The document outlines a training on problem gambling that covers the history, neurobiology, and treatment of gambling addiction over two days of presentations and discussions. On the first day, participants will learn about the history, definitions, brain mechanisms, addiction connections, and treatment approaches to problem gambling. The second day will focus on family and cultural issues, hearing from a recovering problem gambler, and discussions on prevention.
7. “Young Entrepreneur
Opens Corvallis
Players Den”
Smith said that the most common
misconception about poker is that it
is gambling.
- Hannah Mahoney, The Daily Barometer, 3/4/11
Photo: Curtis Barnard. Source: http://ow.ly/4WSAz
8. Gambling
To risk money or
something of value on
the outcome of an
event.
9. Anything Can Be a Bet…
Image sources: sportsbet.com
Oddsshark.com, wagerminds.com
19. Groups: In-class discussion
1. Do a search for "online poker.“
2. Go to one of the sites that offers online poker. Is
it a ".net" or ".com"? If it's a ".net," change the
end of the URL to a ".com," and vice versa if it's a
".com.”
EXAMPLE: If you’re at fulltiltpoker.com, go to
fulltiltpoker.net
3. What changes between the URLs? What are the
differences in content? Be prepared to discuss.
23. Gambling: A Continuum
No Social At-Risk Problem Pathological
Gambling Experimentation
~74,000 Oregon adults “problem gamblers” (2.7%) 1
Teens (13-17 y.o.): 6% at risk or problem gamblers 2
College: 5.6% (nat’l figure)3 | 3% (UO) 4
Sources: 1. Moore (2006; ibid). 2. Volberg, Hedberg, & Moore (2008). 3. Shaffer & Hall (2001). 4. Northwest Survey &
Data Services (2007). 5. Moore (2001).
24. Identification: “Social” or
Problem Gambler?
Social Problem
Gambler Gambler
Occasional Frequent, preoccupied
Sticks w/ limits Plays w/needed $, borrows
Hopes to win, expects to
Hopes & expects to WIN
lose
Can take it or leave it Primary source of “fun”
25. Teasing it out: Gambling in the
context of “addiction”
DiClemente (2003) defines addiction as:
1. Solidly established, problematic pattern of a
pleasurable & reinforcing behavior
2. Physiological/psychological components of behavior
pattern that create dependence
3. Interaction of these components in an individual
which makes person resistant to change
26. Definitions
PATHOLOGICAL:
Persistent and recurrent
maladaptive gambling
“PATHOLOGICAL behavior...results in the
GAMBLING” also called LOSS OF CONTROL over
gambling. (DSM-IV)
“compulsive gambling” or
“gambling addiction”
27. Signs: Pathological
Gambling
1. Preoccupation with 6. “Chases” losses
gambling 7. Lies to others to conceal
2. Increases amount of money gambling
gambled 8. Has committed illegal acts
3. Unsuccessfully tries to quit 9. Has jeopardized
4. Restless or irritable when relationships
trying to cut down/stop 10. Relies on others to bail
5. Gambles as an escape him/her out
*”Pathological” gambling = At least five of above, and not accounted for by a Manic Episode.
Pathological Gambling is defined in DSM-IV as an “Impulse Control Disorder”
Source: American Psychological Association (1994).
30. Phases of Problem Gambling
Winning
Losing
Hitting “Bottom”
Desperation
Crime
Divorce
Depression/Suicide
Desperation
Getting help?
Source: Custer, R. (1980). “Custer Three Phase Model.”
31. Causes? (Risk Factors)
Trauma -- stemming Community norms/laws
from abuse or neglect
Early initiation
Mental health issues
Friends favorable toward
Substance use gambling
Parental attitudes &
behavior
Competitive family
32.
33. 1 in 175 1 in 175 million
1 in 175,000 1 in 175 billion
34. 1 in 175 Million
(174,233,510)
Odds of getting struck by lightning:
1 in 280,000
35. Let’s say there is 1 RED
popcorn kernel in this bag of
10,000 pieces of popcorn
….you’d have a better
chance of reaching in and
grabbing the one red kernel
of popcorn in this bag than
you would of winning
$100 on a powerball ticket
36. So…if your lucky numbers
have “almost” come up in the
last 5 drawings, are your
chances better, worse, or the
same?
48. Neurobiology
Still not well understood
Multiple neurotransmitter
systems believed involved:
Seratonin
Norepinephrine (aka
noradrenalin)
Opioid
Dopamine
Important to consider in
treatment
Source: Grant, 2006. Neurobiology and Pharmacological Treatment of Pathological Gambling.
49. Potential Neurotransmitter
Roles in PG
Role in Impulse
Neurotransmitter
Control
Serotonin Serotonin -- risk taking
Behavior Initiation/Cessation
Norepinephrine PGs - NE levels
Arousal, Excitement
Opioids Gambling - β-endorphin
Pleasure, Urges
Dopamine PGs - dopamine response
Reward, Reinforcement
Dopamine: most studied neurotransmitter in problem gambling
50. Gambling & The “Doped” Brain
Decisions that will likely cause us to
lose money vs. win money
Source: Brain Briefings (2007, October), Society for Neuroscience, Washington, DC
51. Vulnerable Populations
Older adults
College students
Ethnic minorities
Incarcerated persons
Military & veterans
Women
Substance abuse history
Mental health history
Youth
52. • Gambler’s fallacy
• Failure to see EACH roll of dice or EACH spin of wheel
as independent chance-related events
• “That slot machine is DUE to hit.”
• Illusion of control
• Relating winnings to skill, even in luck-based games
• “I’m smarter than that player.”
• Superstition
• Selective memory
Source: Tonneato, T. (1999). Cognitive psychopathology of problem gambling. Subst Use Misuse. Sep;34(11):1593-604.
56. What do you see when you look
below?
xx xx xx xx
57. Source: Tonneato, T. (1999). Cognitive psychopathology of problem gambling. Subst Use Misuse. Sep;34(11):1593-604.
58. Mental Health/Addictions Connections
Depression/mood disorders
Narcissistic personality disorder
PTSD
Impulsivity
ADHD
Substance abuse
Alcohol abuse
Sources Ledgerwood & Petry (2006). Kausch et al. (2006). Biddle et al. (2005). Oregon Health Authority (2010).
The WAGER (2002, February 12); Specker, et al., (1995); Kim & Grant (2001)
59. The “Addiction” Connection
Similarities? Differences?
Loss of control Defining “use” (gambling)
Denial Behavior not attributable to
Depression/mood swings chemical ingestion
Progressive No biological test
Tolerance
More intense sense of shame
Use as an escape
and guilt (anecdotal)
Preoccupation
Similar “highs” Unpredictable outcome
Self-help groups Fantasies of success /quitting
Family involvement is giving up hope
Use of rituals Easier to hide
Adapted from Andy Cartmill, Washington County H&HS
60. UO Survey 2010
A majority of students (62%) thought
problems with gambling could be
changed through ‘will power.’
At the same time, an even larger
majority (87%) agreed that gambling is
an addiction similar to a drug
or alcohol addiction.
61.
62. Name at least three typical
consequences that
someone may experience
due to his/her gambling
problem
64. The average problem
gambler in Oregon
gambling treatment owes
$4,000 in
gambling-related debts.
65. The average problem gambler in
Oregon gambling treatment owes
$30,000 in
gambling-related debts.
66. References
American Psychiatric Association. (2000). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (4th ed.,
text revision). Washington, DC: Author.
Cross, Del Carmen Lorenzo, & Fuentes (1999). The extent and nature of gambling among college student
athletes. Ann Arbor, MI: University of Michigan Department of Athletics.
Department of Defense (2002). Survey of health related behaviors among military personnel Washington,
DC: Author. Report information available http://www.tricare.mil/main/news/dodsurvey.htm
DiClemente, C. (2003). Addiction and change: How addictions develop and addicted people recover. New
York: Guilford Press.
ECONorthwest (2009). The contributions of Indian gaming to Oregon’s economy.
http://www.econw.com/reports/2009_ECONorthwest_Contributions-Indian-Gaming-Oregon-
Economy-2007.pdf
Engwall, Hunter & Steinberg (2004). Gambling and other risk behaviors on university campuses. Journal
of American College Health. 52 (6); 245-255.
Freimuth, M. (2008). Addicted? Recognizing Destructive Behavior Before It's Too Late
. Maryland: Rowman & Littlefield Publishers.
Kerber (2005). Problem and pathological gambling among college athletes. Annual of Clinical Psychiatry. 17
(4); 243-7.
LaBrie, R., Shaffer, H., LaPlante, D., and Wechslet, H. (2003). Correlates of college student gambling in
United States. Journal of American College Health. 52 (2); 53-62.
Moore , T.L. (2002.) The etiology of pathological gambling. Salem, OR: Department of Human Services.
http://www.oregoncpg.com
67. References
Moore, TL. (2006). Oregon gambling prevalence replication study. Salem, OR: Department
of Human Services. http://www.oregoncpg.com
Moore (2001). Older adult gambling in Oregon. Salem, OR: Department of Human Services.
http://www.oregoncpg.com
Northwest Survey & Data Services (2007). Lane County Health & Human Services college
gambling survey. http://www.preventionlane.org/gambling/college.htm
Oregon Health Authority, Problem Gambling Services (2011). Oregon problem gambling
awareness community resource guide. Salem, OR: Author.
Oregon Lottery (2009). Oregon State Lottery Behavior and Attitude Tracking Study.
November 2008. InfoTek Research Group, Inc.
Oregon Lottery (2008). Overview through fiscal year 2009. Salem, OR: Author.
Ramoski, S., Nystrom, R. (2007). The changing adolescent brain. Northwest Public Health.
http://www.nwpublichealth.org/archives/s2007/adolescent-brain
Rockey, D.L., Beason, K.R., & Gilbert, J.D. (2002). Gambling by college athletes: An
association between problem gambling and athletes.
http://www.camh.net/egambling/archive/pdf/EJGI-issue7/EJGI-issue7-research-
rockey.pdf
Shaffer, H.J., Donato, Labrie, Kidman, & LaPlante. (2005). The epidemiology of college
alcohol and gambling policies. Harm Reduction Journal. 2 (1).
Shaffer, H.J. & Hall, M.N. (2001). Updating and refining meta-analytic prevalence estimates
of disordered gambling behavior in the United States and Canada. Canadian Journal of
Public Health, 92(3), 168-172.
Volberg, R.A., Hedberg, E.C., & Moore, T.L. (2008). Adolescent Gambling in Oregon.
Northhampton, MA: Gemini Research. http://gamblingaddiction.org
68. problem
gambling
[Saturday afternoon]
Julie Hynes, MA, CPS
Substance Abuse Prevention Program
University of Oregon
69.
70. Name at least three typical
consequences that
someone may experience
due to his/her gambling
problem
77. Identification: Telling the
Difference
Social Gambler Problem Gambler
Occasional Frequent, preoccupied
Sticks w/ limits Plays w/needed $, borrows
Hopes to win, expects
Hopes & expects to WIN
to lose
Can take it or leave it Primary source of “fun”
78. Intervention
• Helpline
541.741.7107:
emergence
Or 24/7: 1.877.MY.LIMIT
• Referred to provider for
assessment
• Family members come
in; later bring gambler
in
79. Screening: The “Lie-Bet”
• Two questions to rule out pathological gambling
behavior
– 1) Have you ever felt the need to bet more and more
money?
– 2) Have you ever had to lie to people important to
you about how much you gambled?
• One or both “yes” answers indicate further
assessment needed
– Further evaluation can be made by calling
1-877-MY-LIMIT
80. Assessment Tools
• “Valid and Reliable”
– DSM-IV 10
– South Oaks Gambling Screen (SOGS)
– SOGS-RA (Revised for Adolescents)
• Frequently Used
– Gamblers Anonymous 20 Questions (GA-20)
81. DSM-IV Criteria Revisited
1. Preoccupation with 6. “Chases” losses
gambling
7. Lies to others to conceal
2. Increases amount of gambling
money gambled
8. Has committed illegal
3. Unsuccessfully tries to
quit acts
4. Restless or irritable 9. Has jeopardized
when trying to cut relationships
down/stop 10. Relies on others to bail
5. Gambles as an escape him/her out
Pathological Gambling =
Five or more of above, AND: The gambling behavior is not better
accounted for by a Manic Episode.
85. Emergence Gambling Treatment
Program
• Treatment free for gamblers and loved ones
– 275 problem gamblers and family members treated
last year
– Gender-specific
• Multimodal treatment
– Individual sessions - Family therapy
– Group sessions - Recreational
counseling
– Didactic lectures - Audiovisual educ.
• Suggest to explore 12-step program
86. Other Facts on
Gambling Treatment in Oregon
• Only about 2% of Oregonians who need treatment
enroll
• With unstable funding, enrollments dropped 20% in
the past year
• Those enrolling who lived within a 50 mile radius of a
casino were significantly more likely to report casino
as their primary venue
• 30% enter treatment through the state-wide helpline
87. Treatment is Effective
and Inexpensive
• $3,224: Cost per
successful
completer
• 86%: Report no,
or far reduced,
gambling
Source: Moore, T. 2011 Gambling Programs Evaluation Update.
88. Online: click here
Source: Written by Robert L. Custer, M.D; retrieved from Council on Compulsive Gambling of New Jersey, Inc..
89. Vulnerable Populations
• Older adults
• College students
• Ethnic minorities
• Incarcerated persons
• Military & veterans
•
•
Women
SA history
Tomorrow
• MH history
• Youth
93. Following up on yesterday
• South Oaks Gambling Screen (SOGS – Michele
discussed this):
http://www.addictionrecov.org/southoak.aspx
• Lane County treatment figures from 2010:
http://problemgamblingprevention.org/docs/2011-Oregon-Problem-Gambling-Data-Book-Data-includes-county-data.pdf
94. Outline:
Day 2
• Family dynamics & special populations: Janese
Olalde
• Recovering problem gambler: Dave is sick [we
decided on video substitution after class:
Please watch BBC Documentary for the
Discovery Channel (parts 1 – 4)
http://youtu.be/L7UVO5_zXj0 ]
• Prevention
• Wrapping up
99. False
The main reason
a gambler’s
relationships end
is betrayal
and distrust.
100. FAMILY ISSUES
Rage and panic
Distrust
Lost respect
Relationships weakened
or destroyed
Employment affected
Financial crisis
Reputation damaged
101. EFFECTS ON
FAMILY
Worries
Unpaid bills
Make excuses for
gambling
Less time with family
Partner feels rejected
Attempts to control gambling
103. True or False?
The best thing a family member can do
to help the gambler is to loan him/her
money.
104. False
Bailing out the gambler only
perpetuates the problem and the
gambling.
105. Family Financial Issues
Create own avenue to financial stability
(employment or other)
Protect financial assets
Close joint accounts
Use automatic/electronic
deposits for gambler’s income
NO BAILOUTS!
106. Protect Family
Get documentation of assets
Retirement accounts
Life insurance policies
College savings funds
Investments
• Consult financial specialist or lawyer as
appropriate
107. FAMILY TREATMENT ISSUES
Allow venting of rage and betrayal
Education of compulsive gambling as an illness
Family Groups
Renew sense of hope
Empowerment
Seek support – treatment
GAM-ANON
DON’T KEEP SECRETS!
108. Couple Issues
in Therapy
Sequencing with individual work
Assess possibility of domestic violence
Impact on partner and children
Role of money in the relationship
Deal with hurt, anger, mistrust
Dealing with “unfolding truths”
109. Measuring Trust
On a Scale of 1 to 10:
Where is it now?
What is the worst it has ever been?
What is the best it has ever been?
How you would like it to be?
Question: What small day-to-day things does it take to
move up the scale one point at a time?
110. Effects of Problem Gambling on
Children
Prone to abuse and/or neglect
Child endangerment may increase
Higher levels of tobacco,
alcohol, drug use, and overeating than
peers
Higher risk of pathological gambling
Suffer effects from lack of financial
stability
111. THOUGHTS, FEELINGS, ANTICIPATION, FANTASY
(Gambler’s Mind, “Gambling Time/Gambling Money”)
ACTION CYCLE
REALITY
(Self with Others,
“Real Time, Real Money
PLANNING
(Removing obstacles
to gambling)
CRASH
Guilt, Shame, Anger, Denial,
Justification, Restless, Irritable, GAMBLING
Depression, Panic or Numb, (“Winning & Losing”)
Suicidal Thoughts Serotonin
Adrenaline
Dopamine
112. ACTION CYCLE
Three Ingredients for Gambling:
MONEY
TIME
LOCATION
Interrupt Action Cycle – Create Safety Zone:
Barriers to Money
Treatment
Support Systems
Accountability
H.A.L.T.S.
115. YOUTH
Teen problem gamblers have higher rates of:
Family problems
Crime
Peer relationship problems
Legal and money troubles
Depression; suicidal thoughts and attempts
Dissociative, “escape” behaviors
Risk of other addictions
School problems
116. SENIOR
Increased risk due to:
Loneliness –
(used to socialize)
Isolation
Physical illness
Mental illness or Cognitive Impairment
Boredom – lots of free time
Other?
117. AFRICAN AMERICAN
POSSIBLE BARRIERS TO SEEKING TREATMENT:
Dream of overcoming poverty
“Hero” role in family
High level of shame
Lack of anonymity in small
community
Sense of independence
(“take care of our own”)
118. AFRICAN AMERICAN
Possible Barriers:
Concern about profiling – might be reluctant to “enter
the system” as might be labeled
Male and females roles are defined differently than
dominant society – more matriarchal
Other?
119. NATIVE AMERICAN
POSSIBLE BARRIERS TO SEEKING TREATMENT:
• Tradition of gambling in the history
• “Save face” if win big and can help family
• Social venue for elders
• Respect for elders (difficult to confront)
• High level of shame on family and generations
previous
• High probability of cross addiction
120. NATIVE AMERICAN
Limited Native American focused gambling treatment
available
Lack of a spirituality focus in gambling treatment
Availability of gambling activities and gambling
establishment-related employment for the community
Diversity of tribes with rituals, values and beliefs
Other?
121. ASIAN AMERICAN
BARRIERS TO TREATMENT:
Large diverse Asian population with
numerous dialects
Widespread use of gambling in Asia
High sense of shame related to effects
on family
Ethic of respect for elders
Distrust of dominant society due to
history of mistreatment of Asians
Isolation - “Invisible” population
Other?
122. HISPANIC/LATINO
BARRIERS TO SEEKING TREATMENT:
Language/Dialects
Isolation
Large diverse Latino community
Lack of education of
compulsive/problem gambling
General acceptance of gambling as
leisure activity
“American dream” to get rich
General distrust of dominant society
Other?
124. “The earlier people begin
gambling, the more likely
they are to experience
problems from gambling.”
- National Academy of Sciences
125. Not Your Uncle’s Gambling
Research
on:
Youth gambling still under-studied & under the radar
126.
127.
128.
129.
130.
131.
132. •Amygdala active
• Fight or flight, emotion “The adolescent brain is
especially sensitive to the
• Decision-making effects of dopamine.
altered
•More vulnerable to risk-
taking & impulsive
behaviors
Source: Ramoski, S., Nystrom, R. (2007).
133. Gambling & Oregon Teens
• Six in 10 Oregon (63 percent) have gambled
• 46 percent gambled in the past year
• 3 percent gamble weekly or more
• Six percent problem gamblers or at risk
• Preferred games in order:
– Free Internet gambling-type games
– Cards (poker)
– Sports bets
– Games of personal skill
Source: Volberg, et al (2008; bid).
135. Youth gambling and alcohol use
Used alcohol in the past month
100%
90%
80%
70%
60%
Percentage
50%
Did not gamble Gambled
40%
30%
20%
10%
0%
Grade 6 Grade 8 Grade 11
136. Youth gambling and binge drinking
Binge drank in past 30 days
50%
45%
40%
35%
30%
Percentage
25%
Did not gamble Gambled
20%
15%
10%
5%
0%
Grade 6 Grade 8 Grade 11
137. Youth gambling and smoking
Smoked cigarettes in the past month
50%
45%
40%
35%
30%
Percentage
25%
Did not gamble Gambled
20%
15%
10%
5%
0%
Grade 6 Grade 8 Grade 11
138. Youth gambling and marijuana
Used marijuana in the past month
50%
45%
40%
35%
30%
Percentage
25%
Did not gamble Gambled
20%
15%
10%
5%
0%
Grade 6 Grade 8 Grade 11
139. Youth gambling and skipping
school
Skipped school one or more days in the past month
50%
45%
40%
35%
30%
Percentage
25%
Did not gamble Gambled
20%
15%
10%
5%
0%
Grade 6 Grade 8 Grade 11
140. Youth gambling and suicide attempts
Percent of youth who attempted suicide in the past
year
30%
25%
Percentage
20%
Did not gamble
15% 11.3%
9.0% Gambled
10% 7.2%
5.0%
5%
0%
Grade 8 Grade 11
141. Youth gambling and suicide
attempts
Percent of youth that attempted suicide in the past
year
30%
25% 21.0% Did not
18.6% bet/gamble
Percentage
20%
more than
15% wanted to
10.1%
10% 8.0%
Bet/gambled
5% more than
wanted to
0%
Grade 8 Grade 11
144. Conclusion:
Teens who gamble are
smoked up, toked up,
drunk emo delinquents.
145. Conclusion:
Teens who gamble are
smoked up, toked up,
drunk emo delinquents.
146. Problem Gambling is
ONE COMPONENT of Problem
Behaviors
sexual
behavior
delinquency
Problem
smoking
Behaviors
gambling
drug
use
147. …yet parents don’t see it.
2010 Oregon Student Wellness
Survey, Lane County
Parents Discussed Gambling Parents Discussed Substance Use
100
90
80 75.1
Percentage
69.4
70 65.0
61.7
60
50 46.8
40 33.8
30
20
10
0
6th 8th 11th
Grade
Data Source: Oregon Student Wellness Survey, 2010
148. Targeting Parental Attitudes
Parental attitudes
Oregon parent/youth focus
groups revealed:
– All parents in the groups said their kids didn’t
gamble
– All kids in the groups said they did gamble
– Neither sees gambling as risky
149. Targeting Parental Attitudes
Most parents believe:
• Youth gambling is harmless
• Youth who gamble are unlikely to have
problems in school
• Youth gambling is not associated with alcohol
or drug use
…and those beliefs are part of the problem
150. Teachers aren’t teaching it.*
2010 Oregon Student Wellness Survey, Lane County
Teachers Discussed Gambling Special Class About Substance Use
100
90
80
Percentage
72.3
70
58.8
60
50 43.3
38.9
40
28.9
30
22.2
20
10
0
6th 8th 11th
*Most teachers find themselves with less time to address health in general,
and are asked to cover a variety of topics. Grade
ata Source: Oregon Student Wellness Survey, 2010
151. Risk Factors
• Single-parent household • Started gambling before
• Gambling on 8th grade (early
cards/sports initiation)
• Being male, older teen • Parents who gamble--
• Lower household income youth twice as likely to
be at-risk gamblers &
• Competitive
four times as likely to be
• Having lost more than problem gamblers
$50 in a single month
Source: Volberg, et al (2008; bid).
152. Creating conditions in families, schools, and
communities that promote the wellbeing
of people
–Emotional and behavioral health
–Physical health
153. Prevention:
Statewide & Local Efforts
Partnership with Department of
Education
Curriculum integration in schools
Youth video
Oregon youth prevalence study
Community Resource Guide*
Middle School Poster Contest
Partnering with addictions prevention
providers/groups
Policy & coalition work
Resource guide can be downloaded at: http://lanecounty.org/prevention/gambling/opgaw.htm
159. Targeting Those At Higher Risk
• Alternative high schools
• School counselors
• At risk youth programs
• Youth detention facilities
• Adolescent addiction treatment
• School sports
160. Results
• Prevention and awareness efforts in Oregon
have been able to avert an increase in the
prevalence while facing a dramatic increase in
the availability of gambling opportunities.
• Local efforts have provided prevention and
awareness information to an estimated 1.3
million Oregonians.
161. Key Challenges in Prevention
• Youthful subject
• Perception of
harmlessness
• Stigma/shame
• Industry
162. Class Discussions
(what we did in groups)
• Poker: Zach & his brother
• Casino night discussion
• Prevention slogan development
• Similarities & differences with problem gambling
/ other addictions
• Non-financial consequences of gambling
• Internet – implications of legalizing internet
gambling
• Treatment: Addressing risky behaviors among
potential problem gamblers
163.
164. Under $100 $1,000-$2,500
$100-$1,000 More than $2,500
166. What we discussed. Anything
lingering?
• Gambling trends
• Addictions connections
• The brain
• Treatment
• Family/multicultural issues
• Prevention
• The future…
167. Thank you & best wishes in
all you do! For more Info…
Julie Hynes, MA, CPS
Course questions:
hynes@uoregon.edu
Contact info: Lane County Public Health
Prevention Program
541.682.3928 | julie.hynes@co.lane.or.us
preventionlane.org
problemgamblingprevention.org
Editor's Notes
Dice have symbols and not numbers because the practice is so old it precedes writing!Gambling Fruit machines originally didn’t output money. They output prizes because gambling was illegal.
Oregon Lottery 2009: $1.24 billion (Oregon Lottery, 2009)Oregonians spent $1.6 billion on all forms of gambling in 2007 (EcoNW, 2007)Lane County citizens spent an average of $330 per capita on lottery games in 2009 (Oregon Health Authority, 2010)About $7 out of every $10 was spent on video lottery games (video poker & slots)
Oregon Lottery 2009: $1.24 billion (Oregon Lottery, 2009)Oregonians spent $1.6 billion on all forms of gambling in 2007 (EcoNW, 2007)Lane County citizens spent an average of $330 per capita on lottery games in 2009 (Oregon Health Authority, 2010)About $7 out of every $10 was spent on video lottery games (video poker & slots)
Harvard researcher Christine Reilly on online gambling: "The Internet is quick and easy and offers instant gratification. It leaves you very little time to think. You just act without noting the drawbacks."
Superstition, rabbits feet, the number 13, black catsMost forms of luck, gambling, playing the lottery, slot machine feverThe evil eye, hexes, most black magic
Superstition, rabbits feet, the number 13, black catsMost forms of luck, gambling, playing the lottery, slot machine feverThe evil eye, hexes, most black magic
Superstition, rabbits feet, the number 13, black catsMost forms of luck, gambling, playing the lottery, slot machine feverThe evil eye, hexes, most black magic
Paid through Lottery fundsGambling Evaluation and Reduction Program (GEAR)Corrections Program27 outpatient treatment centers (Emergence Program in Lane County)3 crisis-respite programs1 residential treatment program
Of those enrolling, 87% report machine gambling as their primary choice and 74% report gambling at an Oregon retailer.Based on projections made by R. Volberg where approximately 3% of those with gambling problems should be expected to access treatment.
Successful completers = $3,224 per casehttp://www.problemgamblingprevention.org/docs/2011-Oregon-Problem-Gambling-Data-Book-Data-Brief.pdfUnless otherwise noted this data comes from the 2011 Gambling Programs Evaluation Update (T. Moore)
These are data from the 2010 Lane County Student Wellness Survey, and asks students in the 6th, 8th, and 11th grades about how much they’ve done certain behaviors in the last 30 days.Gambling is the most common problem among 8th graders and alcohol use as the most prevalent problem among 11th graders. (Gambling involves betting anything of value, e.g. money, watch, etc. Types include: lottery, dice, betting on games, bingo)Alcohol is the substance most used among all ages (8%, 22%, 41%); aside from alcohol use, 8th grade substance use runs around 10% and 11th grade substance use generally in 20-30%. *Depression= ‘Did you ever feel so sad or hopeless almost every day for 2 weeks or more in a row that you stopped doing some usual activities?’
This is the first in a series of slides which graphically illustrates why youth gambling needs to be given more attention, and why it should be included in prevention efforts aimed at other risk behaviors. Youth who gamble have much higher rates of alcohol use than those who do not gamble. These correlations have held consistent over the past several years of data collection, regardless of the particular survey used, and are also consistent with data on the national level.
Again, youth who gamble had much higher rates of binge drinking in the past 30 days than youth who did not gamble. We know there is not a direct cause-and-effect relationship here (ie gambling does not cause binge drinking, nor vice versa), but there is a very strong correlation. So if we want to address binge drinking and we ignore gambling, we are missing the boat on really helping kids.
Here we see the same pattern with youth gambling and smoking…..
And a similar pattern with youth gambling and marijuana use….
And a similar pattern with youth gambling and skipping school…
Youth who reported gambling more than they wanted to (a possible sign of a gambling problem) also reported higher rates of having attempted suicide in the past year than students who did not bet more than they wanted to.
Many of the risk behaviors of concern are decreasing over time, while youth gambling is significantly increasing. More attention needs to be paid to this important and emerging risk behavior, particularly when you view it in terms of the correlation between youth gambling and these other, more well known, behaviors—the next series of slides will shed some light on this.
Clearly, then, youth gambling must be addressed in the context of how it exists in the lives of youth—one of several possible risky behaviors they may try, which can lead to serious problems. The difference is that, in real life, youth gambling is the one that is routinely left off of this diagram. We need to change that for the sake of our kids, who are the first generation to grow up with gambling being the norm, being easily accessible and available, being shown as glamorous and not being discussed enough by parents and other authority figures.
We need to share our data and show parents that they need to talk about this issue with their kids. We have many resources available to help them with that, as well as resources to help someone who has a gambling problem: calling 1-877-mylimit or going to 1877mylimit.org is the first step
“Every 15 minutes” / Grim Reaper“Scared Straight”“Just say no”All may have a temporary influence, and are quite powerful…. But are not shown to change behavior over time.
http://preventionlane.org/best-practices.htm
All kids should know about the risks of gambling and some need even more focus—this slide lists the kids who we know, from the latest research, are at the greatest risk of developing gambling problems.