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Control Statement in C

 www.eshikshak.co.in
TYPES OF PROGRAMMING
STRUCTURE
•All modern programming languages include
support for three basic families of programming
structures:
•Sequential structures
•Decision structures
•Looping structures
WHAT IS A DECISION STRUCTURE?

 •Decision structures consist of:
 •Some type of T/F test
 •One or more executable blocks of code
 •Which block of code executes depends on the
 result of the T/F test (“the condition”).
CONTROL STATEMENT

•All the statements written in ‘C’ program executes
from top to bottom one by one
•Control statements are used to execute or transfer
the execution control from one part of the program
to another part based on a conditions, Such
statements are known as Conditional Statements
CONTROL STATEMENT

    •There are three types of control statements
used in C language
       1.if-else statement
       2.switch statement
       3.goto statement
IF / ELSE IF / ELSE                SELECTION
STRUCTURES
 1) A simple if structure is called a single-selection
 structure because it either selects or ignores a
 single action.

 2) The if / else structure is called a double-selection
 structure because it selects between two different
 actions.

 3) Nested if / else structures test for multiple cases
 by placing if / else structures inside other if / else
 structures.
RELATIONAL OPERATORS

To develop valid conditions, we need to use
relational operators.
 Operator      Meaning        Operator         Meaning


    >        Greater Than        <=      Less Than or Equal to

            Greater Than or
    >=                           ==            Equality
               Equal to

    <         Less Than          !=           Inequality
IF-ELSE STATEMENT

 •It is used to execute a set of statements or single
 statement based on the evaluation of given
 condition
 •It is basically a two way decision statement and is
 used in conjunction with an expression
TWO WAY BRANCHING
SIMPLE IF STATEMENT

        syntax :if(expression)
        {
                        statement 1;
                               statement 2;
                  .
True
                               statement N;
                                                                      }
         statement-x;
        Note : If expression is true than the set of statements will be
        executed after that statement-x will also be executed.
        Otherwise, the set of statements will be skipped and
        statements-x will be executed.
Result of expression

•Based on the             True   Non-Zero
evaluation of the
conditional expression
the result will be as
follow
                         False     Zero
EXAMPLE
void main()
{
                   int i=5;
        if(i==5)
                   {
                   printf(“You are inside the if true block”);
                             printf(“nvalue of i is equal to 5”);
                   }
                   printf(“nYou are outside the if block”);
}
output :
You are inside the if true block
value of i is equal to 5
   You are outside the if block
EXAMPLE
void main()
{
                   int i=-5;
        if(i==5)
                   {
                   printf(“You are inside the if true block”);
                             printf(“nvalue of i is equal to 5”);
                   }
                   printf(“nYou are outside the if block”);
}
output :
 You are outside the if block
IF-ELSE STATEMENT SYNTAX
       if (expression)
{
                 statement 1;
True                    statement 2;
                        .
                        .
                        statement N;
}
else
{
                 statement 1;
                        statement 2;
                        .     False
                        .
                        statement N;
}
IF-ELSE STATEMENT SYNTAX

The if selection structure is often written as:

        if ( this logical expression is true )    no semi-colon!
                   statement ;

And, the if / else selection structure is often written as:

        if ( this logical expression is true )
                   statement ;
        else
                    statement ;
A VERY SIMPLE PROGRAM:

           #include <stdio.h>
           int main ( )
           {
             int a = 1, b = 2, c ;

             if (a > b)
    {
        c = a;
    }
             else
         {
        c = b;
    }
}
A VERY SIMPLE PROGRAM:

           #include <stdio.h>
           int main ( )
           {
             int a = 1, b = 2, c ;

              if (a > b)
           c = a;
    else
               c = b;
}
IF…ELSE IF…ELSE STATEMENT

 •To perform multi-path decisions
 •It is collection of if statement with association of
 else statement
IF…ELSE IF…ELSE STATEMENT -
SYNTAX
 if(expression1)
 {
 statement 1;
 }
          else if(expression2)
          {
                    statement 2;
          }
                    else if(expression3)
                    {
                              statement 3;
                    }
                           else
                           {
                               statement 4; //Also known as default
 statement
                           }
IF…ELSE IF…ELSE STATEMENT

 •The structure is also known as else if ladder
 •The conditions are evaluated from top of the ladder
 to downwards
 •if the expression1 evaluates to true than all the
 statements in this block will executed
 •Execution pointer will jump to the statement
 immediately after the closing curly braces
 •If all the given conditions evaluates to false than all
 the statements in else block will be executed
 •Else block is also known as default statement
IF…ELSE IF…ELSE STATEMENT -
EXAMPLE
 void main()
 {
          int num;
          num=4;
          if(num>1)
          {
                   printf(“It is positive value”);
          }
                    else if(num<1)
                    {
                                printf(“It is negative value”);
                   }
                                else
                                 {
                                             printf(“It is zero value”):
                                 }
 getch();
 }
EXAMPLE

•WAP to accept marks for 5 subjects from the user,
calculate total and percentage and find the result as
per the following criteria
  Criteria                      Result
  Greater than or equal to 70   Distinction
  Between 60-70                 First Class
  Between 50-60                 Second Class
  Between 40-50                 Pass Class
  Less than 40                  Fail
EXAMPLE

Calculate the comission of a salesman considering
three regions X,Y and Z depending on the sales
amount as follow
 Area Code     Sales Amount   Comission
 X             <1000          10%
               <5000          12%
               >=5000         15%
 Y             <1500          10%
               <7000          12%
               >=7000         15%
 Z             <1200          10%
               <6500          12%
               >=6500         15%
EXAMPLE

•Big Bazzar gives festival discount on purchase of
their products in the following percentages
       i.If purchase amount < 1000 than 5% discount
       ii.If purchase amount >=1000 than but <3000 then
10% discount
       iii.If purchase amount >=3000 but <5000 then 12%
discount
       iv.If purchase amount > 5000 then 15% discount

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Mesics lecture 6 control statement = if -else if__else

  • 1. Control Statement in C www.eshikshak.co.in
  • 2. TYPES OF PROGRAMMING STRUCTURE •All modern programming languages include support for three basic families of programming structures: •Sequential structures •Decision structures •Looping structures
  • 3. WHAT IS A DECISION STRUCTURE? •Decision structures consist of: •Some type of T/F test •One or more executable blocks of code •Which block of code executes depends on the result of the T/F test (“the condition”).
  • 4. CONTROL STATEMENT •All the statements written in ‘C’ program executes from top to bottom one by one •Control statements are used to execute or transfer the execution control from one part of the program to another part based on a conditions, Such statements are known as Conditional Statements
  • 5. CONTROL STATEMENT •There are three types of control statements used in C language 1.if-else statement 2.switch statement 3.goto statement
  • 6. IF / ELSE IF / ELSE SELECTION STRUCTURES 1) A simple if structure is called a single-selection structure because it either selects or ignores a single action. 2) The if / else structure is called a double-selection structure because it selects between two different actions. 3) Nested if / else structures test for multiple cases by placing if / else structures inside other if / else structures.
  • 7. RELATIONAL OPERATORS To develop valid conditions, we need to use relational operators. Operator Meaning Operator Meaning > Greater Than <= Less Than or Equal to Greater Than or >= == Equality Equal to < Less Than != Inequality
  • 8. IF-ELSE STATEMENT •It is used to execute a set of statements or single statement based on the evaluation of given condition •It is basically a two way decision statement and is used in conjunction with an expression
  • 10. SIMPLE IF STATEMENT syntax :if(expression) { statement 1; statement 2; . True statement N; } statement-x; Note : If expression is true than the set of statements will be executed after that statement-x will also be executed. Otherwise, the set of statements will be skipped and statements-x will be executed.
  • 11. Result of expression •Based on the True Non-Zero evaluation of the conditional expression the result will be as follow False Zero
  • 12. EXAMPLE void main() { int i=5; if(i==5) { printf(“You are inside the if true block”); printf(“nvalue of i is equal to 5”); } printf(“nYou are outside the if block”); } output : You are inside the if true block value of i is equal to 5 You are outside the if block
  • 13. EXAMPLE void main() { int i=-5; if(i==5) { printf(“You are inside the if true block”); printf(“nvalue of i is equal to 5”); } printf(“nYou are outside the if block”); } output : You are outside the if block
  • 14. IF-ELSE STATEMENT SYNTAX if (expression) { statement 1; True statement 2; . . statement N; } else { statement 1; statement 2; . False . statement N; }
  • 15. IF-ELSE STATEMENT SYNTAX The if selection structure is often written as: if ( this logical expression is true ) no semi-colon! statement ; And, the if / else selection structure is often written as: if ( this logical expression is true ) statement ; else statement ;
  • 16. A VERY SIMPLE PROGRAM: #include <stdio.h> int main ( ) { int a = 1, b = 2, c ; if (a > b) { c = a; } else { c = b; } }
  • 17. A VERY SIMPLE PROGRAM: #include <stdio.h> int main ( ) { int a = 1, b = 2, c ; if (a > b) c = a; else c = b; }
  • 18. IF…ELSE IF…ELSE STATEMENT •To perform multi-path decisions •It is collection of if statement with association of else statement
  • 19. IF…ELSE IF…ELSE STATEMENT - SYNTAX if(expression1) { statement 1; } else if(expression2) { statement 2; } else if(expression3) { statement 3; } else { statement 4; //Also known as default statement }
  • 20. IF…ELSE IF…ELSE STATEMENT •The structure is also known as else if ladder •The conditions are evaluated from top of the ladder to downwards •if the expression1 evaluates to true than all the statements in this block will executed •Execution pointer will jump to the statement immediately after the closing curly braces •If all the given conditions evaluates to false than all the statements in else block will be executed •Else block is also known as default statement
  • 21. IF…ELSE IF…ELSE STATEMENT - EXAMPLE void main() { int num; num=4; if(num>1) { printf(“It is positive value”); } else if(num<1) { printf(“It is negative value”); } else { printf(“It is zero value”): } getch(); }
  • 22. EXAMPLE •WAP to accept marks for 5 subjects from the user, calculate total and percentage and find the result as per the following criteria Criteria Result Greater than or equal to 70 Distinction Between 60-70 First Class Between 50-60 Second Class Between 40-50 Pass Class Less than 40 Fail
  • 23. EXAMPLE Calculate the comission of a salesman considering three regions X,Y and Z depending on the sales amount as follow Area Code Sales Amount Comission X <1000 10% <5000 12% >=5000 15% Y <1500 10% <7000 12% >=7000 15% Z <1200 10% <6500 12% >=6500 15%
  • 24. EXAMPLE •Big Bazzar gives festival discount on purchase of their products in the following percentages i.If purchase amount < 1000 than 5% discount ii.If purchase amount >=1000 than but <3000 then 10% discount iii.If purchase amount >=3000 but <5000 then 12% discount iv.If purchase amount > 5000 then 15% discount

Notas do Editor

  1. Instructor: There are multiple forms the structure may take. It is important that students understand the logic they are creating both when they nest if/else structures and when using a large if/else if/else structure. Creating a flowchart prior to programming these section of code typically aids this process. Narrator: A simple if() structure, also known as a single-selection structure, either selects or ignores a single action. The if/else structure, also called a double-selection structure, allows the program to select two different actions, based on a true or false result. Nested if/else structures can test for multiple cases by placing additional if/else structures inside other if/else structures. *
  2. Instructor: These structures are valid only for processing single statements. The statement after the if() will ONLY be processed if the expression is TRUE. The statement after the else will ONLY be processed if the above if() statement evaluated to FALSE (it is skipped if the if() portion is true). If() can also be used by itself (no else is required after an if statement). Else CANNOT be used by itself. It must always be preceded by an if statement. Students may relate to the analogy of driving down the highway one direction and deciding which exit to take. You can only take one exit from the highway to get to the location you wish so the conditions (road signs) must be true for the correct exit. The location you wish to go to (the variable) will determine which exit you take. If you get to the end of the highway (none of the previous exits were the correct one) then you have to take the final exit (the else statement). Narrator: The syntax of the if/else selection structures are shown here. For the if selection structure, the single statement will be executed ONLY if the logical expression given as an argument is true. For the if/else selection structure, the single statement again after the if selection will be executed ONLY if the logical expression given as an argument is true. Otherwise in this case it will complete the statement given after the else portion of the structure. This can be likened to a fork in the road in which one path must be taken. *
  3. * Instructor: This shows a more common way of writing code so it is easier for a programmer to read later. The only difference from the last description is the statements are now on their own lines. It is very important to not insert a semicolon where shown or the program will behave unexpectedly.
  4. *