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Intro to C++ - language
- 1. C++ -‐ for Java Developers: Intro to C++ Jussi Pohjolainen Tampere University of Applied Sciences
- 2. C++ • 1998 ANSI/ISO Standard: – Core language – Standard Library • Many C++ libraries exist that are not part of the standard • New standard: ISO/IEC:2011 C++11
- 3. C++ Standard Library • Containers – array, bitset, deque, forward_list, list, … vector • General – algorithm, funcUonal, iterator, locale, memory… • Strings – string • Input and Output – ios, iostream, ostream, sstream.. • Numerics – complex,numeric, valarray • Language support – excepUon, limits, new, typeinfo
- 4. C Standard Library • Macros, typedefiniUons, funcUons for tasks like string handling, mathemaUcal computaUons, memory allocaUons.. • See: – hYp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/C_standard_library
- 8. GCC Compiler • The GNU Compiler CollecUon (GCC) is a compiler system produced by the GNU Project supporUng various programming languages. • C (gcc), C++ (g++), ObjecUve-‐C (gobjc), Fortran (gfortran), Java (gcj) • CompaUble IDEs – Dev-‐C++ (Win), NetBeans, Eclipse, QtCreator, Xcode
- 9. Installing • Ubuntu – sudo apt-‐get install g++ • Mac OS X – Install Xcode and install command line tools • Windows – For example minGW: hYp://sourceforge.net/ projects/mingw/
- 13. Compiling C++ Program • Simple – g++ mysourcecode.cpp • BeYer – g++ -ansi -pedantic -wall mysourcecode.cpp -o myapp • Running – ./myapp
- 14. Code Style • Java has “standard” for code style, C++ does not. • Use can use separate apps for “preffy” your source code • For example: ArUsUc Style – hYp://astyle.sourceforge.net/
- 16. Makefiles • All these command line arguments can be long and hard to write. • Use Make! UUlity that automaUcally builds apps. • hYp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Make_(sohware)
- 17. makefile
- 19. WHAT ABOUT QT?
- 20. Qt Hello World #include <QApplication> #include <QPushButton> int main(int argc, char *argv[]) { QApplication app(argc, argv); QPushButton hello("Hello world!"); hello.resize(100, 30); hello.show(); return app.exec(); }
- 21. SOME C++ SYNTAX
- 22. cout for output, cin for input • Output – cout << “hello!”; • Input – cin >> someVariable;
- 23. Datatypes • Fundamental types – int, short, long – float, double, long double – bool – char • Derived types – arrays, pointers, references.. • Class types – class, struct, union
- 24. const and enum // Like final in Java const int NUMBER = 100; // Using enums enum DAY { MON = 1, TUE, WED, THU, FRI, SAT, SUN }; DAY today = MON;
- 25. CondiUons in C++ int a = 0; if(a = 0) { cout << “What the..” << endl; }
- 26. Arrays const int LENGTH = 5; int numbers[LENGTH]; numbers[0] = 12; numbers[1] = 88; ..
- 27. About Strings • C++ has two kind of Strings – char arrays – string – class
- 28. C type strings • char myString[6] = “Jussi”; • // Why 6?? The array contains now Jussi0! • char myString[] = “Jussi”
- 29. cin.get // Reads maxLength number of chars // from the user cin.get(myString, maxLength); // This leaves user given enter ‘n’ to input // stream, use cin.get again to get rid of //it..