2. Capital Letters
The start of a sentence
e.g. My father works very hard.
The names of weekdays, months
and festivals
e.g. We celebrated Christmas Day
on a Monday last December.
3. The names of people, titles of
people and the titles of books,
plays, films etc. e.g.
Sarah Brown shook hands with
President Obama.
Steven Spielberg directed ‘Jurassic
Park’.
He met his Aunt Mary in town.
4. ‘I’ when used on its own.
e.g. I do not know why I failed the
exam.
To begin direct speech.
e.g. Paul said, ‘Meet me at the shops at
seven’.
To begin the names of places and words
made from the names of places.
e.g. The Spaniard visited Paris, the
5. Quotation Marks
Quotation marks (“.....”) are used
when writing the actual words
spoken.
E.g “She is a great footballer,” said
Mary.
“When is the next bus due?” asked
Tom .
6. The first word inside Quotation
marks have a capital letter.
E.g. The man shouted, “Close the
door after you”.
The names of plays, books,
films, poems, ships etc are in
quotation marks E.g. Did you
recite the poem “The Snare”.
7. Antonyms
Antonyms are words with
opposite meanings.
Wide is an antonym for narrow
Guilty/innocent
Hero/villain
Minimum/maximum
9. Verbs
Verbs are action or doing words.
A verb can be one word, two words or
even three words.
E.G. The cat chased the mouse.
The boy was trying his best.
The girl should have worn a helmet.
10. The man works every day
The man is working
The woman will come
Dublin is the capital of Ireland
The house has been sold
The lady should have smiled
The dog chased the rabbit
11. Adverbs
Adverbs are mainly used to tell
us more about verbs
e.g. Alex watched intently.
The soldiers marched
slowly.
The girls sang happily.
12. Most adverbs are formed from
adjectives, by adding –ly,
or -ily if the adjective already
ends in –y.
e.g. Silently, carelessly,
happy - happily.
13. NOUNS
A noun is a naming word.
It names some person, place, animal,
state or thing!
E.G. A pack of dogs frightened the
sheep in the field.
Tom ate pancakes with his friend
The colour of the ink is black
14. Types of nouns
Proper nouns – the names of particular persons, places
or things. They always begin with capital letters, e.g.
California, February, Christmas Day, Mary Smith.
Common nouns – the names of things in general, e.g.
Girl, ball, mountain.
Collective nouns – the names of groups of people or
things, e.g. herd, crowd, pack.
Abstract nouns – the names of qualities, feelings or
ideas. It relates to things which cannot be seen,
touched, felt or tasted, e.g. bravery, health, height, love
15. Adjectives
An adjective is a word which
adds to the meaning of a noun
or pronoun. It may go before or
after the word it qualifies.
e.g. The fierce dog
Or The dog is fierce
16. In order to write exciting and
imaginative stories, you must
avoid repetition of the same
adjectives.
Giant python – monstrous
serpent/slimy
snake/loathsome reptile.
17. The snow lay everywhere. It
crowned the leafless trees
with magnificent white
plumes and wrapped the
rooftops of the sleeping
village in a silken blanket.
