The lithosphere

P
 
 
 
Why do the plates move?
Why do the plates move?
Plate names African  Indo-Australian Plate North American South American Eurasian Pacific Nazca Antarctic Pacific
Plate names
Continental drift
 
Divergent (extensional) plate boundary   (you might know it as a constructive boundary – don’t use this term)
 
 
How do we know the sea floor is spreading?
Spreading on land - Rift valleys ,[object Object],[object Object]
 
East Africa: The Great Rift Valley
East Africa: The Great Rift Valley
 
 
Convergent (destructive) boundaries ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Convergent (destructive) plate boundary (1) Subduction zone
Convergent (destructive) plate boundary (2)
Convergent (destructive) plate boundary (3)
 
So, how come we have volcanoes away from plate boundaries? ,[object Object],[object Object]
 
 
This measures how much damage is caused by the earthquake based on observations. It is measured on a scale between I and XII. Mercalli Scale Mercalli Scale
 
 
[object Object],[object Object]
 
 
Weathering What is the difference between weathering & erosion? Weathering   is the breakdown of material caused by climactic conditions and weather action upon the rock. Erosion   is the wearing away by constant forces related to, but not directly caused by temperature change or climactic conditions. Weathering creates the process we know of as  Denudation.
There are 3 types of weathering ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Mechanical weathering ,[object Object],[object Object]
Mechanical weathering
 
Factors that influence rates of weathering ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
[object Object]
 
Pothole Grike Clint Sinkhole Limestone pavement
 
 
 
 
Chalk scenery ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
 
Granite scenery ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
 
Granite intrusion
 
 
 
 
 
Types of mass movement ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
 
Heaves ,[object Object]
Flows ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
 
Soil creep ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
 
Examples of soil creep
Solifluction ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Solifluction lobes
 
Earthflow (debris flow) ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
 
Aberfan  ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Mudflow (mudslide) ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
 
 
Slides/Falls ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
 
Landslide ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
 
 
 
 
 
 
Rotational slump (slip) ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
 
Debris/rock avalanche ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Huascaran avalanche – Peru, 1970 ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
[object Object],[object Object]
 
 
 
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The lithosphere