Informal Essay

According to the article "Office Bullying and Cultural Differences", there are two formal
organizational communications and one informal organizational communication.
Firstly, according to article "formal communication methods", SkillMaker (2014) showed that formal
communication utilizes the formal network to transfer information and follow the position, role and
rules which include sending an email to superior or holding a formal meeting to discuss business.
In the case study, Margaret face office bullying due to cultural differences. The difference is
Margaret learn how to respect a person from her father but Dana hasn't. From perspective of
organizational communications, Margaret try to talk to her boss Mr. Tannen and write an email to
the director of her department Mr. Gallow to complain about the rude behaviors of Dana.
Moreover, according to article "Informal communication methods", SkillMaker (2014) revealed that
informal communication utilizes the informal network to share information to close relationships
people such as friend, family and co–worker without email. The article revealed that Margaret ask
her colleagues Trevor for some advices informally. Margaret and Trevor has a fellow relations and
friendship and they had lunch together. Also,...show more content...
Mr. Tannen scold Margaret is troublemaker and Dana uses many bad behaviors to assault Margaret
which will be classified as unethical communication. Dana didn't respect her when she began
working in the Bureau. According to the Wood (2011), roles, rules, policies and cultures are the
keys of organizational communication but Dana ignore those keys and believed that she is the
supervisor of Margaret since she has more job experience. Therefore, Dana bullies her continuously.
Eventually, Margaret accumulates many passive feelings which makes her a pessimistic
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Formal And Informal Communication
Communication plays a key role in any organization, and the importance of both channels i.e. formal
and informal communication cannot be undermined. As an organisation grows in terms of size and
function, an immediate increase is experienced in the chain of command prevalent in the
organisation. In most cases, the chain of command flows from the upper level to the lower level,
creating a high power distance. When an information is dispatched within an organization from top
to bottom it may lead to a loss or dilution of information in the process of transmission, this loss of
information leads to the development of vulnerability and ambiguity within the organization which
in turn leads to the development of an informal communication network called as 'Grapevine'.
Grapevine or informal communication network is present in all organizations as it is a natural
consequence of people interacting. Grapevine gives the people a platform to socialize and
communicate their thoughts and ideas in an informal fashion. Informal communication tends to
spread in all the directions, it may travel upwards, downwards and diagonally, spreading throughout
the organizational across all levels inconsistently sometimes more rapidly than formal
communication channels. The grapevine is an outcome of social contacts and is therefore
unpredictable, dynamic, and varied as the people. It is not necessary that all the information passed
through grapevine may be correct, many rumours or gossips also travel

The Challenges Of The Informal Sector
This pattern is common in developing countries, where "despite its growing importance, the
informal sector tends to lack legal status and work takes place under the usual precarious conditions
that have traditionally been associated with this sector" (Beneria, 2001, p. 35). They worked to
empower the workers even through protection from police brutality and extortion. As Gandhi had
that the struggle for a life of integrity required that oppressed peoples assert a new self–definition
and press for its general acceptance Sewa is works in tandem with this ideal itself. This can be
witnessed through the proposition that it rejected the more conventional terms "informal" and
"unorganized" labour; its members called themselves "self–employed." The acronym "SEWA" itself
meaning "service" it began with a survey of its members ' situation: 97% lived in slums, 93%
were illiterate, and, on average, each had four living children. About one third were the principal
wage earners in their families. They received very low wages and paid very high interest to
moneylenders. The very ideals of Sewa can be said to be in accordance with those of Gandhi.
They had to face a lot of resistance also from the government initially to work in this field.
However, they worked together to create a better way of life for the people. It is also vital to
understand the composition of the organization to fathom their achievement and also their
constraints. SEWA members operate on a needs–based model, which

Communication acts to control member behavior in several ways. Communication process types are
formal channels and informal channels. Formal channels are established by an organization to
transmit messages related to the professional activities of members. Informal channels are
spontaneous and emerge as a response to individual choices. (Robbins,2013)
Direction of communications are downward, upward, and lateral communication. Downward
communication is communication that flows from one level of a group or organization to a lower
level is downward communication. Group leaders and managers use it to assign goals, provide job
instructions, explain policies and procedures, point out problems that need attention, and offer
feedback. Upward communication flows to a higher level in the group or organization. It's used to
provide feedback to higher–ups, inform them of progress toward goals, and relay current problems.
Upward communication keeps managers aware of how employees feel about their jobs, co–workers,
and the organization in general. Managers also rely on upward communication for ideas on how
conditions can be improved. Lateral communication occurs among members of the same work group
/ level.
Modes of communications are oral, written, and nonverbal communication. A primary means of
conveying messages is oral communication. Speeches, formal one–on–one and group discussions,
and the informal rumor mill or grapevine are popular forms of oral communication. The advantages
of

My Favorite Time of Year Essay
MY FAVORITE TIME OF YEAR
My favorite time of the year is naturally the time when I have the most fun. To me, that time of the
year falls during the December holidays, or rather, it starts during the last term of school.
It may sound strange of me to include the period of examinations. But I like the way teachers
leave us, students, by ourselves to do our own revision. There is hardly any homework to be done
but there is a lot of studying to take up our time. Finally, when the examinations are over, we can
all heave a joyful sigh of relief and look forward to the seemingly eternal holidays stretching out
before us. Just before school breaks up for the holidays, there are a host of post–examination
activities, among which is mass dancing...show more content...
Orchard Road is illuminated with colorful lights for Christmas. I usually view these lights twice;
once before Christmas and once after, sometimes cruising along Orchard Road with my neighbor's
family in a rented van, alongside an ordered mass of other slow–moving vehicles. We usually have a
good time on these trips, joking and laughing.
Programs based on Christmas are also shown on television to add more joy to the season. I never
tire of watching the animated cartoons or motion pictures of classics like "A Christmas Carol" by
Charles Dickens.
Finally, after Christmas, I have to start buying my school–books for the new academic year. These
books have "off the press" smell which makes me feel that I have to work hard the following year
and make good use of these brand new and precious books which no one has ever used before.
The last day of the holidays is the end of my favorite time of the year and school starts the following
day. I fell excited, but I also know that once school starts I would be caught up with work. However,
I do know that the days will fly by so fast that I shall experience my favorite time of the year all over

Informal Employment And The Global Economy
Since the 1970s, in both the developed and developing worlds, the global economy has experienced a
slowing down in the growth of modern of formal sector employment. Particularly in Latin America
and Africa, most countries have been in the growth of informalisation and flexibilisation; although
some countries in Asia have gone through moderate growth of modern economy (ILO, 1995). In
1995, World Bank estimates that beyond direct government control and the reach of trade unions,
the share of the work force in informal sector form low–income countries is more than 80%. As the
case stands, unofficial surveys with broader measures of employment propose that the scale of the
personnel in informal employment is even higher.
Meanwhile, as a number of studies have confirmed, women workers predominate in informal
employment (Standing, 1989). To guarantee the survival of themselves and their families, women
use a wide range of informal employment. Informal employment has not only become a crucial
method of female employment in developed countries, but also become a major means of female
employment in developing countries, especially of immigrant women.
Recent years, the central questions have become an analysis of women's over–presence in informal
sector after noting the increasing number of women's participation in informal economic and
political activities. In 1973, at the International Population Conference, Ester Boserup presented that
whether the feminisation of the informal

The Importance Of Informal Communication
Formal communication would need to be disseminated to the staff in order to prepare them for the
transition to bedside reporting. One of the most effective ways of communicating formally is
through emails that can explain that the process that will be changing and giving a date for which
the reporting process to change. Then, educators and nurse leaders can have articles placed at the
nurse's station that details why the change is going to occur and some of the pros and cons of the
upcoming shift report change. Another way that the research can be presented is through
PowerPoint presentations. The forms that will be used should be handed out to the staff to allow
them to add things to the report sheet that they feel is important. Lastly, when the change is to be
implemented there can be a small meeting at the nurse's station at shift change with the incoming
and off going shifts to again reiterate the importance of why bedside reporting is critical and stress
the benefits of it. Informal communication will occur between nurses throughout the process.
Significant formal leaders in the process change will include managers, clinical educators, and
charge nurses. Informal leaders to the process change include senior nurses as they will have a
significant influence on the inexperienced nurses and their opinion of the change. The leadership
being able to show that the change will result in significantly lower errors and higher patient
satisfaction will make the change

My Definition of Success Essay example
"Try not to become a man of success, but rather try to become a man of value."
– Albert Einstein ––
My personal definition would not include "stuff" at all. No one will care (and neither will you)
what kind of car your drove or how big your house was when you're on your deathbed. Your
thoughts will not be about your job, the office or how much money you made.
Personal success is defined by how content and enjoyable your life is. That is not to say that
challenges and disappointments aren't included in this. A rich, eventful and challenging life doing
what you enjoy and positively affecting others seems to me to be just about right. Find a job you
love and you'll never work another day in your life. I know I won't. In my...show more content...
Past, present and future are all important to keep in perspective. Looking back and not having regrets
is extremely satisfying. Your current situation and your contentment with it are also very important,
and having goals and milestones to work toward in the future keeps you motivated and keeps life
interesting and challenging.
In this age in which we live, success is generally measured by the amount of money you earn, or
the amount of wealth or power or number of promotions you've accumulated. I find that the older I
grow, the more I view the people who are most happy and content with their lives as the most
successful. Rich, poor or in between, they've tended to treat life as a journey, not a final destination.
They took that trip when they were 25 even though they really couldn't afford it, they ordered the
$55 bottle of wine with their filet because they knew that even though it was expensive it would
enhance the meal so much more than water would. They took a chance on a start–up company,
moved to Europe or Asia and experienced things that most people only dream about. If they managed
to grow wealthy from the experience, so much the better. As long as moderation with most things is
practiced, things won't spin out of control.
Bottom line rules for a successful life:
Always try new things.
Listen twice as much as you talk.
Travel as much as you can comfortably afford.
Faith and family always come first –

Formal And Informal Educational Experiences
Learning Autobiography (LAB # 1):
Formal and Informal Educational Experiences
Michael E Emmering
March 16, 2016
LAS 20010 College Seminar I: Exploring
Ottawa University Learning Autobiography (LAB # 1) In this paper you will learn my insights into
my life. I will touch on my formal and informal education. I will reflect on the four Breadth areas of
Ottawa University's program of liberal arts studies. Future goals, philosophy, values, and obstacles
will be discussed. This will include significant people and events that have happened in my life.
Formal Educational Experiences My formal educational experiences start's with Field School, Field
School is elementary school in Elmhurst Illinois. I went there from first grade to fifth grade.
Elementary school is where I began my early years of education. Began interest's in reading and
whiting. First learned the nature of my learning disabilities. I was diagnosed with dyslexia, and
speech impediment. Which made learning hard from the start. Sandburg Jr.High School is where I
went for my sixth grade education. I was only at Sandburg for one year, for the year that I was
there I started going down the wrong path, started getting into trouble and hanging out with the
wrong crowd. Midway into my sixth grade year I moved to the other side of Elmhurst. So for
seventh grade I went to Churchville Jr. High School. During my time there I continued to have a
hard time with my studies. I also almost got expelled

The informal economy
As Robert Neuwirth, who is a former business reporter, defines the informal sector or informal
economy is that part of an economy that is not taxed, monitored by any form of government, or
included in any gross national product (GNP), unlike the formal economy. Other terms used to refer
to the informal sector can include the black market, the shadow economy, and the underground
economy and how he refers it mostly is System D. The original use of the term 'informal sector' is
attributed to the economic development model put forward by W. Arthur Lewis, used to describe
employment or livelihood generation primarily within the developing world. It was used to describe
a type of employment that was viewed as...show more content...
In Makoko, Lagos within the same community, there is business synergy. There is a real street
sign in Lagos, Nigeria that Neuwirth mentions all of System D really doesn 't pay taxes and when
he thinks about how the government is a social contract between the people and the government,
and if the government isn 't transparent, then the people aren 't going to be transparent either, but
also that they are blaming the little guy who doesn 't pay his taxes. There was one company that
paid 4,000 bribes in the first decade of this millennium, and a million dollars in bribes every
business day which occurs all over the world. This company was the big German electronics giant
Siemens as a result this goes on in the formal economy as well as the informal economy. Statistics on
the informal economy are unreliable by virtue of the subject, yet they can provide a tentative picture
of its relevance: For example, informal employment makes up 48% of non–agricultural employment
in North Africa, 51% in Latin America, 65% in Asia, and 72% in sub–Saharan Africa. If agricultural
employment is included, the percentages rise in some countries like India and many sub–Saharan
African countries beyond 90%. Estimates for developed countries are around 15%. In developing
countries, the largest part of informal

An important tool that assists teachers in gaining a better insight into what their students
developments are called assessments. It is the best way for teachers to see whether the student is
grasping the content or to see if the content needs to be retaught. There are two different types of
assessments they are called formal and informal assessments. Although both of these assessments are
different, they are equally important to teachers and educators. Formal assessments are a formal way
to see what a student has learned or has improved on during an instructional period. These formal
assessments include; exams, diagnostic tests, achievements, screening, and intelligence tests.
Informal assessments are tools that judge and evaluate students' performance and skill levels
without making them take the tests the standardized way. There are no standardized tools to
measure this type of assessment. Examples of informal assessments are; projects, experiments, and
presentations given by the students in the classroom and other platforms, peer teaching, have the
student retell a lesson or story back to the class or teacher, observations, checklists, and portfolios.
Some students become nervous or have test anxiety when having to take any type of test, so it
would be a good idea for all teachers to add both formal and informal assessments into their
curriculum. One of the pillars of the act of reading is called Reading Comprehension. Reading
comprehension is the ability

Difference Between Casual And Informal Language
Compare/Contrast Essay
With social media being one of the society's primary ways of communicating, individuals tend to
forget just how to communicate grammatically when necessary. This can lead to a drastic change in
our language. Young adults live their lives on social media, where they interact with one another and
don't worry about how others see their grammar and punctuation. It is becoming so normal in
society that when they enter a class, their writing is not properly written and many students now
don't realize or notice the difference from proper and improper language. Students who don't spell
correctly, who don't use the right punctuation, and who use slang, these individuals forget the way of
writing properly and speaking the way it's suppose to be. Casual and formal language will be
explained and how they vary in differences as well as similarities.
Causal language is also called slang, colloquial language, or informal language. These are the
different ways to describe this type of language and many people including young adults are
becoming used to writing and speaking in "slang" that they don't even realize. Many people use
different forms to shorten sentences or phrases. For example, "Cyber slang is a term used to describe
shortcuts, alternative words, or even symbols used to convey thoughts in an electronic document"...
"Common cyber–slang terms that have made their way into popular speech include BFF (best
friends forever), LOL (laugh out loud) and WTF

Compare And Contrast Yoga And Meditation
Nowadays life of people has become quite stressful. To reduce stress people are getting addicted to
things like alcohol, tobacco and drugs. People are searching numerous ways to reduce stress. The
best way to reduce stress is through meditation and yoga. Meditation and yoga is the complete
package through which you can make your life fit, healthy and stress–free. Yogaand meditation
when practiced together strengthen the body and mind connection, improving overall fitness and
well–being. Both yoga and meditation, when done regularly, has proven to be highly beneficial.
Though the practices of yoga and meditation have their roots in ancient cultures, both have become
modern day movements.
What Is Meditation?
Meditation is an ancient process through which a person can get a state of mental silence. Meditation
...show more content...
Vinyasa Yoga– Vinyasa yoga sometimes often called as power yoga is a well known sequence like
the sun salutation, a flowing series of bending, and stretching Asanas. Expect to do standing and
seated poses which develops strength, flexibility, and balance.
Iyengar Yoga– This method emphasizes proper alignment to toughen the muscles and support the
joints.
Bikram Yoga– Founder Bikram Choudhury created this style of hot yoga in the 1970s. To create the
climate as same as above, studios are heated to a sauna to 105 degrees Fahrenheit, with a 40 percent
humidity level. Heat loosens your muscles, increasing your ability to stretch.
Kundalini Yoga– This form of yoga was created to energize the body and calm the mind through
movement. The chanting of various mantras, and breathing. The goal is to release the energy that
kundalini which is stored at the base of the spine.
Ashtanga Yoga– This type of yoga consists of a unvarying sequence of poses. Ashtanga yoga
requires strength and perseverance.

Informal Communication Essay
The use of informal language has become a widespread problem today due to the use of text
messaging among one another. Many people engage in conversations and do not even realize that
they are using improper grammar majority of the time, along with informal speaking. This also
has become very popular in society because of the improper language being used, also known as
"slang." Having a conversation with a professor, nurse, or a judge would not be the same as having
a conversation with your best friend, cousin, or maybe a classmate. Along with even a less personal
conversation, such as text messaging, can take place in using informal language, the main
communication problem that may be influencing the way we conversate. The idea of text
message is to have a quick conversation with someone, possibly at a time when the recipient
cannot talk on the phone or face to face. People tend to use the most improper grammar when
communicating through text messaging because you use more and more acronyms instead of
tying the whole word or phrase out. Basically, people are trying to find the effortless way to
explain their self, which in some cases is not a clever idea. However, some acronyms are made up
by different people, which leads to having more improper grammar that then forms into informal
language. For example, a common acronym while texting would be "Lol" which is known to be
"laugh out loud." (Craig, 2003, 120–121) Another example is, if someone wanted to say, "I'm

Personal Narrative: My Special Object
My Special Object Omg what if you could talk to everyone with just one object. That would be
heaven wouldn't it well guess what. You can isn't that awesome and all you gotta do is one thing
or a couple. So if you would like to talk to everyone with just one thing do what i say. Well first ask
your parents or if you're an adult take your car and go to the store and go ask where are your wifi
boxes and of course do not go to a grocery store go to a store like walmart or something like that
and ask them where their wifi boxes are and they will tell you it really doesn't matter what one you
get then you check out buy it and then go home and find a spot where you wanna put it and then put
it there and then put it there and if you can't figure out

What Are The Reasons For Informalisation
Reasons for Formation of Informal Sector
1.)Informalisation is correlated to income and development i.e. Impacts of globalisation on trade
openings and employment generation.
From the advent of neo liberalization, trade opening became a common phenomenon across
countries. This meant that the goods produced in the country could be exported and the producers
could earn greater profits. However, at the same time there is a large influx of goods from other
countries. In order to keep pace with the growing competition, more goods had to be exported rather
than imported. Cheap labour and technology hence became the most sought after solution for
producing large amount of goods at a cheaper and faster pace. Large firms, in order to maximize
their profits, started hiring labourers on contractual basis. This had two impacts:
Firstly, a large...show more content...
Though people are now being employed, it doesn't contribute to the GDP since this sector is a grey
/shadow sector.
Apart from this, there are several other reasons for informalisation such as:
2.)Governance and regulatory burdens
Another major reason for informality is the governance and the regulatory structure. According to De
Soto, burdensome regulations thwart the efforts of small entrepreneurs and thus force them to stay
in shadow. Interaction of governance with regulations also leads to informality.
Regulation structure which includes high taxation, lack of pension plan, social security, MMIC
based measure coupled with other social factors like level of schooling, share of youth, share of
rural population and share of agriculture in GDP, encourages people to remain in the informal
sector. Also government indicators such as presence of corruption, weak rule of law and poor level
of democracy also cause informality.
3.)People's perception about the use of the taxes to provide

Informal Essay : Family Tradition
Kaitlin Mabray
Informal Essay
I have a family tradition every year July 4th. We all know that July 4th is celebrated for
Independence day. Others celebrate this holiday differently. Me and my mother reaches out to our
close ones in the family, this is because we do not often see our family every year. So we figured
July 4th is the special day every year to bring the loved ones and family together. I see my family
quite often, our get togetherness are very entertaining. I believe family matters, the way I show
others in my life that they actually matter to me is a big blessing. I am committed to making sure
that I prepare the time being of this special day. My family get together is taken place in Carrolton
Georgia, Carrolton Beach. Me and my mother usually sends letters in the mail or make a phone
call a week before our event. My family responds and then we write a list of names of all the
family members that can attend. When the actual day comes, I would find a spot in the shade
where there are tables because usually it 's really hot out around this time. It 's summer. After
finding the spot, me and my mom sets up a grill to grill meats such as hotdogs, hamburgers,
chicken, ribs, and more. We also bring a huge cooler of drinks to keep us hydrated. Once the
family have arrived we all sit down and talk, share memories, and bless the food and all eat
together. When coming out to the beach, me and my cousins would go down and play on the water.
My mom, mainly the older

Essay on The Importance of Informal Education
The Importance of Informal Education
Informal education has for a long time been considered very controversial in the education world and
looked upon as just for entertainment. Informal education is commonly defined as learning that
takes outside of formal school settings. Informal education can be things such as field trips to science
centers, aquariums, museums, zoos, or planetariums. All of the following places are considered to be
"informal settings" because they are all outside the classroom area. An educational curator at a small
museum in Jackson Hole, Wyoming is as much an informal educator as a director of educational
programs for the Smithsonian Institution. Often informal educators are retired K–12 teachers that
have...show more content...
Another reason understanding of science is so important is because the public believes that there is
a large gap between itself and the understanding of learning science. It is vital that science be taught
in schools so students can understand the world around them. This is a very difficult task for even
the most experienced teachers alone, which is a reason informal education is needed.
Teachers can teach from a book, give paper handouts, and show videos of experiments happening,
but for students to be able to see scientific processes happening before their eyes lets them recall
what they learned in class and can implement it into their everyday lives. For educational programs
in classrooms or parks alike the challenge "is to make science information relevant to the lives of the
public and explain scientific findings in ways that the public can use.
There are three major themes regarding informal education. The first is curiosity or intrinsically
motivated learning. Intrinsically motivated learning is the wanting to learn that comes from within a
student, not from an outside source like a teacher.
Second is that it offers multiple modes of learning, and last is exploration during the learning
process and existence of self–developed world views. There are also two components to how people
learn in informal settings. The first is the previously described prior knowledge. Having knowledge
of a subject before going

DIFFERENCE BETWEEN FORMAL AND INFORMAL IMPERIALISM
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Difference between formal and informal imperialism
Throughout the history of the world, different kingdoms have been competing to expand their
territories. In most cases, the expansion of theses territories has been at the expense of weaker
territories that are incapable of fighting back effectively owing to different barriers . For example,
the Mongols expanded their territory in less than a hundred years to over 6,000 miles using
lightning–fast archers who rode on horsebacks . An irrefutable fact about empires is the fact that
they never hold together for long as they fall apart. However, as time has been passing, changes
have been exhibited in the empires that are being formed. As such, historians normally divide
imperialism into two types , formal, as well as informal imperialism. Consequently, this article
explains the differences that exist between formal imperialism and informal imperialism by use of
examples.
To begin with, the literal meanings of the two types of imperialism act as a difference between them.
For instance, informal imperialism may be taken to signify an authority without any trace of
formality, also without any fixed rules set to control. As a matter of fact, it may be defined to be an
authority without the usual forms that symbolize authority . Clearly, this is the opposite of all the
values that formal imperialism encompasses. Formal imperialism creates a

Example Of A Informal Interview
Informal Interview Essay
The interview I had was with a professional who graduated from the University of Texas at Dallas
with a degree in Supply Chain Management. The individual I interviewed was Sanel Thomas,
alumni of Alpha Kappa Psi, in which, I am currently in the pledging process of. This interview I
had with Sanel was straightforward, we met on campus, just because his daily field op varies from
time to time. Sanel is currently the Senior Director of Chick–fil–A, in which he works with the fifth
largest grossing CFA in the nation. Although what Sanel currently does has nothing to do with his
degree in Supply Chain, Sanel is a business professional who learns new things on the job and
develops skills on his journey. After conducting this interview, I have learned quite a bit about
living the cooperate life, and just the skills needed to be successful in the business field, or any field
in general.
The first thing I learned from Sanel was that he was very open–minded...show more content...
Sanel has been with CFA with quite sometime and he loved what he did during college, and so
worked his way up from being a normal employer to a senior director. That to me showed, that you
need to be dedicated in the employer you want to work with it, but also passionate for what you
want to do in life. Along with being dedicated to the employer and job, it is almost equally
important to know what you are getting your self into. From Sanel's experience it seems like
Chick–Fil–A is not an easy job, but it can be rewarding. Sanel is currently taking a on a leadership
program from Chick–Fil–A where he will be going across the United States to several restaurant
locations for five to six weeks at a time where he will be making changes on how restaurants do
daily operations to increase efficiency and

Informal Essay

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Informal Essay