (IoT)

11. What is IoT
Internet of Things, commonly known as IoT is a very general term that
includes all sorts of different devices that are being connected to each
other and are able to exchange information. Up to 50 Billion devices
by 2020.
Quora

13. • By 2020, the Internet of Things
(IoT) is predicted to generate an
additional $344B in revenues, as
well as to drive $177B in cost
reductions.
• They are in the hands of
employees, covering routine
management issues and
boosting their productivity by
40-60% [1].

14. IoT trend 1: Growth in Data and Devices
• By the end of this year there will be around 3.6 billion devices that are
actively connected to the Internet and used for daily tasks according to IT
Pro [8].

15. • With the introduction of 5G that will open the door for more devices,
and data traffic.
• You can add to this trend the increase adoption of edge computing
which will make it easier for business to process data faster and close to
the points of action [5].

16. IoT trend 2: IoT and Digital Transformation
• IoT is a key driver of digital transformation in several industries.
• Sensors, RFID tags, and smart beacons have already started the next
industrial revolution.
• Market analysts predict the number of connected devices in the
manufacturing industry will double between 2018 and 2020.

17. • These devices are a total game changer for the many industries,
disrupting every part of the production process from development to
supply chain management.
• Manufacturers will be able to prevent delays, improve production
performance.
• Another example; in 2019; 87% of healthcare organizations will have
adopted IoT technology.

18. IoT trend 3: More Investments in IoT
• IoT’s undisputable impact has and will continue to lure more startup
venture capitalists towards highly innovative projects in hardware,
software and services.
• Spending on IoT will hit 1.4 trillion dollars by 2021 according to the
International Data Corporation (IDC) [7].

19. • IoT is one of the few markets that have the interest of the emerging as
well as the traditional venture capitalists.
• The spread of smart devices and the increase dependency of customers
to do many of their daily tasks using them, will add to the excitement of
investing in IoT startups.

20. • Customers will be waiting for the next big innovation in IoT—such as
smart mirrors that will analysis your face and call your doctor if you look
sick, smart ATM machine that will incorporate smart security cameras,
smart forks that will tell you how to eat and what to eat, and smart beds
that will turn off the lights when everyone is sleeping [5][14].

21. IoT trend 4: Expansion of Smart IoT
• IoT is all about connectivity and processing, nothing will be a better
example than smart cities , but smart cities have been in a bit of a
holding pattern recently.

22. • Smart sensors around the neighborhood will record everything from
walking routes, shared car use, building occupancy, sewage flow, and
temperature choice 24/7 with the goal of creating a place that’s
comfortable, convenient, safe, and clean for those who live there.
• Once the model is perfected, it could be the model for other smart
neighborhoods and eventually smart cities [2].

23. • Another area of spreading smart IoT is auto industry with self-driving
cars become a normal occurrence in the next few years, today tons of
vehicles have a connected app that shows up to date diagnostic
information about the car.
• This is done with IoT technology, which is at the heart of the connected
vehicle.

24. IoT trend 5: Artificial Intelligence and IoT Data
• Artificial intelligence is the fundamental ingredient needed to make
sense of the vast amount of data collected these days, and increase its
value for business.
• AI will help IoT data analysis in the following areas:
• data preparation,
• data discovery,
• visualization of streaming data,
• time series accuracy of data,
• predictive and advance analytics,
• real-time geospatial and location (logistical data).

25. IoT trend 6: Fog Computing & IoT
• Fog computing is a technology that distributed the load of processing
and moved it closer to the edge of the network (sensors in case of IoT).
• The benefits of using fog computing are very attractive to IoT solution
providers.

26. • Some of these benefits allow users
• minimize latency,
• conserve network bandwidth,
• operate reliably with quick decisions,
• collect and secure a wide range of data,
• move data to the best place for processing with better analysis and insights of
local data.
• Microsoft announced a $5 billion investment in IoT, including fog/edge
computing [3][4][5].

27. IoT trend 7: IoT and Blockchain
• The current centralized architecture of IoT is one of the main reasons for
the vulnerability of IoT networks.
• With billions of devices connected and more to be added, IoT is a big
target for cyber-attacks, which makes security extremely important.

28. • Blockchain offers new hope for IoT security for several reasons.
• First, Blockchain is public, everyone participating in the network of
nodes of the Blockchain network can see the blocks and the transactions
stored and approves them, although users can still have private keys to
control transactions.

29. • Second, Blockchain is decentralized, so there is no single authority that
can approve the transactions eliminating Single Point of Failure (SPOF)
weakness.
• Third and most importantly, it's secure—the database can only be
extended and previous records cannot be changed.

30. • In the coming years manufactures will recognize the benefits of having
blockchain technology embedded in all devices and compete for labels
like “Blockchain Certified”[3][5].

31. IoT trend 8: IoT and Standardization
• Standardization is one of the biggest challenges facing growth of IoT—
it’s a battle among industry leaders who would like to dominate the
market at an early stage.

32. • Digital assistant devices, including
HomePod, Alexa, and Google Assistant,
are the future hubs for the next phase
of smart devices, and companies are
trying to establish “their hubs” with
consumers, to make it easier for them
to keep adding devices with less
struggle and no frustrations [3][5].

33. • But what we have now is a case of fragmentation.
• One possible solution is to have a limited number of vendors
dominating the market, allowing customers to select one and stick to it
for any additional connected devices, similar to the case of operating
systems we have now have with Windows, Mac and Linux for example,
where there are no cross-platform standards [3][5].

34. • To understand the difficulty of standardization, we need to deal with all
three categories in the standardization process:
• Platform,
• Connectivity,
• Applications.
• In the case of platform, we deal with UX/UI and analytic tools, while
connectivity deals with customer’s contact points with devices, and last,
applications control, collect and analyze data.

35. • All three categories are inter-related and we need them all, missing one
will break that model and stall the standardization process [3][5].

36. • There is no way to solve the problem of fragmentation without a strong
push by organizations like IEEE or government regulations to have
common standards for IoT devices [3][5].

37. IoT trend 9: IoT Skills Shortage
• While investment in the Internet of Things (IoT) is set to reach over $1
trillion by 2020, according to IDC, the need for IoT skills may just hamper
this growth.
• In fact, according to a Canonical report, 68% of businesses still struggle
to hire IoT experts [10].
• The latest Tech Job Watch report from Experis showed a 35% increase in
the demand for technology skills since this time last year, as businesses
look to harness the power of IoT [11][13].

38. • Universities cannot keep up with the demand, so to deal with such
shortage, companies have established internal training programs to build
their own teams, upgrading the skills of their own engineering teams and
training new talents.
• This trend will continue, representing an opportunity for new engineers
and a challenge for companies [3][5].

40. Blockchain

42. But what is Blockchain?

44. Best Definition of
Blockchain?

45. Cryptography +Human Logic
Dr. Abel Sanchez -MIT

46. The Five Components of a Blockchain:
•Cryptography
•P2P Network
•Consensus Mechanism
•Ledger
•Validity Rules

51. Blockchain Tracks
To understand the direction of Blockchain technology in 2019
and beyond, we need to recognize the three tracks of blockchain
technology:

53. Source: 101Blockchain

54. Consumer Adoption
8
%
Americans that hold
crypto
$3B
US Crypto Trading Fees -
2018
1,700
Bitcoin ATM locations in the
US
Ethereum Classic Lab

55. Attheendof2018,36blockchainstartupshad been
acquired.
Roughly30%fromtheBayArea.
https://www.bizjournals.com/sanfrancisco/news/2018/10/18/ticketmaster-snaps-up-blockchain-
company.html

56. 2018 World Economic Forum survey suggested that
10 percent of global GDP will be stored on
blockchain by2027

57. Good News and Bad News !

61. Blockchain in 2019 ?
Paul Brody, Ernst & Young's (EY) Global Innovation Leader for
Blockchain Technology, said the Blockchain market over the past 18
months has been moving through an "explain this to me" phase
(PowerPoint) into the "prove it to me" phase (working conference
room pilots).

62. All Started with this paper …

63. https://nakamotoinstitute.org/bitcoin/

64. Implementation
2018-2019

65. Opportunities?

67. Proof of Work vs. Proof of Stake

68. Other Proof of X?

69. • Delignated Proof of Stake
• Proof of Authority
• Proof of Assignment
• Proof of View
• Proof of “You name it”

70. Soft Fork vs. Hard Fork

72. Some of the Myths…
Myth # 1: Smart contracts have the same legal value as regular contracts
Myth # 2: Blockchain is designed for Business interactions only
Myth # 3: Blockchain is Bitcoin
Myth # 4: Blockchain can only be used in the financial sector
Myth # 5: Blockchain records can never be hacked
Myth #6 : The Blockchain can be used for anything and everything.
Myth #7 : There is only one Blockchain
Myth # 8: Blockchain is free
Myth # 9: Blockchain is going to change the world

73. Some of the Challenges Facing Blockchain

74. www.zdnet.com

75. More Challenges …

76. • Scalability
• Processing Time
• Processing Power
• Storage
• Regulations
• Public perception (Blockchain is Bitcoin)
• Lack of skilled staff
• First Mile and Last Mile problem

77. Current solutions…

78. Source: 101Blockchain

79. Applications

81. Examples CVTrust, Accredible

82. Walmart-Led Blockchain Effort Seeks Farm-
to-Grocery-Aisle View of Food Supply Chain

83. How Blockchain Can Help Advertising
• For buy-side transparency: Blockchain for auditing
• For sell-side transparency: Proof-of-view to fight fraud
• PoV only records views from signed-in users, since the viewer’s unique ID is
part of the information required for a view to be considered valid.
• Since most people are only able to watch one video at a time, the PoV will
invalidate views from a user who is streaming multiple videos simultaneously.
• The PoV technology confirms that a video is actually being streamed by
capturing information about the current frame at random times.
• Using smart contracts to document views and who gets paid

84. MANUFACTURER
SERIALIZATION
AGGREGATION LOGISTICS SHIPPING WHOLESALER PHARMACY
1. Certificate of origin
2. Batch numbers
3. Processing data
1. Shipment date
2. Order number
3. HSS code
4. Barcode
1. Certificate of Origin
2. Batch number
3. Production data
1. Shipment date
2. Order number
3. HSS code
4. Temperature
5. Barcode
1. Order number
2. Shipment number
3. Equipment number
4. Temperature
1. Receive data
2. Pick date
3. Packaging specification
4. Packaging barcode
5. Temperature
1. Receive date
2. Order number
3. Invoice number
4. Customer ID
5. Temperature
Blockchain
Leverage Blockchain and Sensors to Enable Trust,
Transparency & Authenticity In Supply Chain
STATWEG

85. -By installing Bakkt’s payment software in stores customers will be able to pay with
crypto.
- Two year supply chain pilot utilizing traceability technology. The goal is to
contribute to financial independence of farmers, and to develop transparency for
consumers.
It allows evidence of a DocuSigned agreement to be automatically written to
Ethereum. For customers who want evidence of agreements to exist in a neutral
environment, not owned by any particular entity, this solution is ideal.
Acquired Upgraded to help with transparency, ticket distribution, and fraud
prevention. The technology enables Ticketmaster to digitize traditional tickets into
interactive units protected by blockchain technology via encrypted barcodes.
Ethereum Classic Lab

86. Verifying the Authenticity of Returned Drugs
• In the Pharma industry, drugs are frequently returned to the
pharmaceutical manufacturers.
• While the proportion of the returned drugs is small compared to the
sales (about 2–3% of sales), the per year volume is in the range of $7-
10 billion.
https://hackernoon.com/top-5-use-cases-of-blockchain-in-pharma-and-healthcare-that-you-should-know-about-77ccdd76369b

87. Industry Proof-of-Concept
Currently, Merck in partnership with SAP has developed the SAP Pharma
Blockchain POC app for this Use Case. SAP launched this first Proof of
Concept in Q3 2017, and a second one in early 2018.
The PoC for the Use Case works as follows,
• SAP’s existing solution called ATTP (Advanced Track and Trace for
Pharmaceuticals), generates unique identifiers for a drug package.
https://hackernoon.com/top-5-use-cases-of-blockchain-in-pharma-and-healthcare-that-you-should-know-about-77ccdd76369b

88. • When a manufacturer ships a package they register the item on the
SAP Pharma POC Blockchain, with the four pieces of information
generated by the ATTP; the item number (based on GS1 standard), a
serial number, a batch number, and an expiration date.
https://hackernoon.com/top-5-use-cases-of-blockchain-in-pharma-and-healthcare-that-you-should-know-about-77ccdd76369b

89. Who is actively hiring now!
• IBM
• Oracle
• EY

90. Glassdoor

91. …and
• Facebook (FaceCoin?) using StableCoin!

93. AI

94. What is AI
It is the science and engineering of making intelligent machines, especially
intelligent computer programs.
Professor John McCarthy

102. https://www.hci-kdd.org/2017/11/11/difference-ai-ml/

104. Challenges Facing AI
• Building Trust
• AI Human Interface
• Investment
• Software Malfunction
• Can Replace only Certain Tasks
• High Expectations

106. Cybersecurity

107. Cybersecurity is the practice of defending computers, servers, mobile
devices, electronic systems, networks, and data from malicious attacks.
It's also known as information technology security or electronic
information security.
Kaspersky Labs

108. Cybersecurity includes :
• Network security
• Application security
• Information security
• Operational security
• Disaster recovery and business continuity
• End-user education

109. Videos
Websites

110. • Fish Tank
• HAC Systems

114. Harvard Cybersecurity Program

116. Applications of IBAC Working Together!

121. Questions?

122. Thank you!
https://www.linkedin.com/in/ahmedbanafa (35k followers)
@BanafaAhmed