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The Milgram experiment
People obey extreme orders from authority figures
In 1961 Stanley Milgram began carrying out a series
of now notorious experiments testing the extent to
which people would obey instructions from an
authority figure if those instructions involved
harming another person
Participant Stooge Stooge
At the start of the experiment participants were
introduced to another ‘participant’ (actually a
confederate of the researcher)
The participants drew lots to determine who would be
the ‘teacher’ and who would be the ‘learner’ (although
this was fixed so that the confederate would always
become the learner)
Teacher Learner
Experimenter
The learner was taken into one room and strapped into
an electric chair
They were then given a list of word pairs to memorise
Sit here please
This looks
ominous…
The teacher was then taken into another room
containing an electric shock generator
You will use this apparatus
to teach the learner when
they make a mistake
Low voltage –
slight shock
Danger –
severe shock
The teacher tested the learner by reading out the first word in
each of the pairs and offering four options for the learner to
choose the second paired word from
When the learner responded correctly, the teacher did nothing
I’m glad he got
that right
When the learner gave a wrong answer, the teacher was
told to administer an electric shock, increasing the
voltage each time another wrong answer was given
The learner gave mostly wrong answers (on purpose)
The responses to the shocks that the teacher heard
were tape recordings
Please continue
Aargh!
Oh no!
If the teacher protested as the voltage went up, the
experimenter gave four scripted answers insisting
they continue
If the participant maintained their protest after all four
orders had been given the experiment ended
Otherwise the experiment ended after the teacher had
administered the highest shock – 450 volts
The experiment requires
you to continue
Please
don’t!
This is
horrible!
It is absolutely essential
that you continue
Please I have a
heart condition — I
can’t take this!
I can’t believe
they’re making me do
this!
You have no other choice
but to continue
…
WHY?!!!
Two thirds of participants (teachers) administered
electric shocks up to the highest level (450 volts) –
even though this would have been fatal
All participants administered shocks up to 300 volts
Conclusion
The majority of people will obey orders from authority
figures even to the extent of killing an innocent person
Reference
Behavioural Study of Obedience
The Journal of Abnormal and Social Psychology, Vol 67(4), Oct 1963, 371-378
Stanley Milgram

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The Milgram experiment

  • 1. The Milgram experiment People obey extreme orders from authority figures
  • 2. In 1961 Stanley Milgram began carrying out a series of now notorious experiments testing the extent to which people would obey instructions from an authority figure if those instructions involved harming another person
  • 4. At the start of the experiment participants were introduced to another ‘participant’ (actually a confederate of the researcher) The participants drew lots to determine who would be the ‘teacher’ and who would be the ‘learner’ (although this was fixed so that the confederate would always become the learner)
  • 6. The learner was taken into one room and strapped into an electric chair They were then given a list of word pairs to memorise
  • 9. The teacher was then taken into another room containing an electric shock generator
  • 10. You will use this apparatus to teach the learner when they make a mistake Low voltage – slight shock Danger – severe shock
  • 11. The teacher tested the learner by reading out the first word in each of the pairs and offering four options for the learner to choose the second paired word from When the learner responded correctly, the teacher did nothing
  • 12. I’m glad he got that right
  • 13. When the learner gave a wrong answer, the teacher was told to administer an electric shock, increasing the voltage each time another wrong answer was given The learner gave mostly wrong answers (on purpose) The responses to the shocks that the teacher heard were tape recordings
  • 15. If the teacher protested as the voltage went up, the experimenter gave four scripted answers insisting they continue If the participant maintained their protest after all four orders had been given the experiment ended Otherwise the experiment ended after the teacher had administered the highest shock – 450 volts
  • 16. The experiment requires you to continue Please don’t! This is horrible!
  • 17. It is absolutely essential that you continue Please I have a heart condition — I can’t take this! I can’t believe they’re making me do this!
  • 18. You have no other choice but to continue … WHY?!!!
  • 19. Two thirds of participants (teachers) administered electric shocks up to the highest level (450 volts) – even though this would have been fatal All participants administered shocks up to 300 volts
  • 20. Conclusion The majority of people will obey orders from authority figures even to the extent of killing an innocent person
  • 21. Reference Behavioural Study of Obedience The Journal of Abnormal and Social Psychology, Vol 67(4), Oct 1963, 371-378 Stanley Milgram