1. Section C – Evaluating
contemporary influences
PE A2 2010/11PE A2 2010/11

2. A2A2
This aspect of the specification deals with
optimisation of performance to achieve
elite status.
• Section 1 explores the concepts and
characteristics of World Games and their
impact on the state and individual.

3. What we are going to learn today..What we are going to learn today..
• Understand the nature and characteristicsUnderstand the nature and characteristics
of World Games.of World Games.
• Explain the role of world games in societyExplain the role of world games in society
and the impact they have on individualsand the impact they have on individuals
and the country.and the country.

4. The characteristics of World
Games
What is meant by the term ‘World Games’?What is meant by the term ‘World Games’?
Definition:Definition:
‘‘World Games’ is used to describe the levelWorld Games’ is used to describe the level
of competition engaged in by eliteof competition engaged in by elite
performers beyond their own nationalperformers beyond their own national
boundaries. It implies a coming together ofboundaries. It implies a coming together of
elite teams or individuals in a range of eliteelite teams or individuals in a range of elite
sport competitions.sport competitions.

5. What are World games?What are World games?
• Refers to any sporting competition thatRefers to any sporting competition that
takes place at, world, continental ortakes place at, world, continental or
regional level, either on a single-sport or aregional level, either on a single-sport or a
multi- sport basis. Such games maymulti- sport basis. Such games may
involve individuals, clubs or nationalinvolve individuals, clubs or national
teams, and performers with a disability.teams, and performers with a disability.

6. Can you write down any examples:Can you write down any examples:
Single-sport World Games include:Single-sport World Games include:
• Football – the FIFA world cupFootball – the FIFA world cup
• Hockey – the World HockeyHockey – the World Hockey
Champions Trophy ( Men andChampions Trophy ( Men and
women)women)
• Swimming – The OceaniaSwimming – The Oceania
swimming championshipsswimming championships
(Pacific Ocean countries)(Pacific Ocean countries)
• Rugby- the Heineken EuropeanRugby- the Heineken European
Rugby cup.Rugby cup.

7. Multi-SportMulti-Sport
• The Olympic gamesThe Olympic games
• The Paralympics gamesThe Paralympics games
• The Commonwealth gamesThe Commonwealth games
• The Pan American gamesThe Pan American games
• The special Olympics Latin AmericaThe special Olympics Latin America
gamesgames
• The All- Africa gameThe All- Africa game

8. ActivityActivity
Take an example of a multi-sport and aTake an example of a multi-sport and a
single international and give a break downsingle international and give a break down
of the characteristics.of the characteristics.
(descriptions/features)(descriptions/features)

9. Characteristics of World GamesCharacteristics of World Games
eventsevents
• Involve elite performersInvolve elite performers
• Often require pre-event qualification or meeting a pre-setOften require pre-event qualification or meeting a pre-set
standardstandard
• Become a shop window for the city or country holdingBecome a shop window for the city or country holding
the eventthe event
• Are often highly commercialised, involving high levels ofAre often highly commercialised, involving high levels of
sponsorship and the selling of franchisessponsorship and the selling of franchises
• If large, will involve significant infrastructure developmentIf large, will involve significant infrastructure development
(transport, permanent living accommodation, hotels,(transport, permanent living accommodation, hotels,
health care etc.)health care etc.)
• Are likely to involve the development of sport facilities forAre likely to involve the development of sport facilities for
the competition events and trainingthe competition events and training
• Often involve large numbers of spectatorsOften involve large numbers of spectators

10. What impact do World GamesWhat impact do World Games
have?have?
Due to the size and scope of World GamesDue to the size and scope of World Games
competitions and the commercial , socialcompetitions and the commercial , social
and political interests that surround them,and political interests that surround them,
now have a significant effect onnow have a significant effect on
participants, spectators and on theparticipants, spectators and on the
countries that host and participate in thecountries that host and participate in the
various competitions.various competitions.

11. We are now going to look at theWe are now going to look at the
impact the World Games have on:impact the World Games have on:
• Individuals (participants and spectators)Individuals (participants and spectators)
• Nations and the way that nationalNations and the way that national
governments make use of thesegovernments make use of these
international competitionsinternational competitions

12. Impact on individualsImpact on individuals
To succeed:To succeed:
• Performers wish to become the best; they are highly motivated toPerformers wish to become the best; they are highly motivated to
succeed.succeed.
• They wish to compete against other elite performers and to testThey wish to compete against other elite performers and to test
themselves against the best.themselves against the best.
• They wish to fulfil their potential to make the most of there abilities.They wish to fulfil their potential to make the most of there abilities.
• They may be driven by personal gain, a desire to make their livingThey may be driven by personal gain, a desire to make their living
as a professional performer.as a professional performer.
• They gain pride and satisfaction from representing their country orThey gain pride and satisfaction from representing their country or
nation.nation.
• The strive to meet the expectations of family, peers, teachers orThe strive to meet the expectations of family, peers, teachers or
coacher.coacher.
• As A player or spectators, individuals may have been inspired byAs A player or spectators, individuals may have been inspired by
role models.role models.
• Spectators feel pride in their country after successful internationalSpectators feel pride in their country after successful international
sporting performances.sporting performances.

13. Impact on individualsImpact on individuals
Reasons why an individual may not reach eliteReasons why an individual may not reach elite
level:level:
1.1. Lack self discipline (sacrifices)Lack self discipline (sacrifices)
2.2. Lack the motivationLack the motivation
3.3. The correct finical, coaching, or technicalThe correct finical, coaching, or technical
supportsupport
4.4. InjuryInjury
5.5. Choose another career or life pathChoose another career or life path
6.6. Illegal methodsIllegal methods

14. Impact on the countryImpact on the country
1 )Cultural effects1 )Cultural effects
Many countries place a significant emphasis on beingMany countries place a significant emphasis on being
successful and on the desire to be successful;successful and on the desire to be successful;
competitive sport seems to be a part of their nationalcompetitive sport seems to be a part of their national
character.Dmeonstarted through;character.Dmeonstarted through;
A reasorcesA reasorces
B MediaB Media
C Impact of success of failure on the nationC Impact of success of failure on the nation
D Spetators and support (national hero’s or…. failures)D Spetators and support (national hero’s or…. failures)
““I don't know anything that builds the will to winI don't know anything that builds the will to win
better than competitive sports.” Richard Nixonbetter than competitive sports.” Richard Nixon

15. 2 Social effects2 Social effects
• Unify a country - west Indian cricket teamUnify a country - west Indian cricket team
– united people from very different islands.– united people from very different islands.
Pride in the countries success from 70’s toPride in the countries success from 70’s to
90’s.90’s.
• Beijing Olympics – Chinese governmentBeijing Olympics – Chinese government
record on human rights again unified therecord on human rights again unified the
people behind there government.people behind there government.
• Can you think of any recent examples?Can you think of any recent examples?

16. 3 Economic effects –(positive)3 Economic effects –(positive)
International sport can have a significant economicInternational sport can have a significant economic
effect on a country because;effect on a country because;
• Places the country in the international limelight.Places the country in the international limelight.
• Encourages inward financial investmentEncourages inward financial investment
• Has a beneficial effect on tourismHas a beneficial effect on tourism
• Provides the development of sporting facilitiesProvides the development of sporting facilities
(Sydney; Athens; Beijing; London)(Sydney; Athens; Beijing; London)
• Improve participation in sport and physicalImprove participation in sport and physical
activityactivity
• Infrastructure developmentInfrastructure development
• Regional regenerationRegional regeneration

17. NegativeNegative
 The cost of the event can exceed revenue (The cost of the event can exceed revenue (Money from
the Montreal Games went to pay for venues that in some
cases are no longer used for sports. The cycling
velodrome was converted into an insect museum
because it was too costly to maintain and the pool is
often covered over and used as a floor for trade shows.
The Olympic Stadium had construction cranes in place of
its unfinished 170-metre tower during the Games. The
stadium took decades and more than $1 billion to
complete).
The facilities left are not always the right design or
location to be used again.
Damaging nations reputation for construction delays
(Athens 2004)
Damaging press covereage if event is not up to scratch.

18. Impact on the governmentImpact on the government
 Importance of government support through;Importance of government support through;
a)a) BidingBiding
b)b) PlanningPlanning
c)c) Bring to fruitionBring to fruition
d)d) Demonstrates the effectiveness of its politicalDemonstrates the effectiveness of its political
philosophy.philosophy.
Can you give me an example of this?Can you give me an example of this?
USA USSR cold war 1960 and 1970USA USSR cold war 1960 and 1970
Beijing 2008Beijing 2008
London 2012 impact on country? Impact on ordinary lives?London 2012 impact on country? Impact on ordinary lives?