Clean and Green City

Clean and Green City Tiruvalla
An initiative of RADIO MACFAST 90.4
A Project of
MACFAST
(MAR ATHANASIOS COLLEGE FOR ADVANCED STUDIES
TIRUVALLA-689 101, KERALA, INDIA)
Concept: Rev. Dr. Abraham Mulamoottil, Principal MACFAST
Project Compilation: Mr. Paul V. Mathew, Project Officer, Clean and Green City Tiruvalla

Clean and Green City Tiruvalla 2011
RADIO MACFAST Page 2
Table of contents *
1. Project Background 5
2. Vision 5
3. Mission 6
4. Objectives 6
5. Concept 7
6. Approach – Green Waste Management 8
7. About the Region 11
8. Levels of implementation 11
8.1. Phase 1: Development of Model Clean and Green Campus at MACFAST 12
8.2. Phase 2: Project implementation 15
8.2.1. Methodology 16
8.2.1.1. Studies and Surveys 17
8.2.1.2. Development of an Integrated Waste Management Plan (IWMP) 19
88..22..11..33.. Institutional Mechanism 20
8.2.1.4. Stake holders consultation work shop 26
8.2.1.5. Awareness and capacity building 28
8.2.1.5.1. Hand book on waste management 28
8.2.1.5.2. Green Volunteers 29
8.2.1.5.3. RADIO MACFAST 29
8.2.1.5.4. Clean and Green City Tiruvalla Website 30
8.2.1.5.5. Green Hour 32
8.2.2. Role of stake holders 33
8.2.3. Plausible Mechanism 34
8.2.4. Funding Mechanism and Business Models 39
8.3. Phase 3: Greening of city 42
8.3.1. Sponsorships – Beautification, Maintenance and Management 45
8.3.2. One sapling in one house 46
8.3.3. Sun heart – solar Campaign 46

8.4. Proposals 47
8.4.1. Eco friendly bags - An alternative for plastic 47
8.4.2. Green School 48
8.4.3. Knowledge Centre 50
8.4.4. Eco Office 51
8.4.5. Bio Park 52
8.4.6. Eco Park 53
8.4.7. Eco Household 54
8.4.8. Green Certification 55
9. Manpower 55
10. Financials 55
11. Time frame 57
12. Conclusion 58
13. Annexure 59
Mechanism for Plastic Collection 59 Green School 61 Plastic Friends 66 Technologies 68 Service Providers 77

ACRONYMS
1
6R’s
Reduce, Reuse ,Recycle, Refuse, Repair and Rethink
2
CGC
Clean and Green City
3
DE
Documentation Expert
4
EM
Effective Micro Organism
5
EPR
Extended Producer Responsibility
6
EU
Europian Union
7
FI
Financial Institutions
8
GWC
Green Working Committee
9
IMBY
In My Backyard
10
ISWM
Integrated Solid Waste Management Plan
11
IWM
Integrated Waste Mangement Plan
12
LSG
Local Self Government
13
MACFAST
Mar Athanasios College for Advanced Studies Tiruvalla
14
MLSC
Municplal Level Steering Committee
15
MLTSU
Municipal Level Technical Support Unit
16
NGO
Non Governmental Organization
17
NIMBY
Not In My Backyard
18
SHG
Self Help Group
19
SS
Supporting Staff
20
TA
Technical Assistant
21
UNDP
United Nations Development Program
22
UNEP
United Nations Environmental Program
23
WLSC
Ward Level Steering Committee
24
WLTT
Ward Level Task Team
25
WMWC
Waste Management Working Committee

MACFAST Clean and Green City Tiruvalla
1. Project Background
Every one desires for a pristine, peaceful, unpolluted and calm environment and ambience. The constitution also deserves this right to each citizen. But the augmentation in population and the fast growing urbanization and industrialization totally unbalanced our expectations. The fast moving economy and life style are contaminating our air, water and environment. Various efforts from different corners to tackle these issues have not yet reached anywhere. In order to retain our environment clean and healthy, a collective effort is required and it is obviously the need of this hour. But the past stories invariably prove that the dream ‘Clean and Green City Tiruvalla’ will come true if everyone contributes their roles. The concept ‘Clean and Green City Tiruvalla’ emerged from the thought of creating a clean and green environment in the municipality area of Tiruvalla through a complete Participatory Approach. The theme ‘Charity begins at home’ will be the guiding principle for the project implementation. The project includes the development of a model campus at MACFAST Tiruvalla along with the creation of a zero waste Municipality. Effective awareness, capacity building programs, active participation of stake holders, technical support for the implementation and Research and Development services are the key strategies to achieve this target. In addition to the zero waste concept, development of a sustainable model for waste management by cultivating eco friendly practices, thereby generating income, are also envisaged.
2. Vision
To make a Model City that is Waste-free, Green and Healthy. Accomplish the creation of a ‘Clean and Green City Tiruvalla’ - a sustainable model for waste management, eco friendly practices and greening with all environmental aspects for the whole city thereby proving that waste management is viable, cost effective and financially sustainable.

3. Mission
Development of zero waste and green Tiruvalla with unpolluted environment, better living conditions and surroundings, quality life, sustainable/eco friendly practices and perfect ambience through: Effective and creative awareness programs Catalyze development of attitudinal change among the people towards waste management and environmental up keep. Introducing and encouraging waste management practices in individuals especially in children Enable achievement of personal as well as environmental hygiene Sanitation for all, especially installation of sanitation facilities at public places Make the project implementation participatory Facilitate active community participation Spread the notion wealth from waste and waste as resource thereby developing eco friendly products Ensure all technical support including scientific as well as practical aspects of waste management Greening the city through the help of funding agencies and innovative farming practices
4. Objectives Conduct studies and researches on waste management Suggest effective waste disposal mechanism for each category – units/groups/chapters Make the community aware about the negative impacts of environmental pollution and methods of disposal including waste management techniques Making the community directly responsible by promoting them as the volunteers for waste management Enable Local Self Government to take the lead role to achieve the target of ‘Clean and Green City - Tiruvalla’

Catalyze employment opportunities in waste management sector Develop a Research and Development Centre for waste management in MACFAST Campus Provide technical support for waste management projects and programs Enhancing Stakeholders’ capacity building in Environmental Management through continous training and workshop for local government, NGOs, community leaders, Local Self Groups and institutions Make practical the concept ‘wealth from waste’ and ‘waste as resource’ Develop an institutional mechanism to promote eco friendly practices Introduce eco friendly products instead of non biodegradable materials Promote organic farming, eco product development, ornamental and herbal farms etc. to emulate the greening concept Promote funding agencies and sponsors for greening of city Preparation of a prioritized list of project profiles to explore opportunities for utilization of various funding resources available, ranging from local Panchayat, public-private investment partnerships to international agencies.
5. Concept
First and foremost, the project envisions a paradigm shift in the attitude of community from Not In My Backyard (NIMBY) syndrome to In My Backyard (IMBY) habit. In other words enable the community to ‘segregate and dispose the waste at the source itself’ is the core theme of the project. Creative and effective awareness, systematic implementation and enhanced community support are the real ways out for the problems of wastes. A social and structural transformation can be triggered by strengthening community participation and public-private partnerships.
The entire project may be encapsulated like this: Follow the concept ‘Charity begins at home’. Hence, the project extends the idea that waste is generated by human beings and they are also

liable to manage it. More scientifically, waste management is the Extended Producer Responsibility (EPR) and it is a strategy that is intended for the integration of all costs related with products across their life cycles into the market price of the product. The Polluter Pays Principle suggests that in case of waste leading to any impact on the environment, the polluting party is held responsible and the party needs to pay for it. The waste management refers to the need for a waste producer to pay for proper waste disposal. In other words, it should be understood that the waste management is not the sole responsibility of Municipality, but every individual can and is ethically responsible to manage the waste one could generate. Greening – the last phase of this project intends to create a replicable model for Public Private Partnership (PPP). In addition to the strategy ‘Green hour’ for creative awareness, this PPP for managing unanimated places, streams and drains and greening public places envisage sponsorship from private enterprises and individuals. The scope of work is now focusing on Tiruvalla municipality and gradually it will cover the entire Central Travancore, particularly the area where the holy river Pamba is flowing. municipality area. In other way, the project will initiate on a pilot basis in a specific ward, in MACFAST and therafter it can be implemented in the whole municipality,so that a trial and error method will help to fill all the lacunas in the implications.
6. Approach – Green Waste Management
Green Waste Management is a term used to describe any environmentally friendly way of processing the products that has been discarded. In this kind of waste management, focus is generally on finding the ways that could help to reuse or recycle the discarded articles so that they are not dumped in landfills. It also aims at disposing the toxic waste in such a way that it does not disturb the environment.
Green Waste Management intends to promote the principle 6R’s - Reduce, Reuse, Recycle, Refuse, Repair and Rethink ( Grass Root Network Society, GRRN, USA) -thereby developing a sustainable model for waste management. This model encourages a decentralized mechanism

for waste management. The approach of Green Waste Management not only suggests 6R’s principle but also supports the concept – wealth from waste. The first and foremost important factor to remember after 6R’s principle is the segregation of wastes. Normally wastes can be categorized in to two, viz bio degradable and non-bio degradable. Toxic and e-waste is also included and it is a separate category. But 85% of the household wastes are bio degradable and it can be easily disposed by any person through some effective methods followed by segregation. Green Waste Management varies from setting to setting. So it suggests centralized waste treatment in some occasion and it may vary in different categories. On such occasions it can be developed as a business model by supplying waste management equipments to such categories and generating employment as well as value added products out of it. Hence, N.G.Os, Local Self Groups, Kudumbasree etc. can play an effective role in this system. Thus, the Green Waste Management is a boon to the environment as it uses the techniques that disposes the waste in an eco friendly way. This strategy would lead to an interim scenario of barest minimum of waste generation that needs to be disposed at the source itself and ultimately to the concept of Zero Waste. Through an integrated approach and availability of technology, the message of waste minimization and segregation would be spread to households and institutions. This would be accompanied by maximizing recycling as well as recovery of energy and manure using appropriate technological interventions. To start with, the focus should be on awareness building. Simultaneously the regulatory framework would be strengthened through proper enforcement of existing laws and restructuring the existing laws to give more teeth for enforcement. Ultimately energy, wealth and resource can be recovered from wastes and thereby prove that it is not a finger burning issue but a lucrative and viable idea. Concepts like Bio Park, Green School, Eco Parks, Knowledge Centre etc. will give more thrust to the MACFAST Clean and Green City Tiruvalla Project.

RESOURCE
WASTE MATERIALS
(Dispose at the source itself)
Remaining /undisposed wastes
Fig 1: Waste Management Mechanism
SEGRAGATED COLLECTION
Degradable
Non - degradable
Plastic
Toxic
E- Waste
SUITABLE TECHNOLOGY
DISPOSAL/TREATMENT
Bio gas, Composting, SWTP etc.
VALUE ADDED PRODUCTS

7. About the Region
Tiruvalla is a town and a Taluk headquarters located in Pathanamthitta district in the State of Kerala in South India. This is the largest and the most developed town in the district. The city spans a geographic area of 27.94 km² with a population of 56,828 as of 2001 India census, Males constitute 48% of the population and females 52%. In Thiruvalla, 10% of the population is under 6 years of age. It is on the western border of Pathanamthitta District. The municipal town limits are Thirumoolapuram, Kattod, Kuttapuzha and Manipuzha. Formerly, some areas of present Changanacherry were parts of Tiruvalla taluk. Now the boundaries of the taluk are Varattar Bridge on the south, Lappalam on the north, Pullad on the east and Neerattupuram in west situates in Alappuzha district. Pullad is the last point of Thiruvalla area & it falls in the Koipuram panchayath. The nearest major port is in Kochi, nearest airports are in Kochi and Thiruvananthapuram at a distance of approximately 125 kilometres north and south respectively. The closest sea port, a minor one, is about 30 km away at Alappuzha. The district's only railway station, (Class A categorised) with an annual revenue of over Rs.15 crores (2010), is in Thiruvalla(TRVL) on the Ernakulam to Thiruvananthapuram/Cape Comorin rail route via Kottayam.The national carrier AIR INDIA has a reservation office in Thiruvalla.
8. Levels of Implementation
Broadly the implementation of Clean and Green City Tiruvalla can be divided in to three phases. Phase 1: Development of Model Clean and Green Campus at MACFAST Phase 2: Project implementation Phase 3: Greening of the city

8.1. Phase 1: Development of Model Clean and Green Campus at MACFAST
As part of the project Clean and Green City Tiruvalla - a task undertaken by Radio MACFAST, development of a model campus with the vision of ‘to make a Model Campus that is Waste-free, Green and Healthy’ has been envisaged. It plans to demonstrate different sustainable practices in waste management, energy conservation and resource utilization so that the same can be replicated by any institution as well as stake holders. Now it is already implemented. With the title ‘Clean and Green Campus’ and with a caption ‘Think big think green’- it has paved a smooth way to cultivate good environmental practices/habits in students and staff through various systematic and scientific methods. While encapsulating this initiative, its objectives are as following:
o Energy Conservation and Management
o Water Conservation and Control of Water Quality
o Control of Air Quality and Sound/Noise
o Management of Social, Ethical and Cultural Environment
o Displaying environmental conservation themes
o Regular Sessions/brain storming on environmental importance
o Implementing/Practicing ideal models
o Effective utilization of land by initiating organic farming, herbal garden, ornamental flowers, recreation facilities etc.
o Demonstration of ideal models like solar equipments, water recharging, waste disposal mechanisms etc.
o Installation of energy saving equipments/systems in the campus
o Campus Greening
o Management of Landscape and Aesthetics

A study had been conducted in the campus which analyzed various aspects like existing waste
management mechanisms, issues, major sources of wastes, category, quantity etc. and came
out with an effective solution. It suggested the following mechanism for waste management:
Segregated Collection at the Point of Generation
Transfer/Transport to the Processing Facility
Resource Recovery for Recycling and Reuse
Treatment/Processing
Disposal (to the minimum)
Segregated
collection
Processing
facility
Resource
recovery
Storage
RECYCLING
DISPOSAL
Aerobic
decomposition
BIOFERTILIZER
Disposable
Residue
Biodegradable
Transport
Fig 2: Waste Management Mechanism – MACFAST Campus
For segregated collection, differently coloured bins were provided at the point(s) of generation
(as biodegradable, recyclable and toxic) a GREEN BIN for Biodegradable Wastes, BLUE BIN for
Recyclable Wastes and RED BINS for Toxic Wastes. These segregated wastes will be collected
and removed from the point(s) of generation on a regular basis by the staff involved in cleaning
work. The contents of green, blue and red boxes will be removed daily, weekly and monthly
respectively.

•
Bio degradable wastes are be processed by an
aerobic composting method through a bio bin (bio
trigger mechanism) which is installed at the
campus and it produces bio fertilizer. The liquid
and major bio degradable wastes from the Food
Court and mess of both Men’s and Women’s
Hostels are processed through the bio gas plants in
the campus and used for cooking. The slurry and
bio fertilizer are used in the farms. Non- bio degradable wastes are kept in a separate container
for further processing. Segregated recyclable/reusable wastes are stored in different cubicles
within the store room of the Waste Processing Facility. The contents in the red box (toxic) are
carefully transferred to a concrete box which is buried safely. In addition to this, glass
ware/bottles are segregated on the basis of colour and kept in separate containers. The
collected plastics will be cleaned properly and crushed through a plastic shredder which will be
installed in the campus soon. The messages regarding waste management, energy
conservation, personal hygiene etc. are placed at appropriate places in the campus for
awareness. In addition to this, continuous awareness programs are telecast through the
campus community radio -RADIO MACFAST 90.4 by students and staff. Certain eco friendly
practices like avoiding plastic carry bags/files, using one side written papers, using eco friendly
products etc. are carried out by MACFAST. Water recharging system, organic farming and solar

paneling are the other initiatives undertaken and it is in progress. The herbal garden maintained by the bio students is another attraction in the campus.
Green Hour is the other innovative program introduced in the campus. A complete hour in a week on Thursdays has been allotted for environmental awareness which includes all students as well as top to bottom level staff. 20 minutes talk on ‘tip of the week’ and a talk on a relevant environmental topic is followed by sharing of ideas on innovative waste management/energy conservation/personal hygiene strategies. Everyone will share how they have carried out the tip during the previous week and what they will do in the next week for environment protection. A similar one hour program is telecast through the Community Radio to make local people aware regarding their roles in environmental management. Bio campus in the college has also enhanced their participation by strengthening their research and development skills in environmental management. Development of bio plastic, effective micro organism, herbal farm, bacterial consortium etc. are giving robustness to the notion of Clean and Green Campus. Development of Eco Shop, Eco Park and Green Recreation Corner are few of the immediate items in the pipeline. Clean and Green Campus is the apparent evidence of vision and impetus of concerned authorities and balanced efforts from all corners. Through these mutual efforts, it is invariably proved that the dream of a clean and green city is not far fetched and impossible to achieve if everyone contributes their roles.
8.2. Phase 2: Project Implementation
Before moving for a full fledged implementation, the project will be implemented on a pilot basis in the city in some selected wards so that a trial and error method will help to rectify the initial hindrances and technical errors.

8.2.1. Methodology
In order to attain the target of ‘Clean and Green City Tiruvalla’, the project should be implemented in a highly systematic and well coordinated manner. The methodology adapted here is Participatory approach and Public Private Partnership mode. While considering micro aspects in the execution, active participation of all stake holders is a key strategy to acclaim the glory of clean and green city. Thorough theoretical as well as field level studies and surveys are required in this matter so that it may pave an easy way for the execution. Studies followed by the quantification of waste, suggestion of suitable waste management methods, setting up of an institutional mechanism for the implementation, wide level consultation workshops, preparation of handbooks on waste management, demonstration of ideal models, creative and effective awareness, well coordinated and highly organized field level implementation, setting up of supporting facilities, regular follow ups, effective monitoring and evaluation etc. are the methods which should be adapted. Fig.3: Basic Approach As mentioned earlier, for making the project ubiquitous and effective, wide level community participation and stake holders’ support are required. So the project also suggests certain institutional mechanism in different levels,that may help in abstaining from much imbroglio. The steps included in the methodology consist of various tasks which would be explained later in the Concept report. The diagrammatic representation of methodology is shown below.
PARTICIPATORY APPROACH
Discussions with LSG Representatives to Local level Planning
Decentralization and Local level Planning
Surveys, Trainings, Awareness,
Community Ventures and Public Private Partnerships
Execution
Maintenance, Evaluation, Monitoring and Up gradation
Planning
Management

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8.2.1.1. Studies and Surveys
Waste Management is always a finger burning issue while in the implementation level. Also, the techniques and methods to manage waste may vary from location to location and type to type. So it is termed as a location specific and waste specific solution. Hence, before the implementation stage, a thorough field level study regarding quantity and type of wastes,
Development of an Integrated Waste Management Plan (IWMP)
Tiruvalla
Setting up of Institutional Mechanism
Stake holders’ consultations/workshops
Evaluation workshops/Consultations
Pilot implementation
Phase 2 Implementation
Monitoring, Evaluation and Follow up
Studies and Surveys
Tiruvalla

existing methods and location for disposal, technologies available etc. are required. This study includes three levels:
1. Baseline data collection
2. Assessment of present waste management system
3. Identifying issues of concern
Fig 5: Methodology - Project Preparation
1. Baseline data collection
Base line data collection consists of source identification, quantification and characterization of different types of waste (including industrial, municipal, commercial,
Desk Research
Preparation of questionnaires/ discussion points
Field surveys/ Focus Groups/one to one discussions
Data compilation and Analysis
Preparation of Integrated Waste Management Plan (IWMP)

agricultural and special wastes such as medical waste) including projections for future waste generation etc.
2. Assessment of present waste management system
It includes assessment of the efficacy and effectiveness of the existing waste management system covering all aspects like waste collection, segregation, transportation, treatment and disposal
3. Identifying issues of concern
This stage includes identifying and prioritising issues of concern so that it can be addressed in a systematic and effective way in the project plan and would cover economic, technical, environmental and social areas
8.2.1.2. Development of an Integrated Waste Management Plan (IWMP)
Based on the results emerged from the initial studies, an Integrated Waste Management Plan will be prepared which will address the issues identified and suggest a suitable solution/technologies in a comprehensive manner. IWMP will suggest suitable waste management methods, energy saving techniques and environmental friendly practices for individual categories like hotels, households, institutions, hospitals, markets, slaughter houses, local shops etc. In addition to this, it will incorporate specific proposals for promoting sustainable development, greening and for enhancing eco friendly practices in the Municipality area.
As per the basic approach, the whole process will focus on Participatory planning from the initial level onwards. All the major stakeholders will be included in discussions, studies and consultation for the development of Integrated Waste Management Plan (IWMP). The planning process shall be facilitated at every stage by involving continuous stakeholder consultations like presenting situation analysis report, proposed mechanism and technical suggestions. The IWMP will be finalized by incorporating all the stakeholders’ opinions and suggestions. An interactive mode website will be developed for Clean and Green City project which provides detailed action plan, strategies, guidelines etc. (see website model later). Apart from Radio MACFAST Green Hour, Electronic LED Billboards will be set up in five different parts of Tiruvalla for

promotion of the Clean and Green City Project. The process envisaged is presented diagrammatically in the Figure below which was adapted for UNEP Clean City Project Pune.
Fig.6: IWMP – Process chart
88..22..11..33.. Institutional Mechanism
Setting up of an institutional mechanism for the project implementaion is another key step in the process. A proper institutional mechanism is an integral part for every project which will act as a guiding force for making the project lively. In addition to this, it ensures the project is participatory by including all the stake holders representatives as the committee members.
The suggested institutional mechanism consists of two levels. One for the implementation and coordination and the other for evaluation, monitoring and expert advice. First level committee includes Municipal Level Technical Support Unit (MLTSU) and Ward Level Task Team (WLTT) which is for the coordination and implemenation of the project at field level. Second level committee consists of Municipal Level Steering Committee (MLSC), at central level, Ward Level

Steering Committee (WLSC) at ward level. MLSC will be the sole authority for implementation, monitoring and evaluation of the whole project and all other units/committees come under the supervision of MLSC. WLSC will be the sole authority for implementaion, monitoring and evaluation at the ward level which will be under MLSC. There will be two executive committees under MLSC and WLSC namely Waste Mangement Committee and Greening Committee. MLTSU will be in charge of the overall coordination and implementation of the project which provide guidelines and action plans to the WLTT. High Power Commitee is an external board which is to facilitate and support the functions of Clean and Green City project of Tiruvalla. Community Commity is an open commitee selcted from the people. This commitee will held in certain intervals to discuss about the updates and actions of progrees. This is to to ensure the process completely participatory. Municipal Level Steering Committee (MLSC) This Committee is the sole authority to plan, execute, evaluate and monitor the Clean and Green City programme throughout Tiruvalla Municipality. The Committee is made up of a broad mix of representatives of government, local self governments, industry, civil society organizations, academicians, media personnel, members of the municipal council, organizations involved in waste management and individuals who can contribute high level of professional expertise in the area. Role To guide the development of a strategy and provide a framework for Clean and Green City Project To provide detailed policy and administrative guidance, and direction to the project in the Municipality To aid and direct MLTSU for the implementation of the Programme To plan, manage and periodically monitor the project in the Municipality as a whole and at wards as well as extend and promote it to broad platforms. To act as a platform for partners and stakeholders to consult together on matters of common concern in the field of waste management

Review and evaluation of implementation of various act and rules concerning the implementation of IWMP To ensure transparency and accountability in the project To provide instructions, authorizations and updated information to the partners and stakeholders from time to time To address any issue related to Clean and Green City project as may be necessary to give effect to this programme To act as an Apex body of the Clean and Green City Project to brief, direct and recommend Government for decisions, functions and procedures
Fig. 7: Institutional Mechanism for monitoring, evaluation and expert advice
Municipal Level Steering Committee (MLSC)
Greening Working Committee
Executive Committee
Greening Working Committee
Executive Committee
Ward Level Steering Committee (WLSC)
Community committee
High Power Committee (HPC)

Municipal Level Steering Committee (MLSC)
1. Municipal Chairperson (Chairman)
2. Municipal Secretary (Convener)
Members
3. Municipal Vice Chairman
4. Municipal Health Standing Committee Chairman
5. Opposition Leader
6. Project Director
7. Project Officer
8. Municipal Engineer
9. Municipal Health Supervisor
10. Suprdnt. Taluk Hospital
11. Circle Inspector
12. Field Officer, Agriculture Department
13. President, C.D.S
14. President, Press Club
15. Secretary, Press Club
16. President, Bar Association
17. Dean – Bio Campus, MACFAST
Ward Level Steering Committee (WLSC) This Committee holds all the powers to plan and execute the Clean and Green City programme in the ward directed by the MLSC guidelines from time to time. The whole responsibility for the implementation of the programme at the wards rely on this Committee. The Committee is made up of a broad mix of representatives of government, local self governments, industry, civil society organizations, academicians, media, members of Kudumbasree, organizations involved in waste management and individuals who can contribute high level of professional expertise in the area.

Roles To monitor and manage the Clean and Green City programme and projects at the wards as envisaged by MLSC To ensure implementation of the project at wards To lead the participatory planning process at the wards for the decisions and actions for implementation Coordinate the working groups in waste management and greening areas for meticulous and realistic action plans To ensure participation of stakeholders from various walks of life in environmental management Support the function of WLTT to professionalize project at the wards Ensure accountability and transparency in the programme
Ward Level Steering Committee (WLSC)
1. Ward Councilor (Chairman)
2. Ward Level Sanitation Convener (Convener)
Members
3. Ward Level Task Team Leader
4. Farmers Union Member
5. Kudumbasree Represetative
6. N.G.O’s Representative
7. Resident Associations Representative
8. Political/ religious/social movement representatives (4)

Municipal level Technical Support Unit (MLTSU)
For the implementation and coordination of the project Clean and Green City Tiruvalla, Municipal level Technichal Support Unit(MLTSU) will be constituted. This MLTSU shall work as per the decisions of MLSC. MLTSU will implement the project in the field with the coordination of WLTT and make effective rapport among all other committees. WLTT consists of a team leader and members from Kudumbasree, NGOs, SHGS etc. and will facilitate functions of the project at field level.
Fig.8: Institutional mechanism for technical support, implementation and coordination Working committee on waste management and greening are the representatives from MLSC and WLSC respectively. In addition to their common role, they are also expected to give expert advice on all the project matters. MLSC, WLSC and the working group should discuss and debate on the Vision, Mission, Goals and Objectives of the IWM Plan along with the strategies that could be deployed to achieve the targets.
Municipal level Technical Support Unit (MLTSU)
Project Director
Chief Coordinator
TA
SS
DE
Ward Level Task Team (WLTT)
Team Leader
Task Team
Green Volunteers

High Power Committee (HPC) High Power Committee is an external board which is facilitates the project in different levels. High level interventions like funding, policy level changes and interventions, government orders, technical support, project sourcing etc. are expecting from this committee. It consists of
1. Member of Parliament
2. Member of Legislative Assembly
3. R.D.O
4. District Environmental Engineer
5. Chief Town Planner
6. D. Y. S. P
8.2.1.4. Stake holders Consultation workshop
Stake holders workshops and consultation are envisaged before the field level implementation which will concise and discuss the whole project to get equal concern from all the corners. Subsequent to the discussions within the working group, a series of workshops or meetings would be held between various stakeholders and the civic and city authorities targeting each area in waste management. The Stakeholder Consultation workshops can be of two types, either thematic or stakeholder specific. Thematic Workshops: Thematic workshops bring together stakeholders that are concerned with a single issue or a particular opportunity. One benefit of having such workshops is that all the stakeholders involved in the issue can interact directly with one another and can identify solutions that are mutually suitable. Stakeholder Specific Workshops:
Workshops that are specific to stakeholder groups intend to bring together various members with a common background and purpose. For example, all the NGOs working towards environmental management or all organizations working towards social and developmental change can be brought together. The benefit of this type of a consultation is that all the viewpoints from a single group can be collected.

Fig.9: Consultation Model Stakeholder consultation workshops will give emphasis on the aim to muster maximum inputs from the stakeholders. The Municipality authorities and different Committees can also present some of the key findings and issues based on the situation analysis study to the various stakeholders. Various experts and technology/service providers for the particular stream will be invited as panelists to facilitate the discussions with the other stakeholders and to share their experiences and views through presentations. Such presentations should be followed by discussions involving the key stakeholders, technology/service providers, NGOs, representatives of various educational and research institutions and concerned city/civic authorities. All the stakeholders will be informed about the potential opportunities for economic or environmental benefits that can be obtained from the IWM Plan. This will encourage the stakeholders to participate actively in the implementation process. An online feedback mechanism in the project website and community radio can be effectively utilized for wide level consultation. The website can also be used as a tool for spreading the word about the plan as well as obtaining feedback from various members about the development of the programme.
LSG and Government Agencies
NGOs, SHGs, Micro Enterprises
Kudumbasree
Politicians, Community Leaders
Technology Providers
Academicians and Experts
Private sector industry
Industry Partners

8.2.1.5. Awareness and Capacity Building
Field level implementation of the project starts with wide level awareness and capacity building programs. In order to make the program more community oriented, a hand book on waste management and similar leaflets will be prepared and distributed among the individual units. In addition to the Ward Level Task Team (WLTT), a group called Green Volunteers will be selected and positioned in all wards which would catalyze system implementation. Periodic announcements will be displayed in the Electronic LED Billboards (Green Boards) set up in Tiruvalla.
8.2.1.5.1. Hand Book on Waste Management
This hand book is exclusively for Tiruvalla Municipality which provides all details regarding waste management, environmental hygiene, personal hygiene, waste management and greening technologies etc. based on the studies and researches which will be conducted as per the initial plan. This handbook will cover following subjects.
 Common tips for environmental hygiene, personal hygiene and energy conservation
 Municipality - Present scenario of waste management and its issues
 Brief study report
 Suggested model – Integrated Waste Management Plan
 Modern technologies for House holds Flats Hotels Hospitals Hostels Institutions Auditoriums and community centers Railway station

Festival/celebration Venues
 Successful models
 Disposal mechanism – waste specific
 Details on service providers
 Role of stake holders
 Greening of the city
 Legal frameworks
 Implementation and funding mechanism
8.2.1.5.2. Green Volunteers
Green Volunteers are the persons who are selected from all wards to facilitate the implementation in all wards and to make the project more participatory. These Green Volunteers will support WLTT to robust the awareness campaigns/programs and develop a surveillance system at the point of generations. They will also be provided with badges/identity cards. Members of NGOs, Kudumbasree, clubs, religious and community organizations, social workers, environmental activists etc. can join as Green Volunteers. In order to ensure rigorous public awareness, different workshops, campaigns and public meetings at various levels will be organized in which people would be introduced to the whole process and different models. The Ward Level Task Team shall take the major initiative for the awareness programs. In order to make the WLTT to perform the plan, capacity building programs will be provided by MTSU and Technology/ service providers at different stages.
8.2.1.5.3. RADIO MACFAST GREEN HOUR
Radio MACFAST - a social service arm and community radio of MACFAST dedicates an hour for Clean and Green City Tiruvalla, every Friday from 7.30 PM to 8.30 PM. Similar to Green Hour in the campus, the radio telecasts the program and collects feedback and suggestions from people on a continuous basis. An introductory message followed by calls and responses of listeners has

made the project a lively one. In additions to this, details regarding IWMP can be updated through the radio. It may encourage stake holders as well as media partners to promote the concept of Clean and Green City Tiruvalla.
8.2.1.5.4. Clean and Green City Tiruvalla Website
A website has been created for Clean and Green City Tiruvalla-cgc.macfast.org- which provides sufficient services and details of Integrated Waste Treatment Plan. This interactive website - an effective mode of communication contain the following: Integrated Waste Management Plan for Tiruvalla Adaptable methods/technologies for waste management Innovative waste management or waste to resource Facility for sending query or comment Workshops and capacity building programs Existing waste regulations and laws Links for research and more information Guidance documents, case studies of best practices Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ) and answers Facility for lodging complaints Inventory of waste management solution providers Blog and social networking

A draft site map of Clean and Green City Tiruvalla is as follows (Fig.10). Workshops for different stakeholders shall be arranged periodically based on specific themes. Seminars/conferences and workshops are the most commonly used delivery mechanisms. Half- day seminars are particularly useful in influencing associations, community leaders etc, whereas
one day workshops focusing on themes such as energy efficiency, water conservation etc. are for technical support units of the society. In addition to this, after a seminar or a workshop, one-to-one meetings serve as a good follow-up mechanism. These awareness and educational programmes will be on a continuous basis through conducting workshops for various segments such as students, consumers, and businesses. Communicating the results of the IWM Plans, monitoring and evaluation through the established reporting system will help in maintaining

the interest of the various groups in the programme. The progress reports can be published on the website dedicated for Clean and Green City Tiruvalla , newsletter and LED Green Boards. Capacity building is the other important part of the program which will equip the community, task team, Green Volunteers and stake holders to follow the action plan without any ambiguity. This in turn, requires preparation of training modules, conducting training programmes, organizing seminars by service providers etc. for all the individual stakeholders. The WLTT and Green Volunteers will gather under MLTSU to ensure the systematic implementation of this segment of the project.
8.2.1.5.5. Green Hour
Green Hour provides a creative platform for effective awareness and offers an enormous opportunity to learn and practise different environment management as well as personal hygiene aspects. It moots an hour for environment and nature in every unit/chapter and individuals for propagating the news of clean and green city by practicing/learning/teaching the goodness of nature conservation, waste management, energy conservation, waste management and personal hygiene. It is observed once in a week. Citing the example of MACFAST Green Hour on Thursdays 4PM-5PM, it consists of four stages. Stage 1: Talk/Presentation of the day (Message) The program starts with a talk – a 20 minute message by faculties/leaders/coordinators/ of each class/units on any of the environmental topics. The unit/chapter then discusses the practical implications and share their views on the topic individually. Stage 2: Brainstorming of Ideas: The members of the unit/chapter share any idea -new, innovative, impossible, or even seemingly absurd idea for effective environment management. Stage 3: Tip of the Week: The members then decide to consciously practise a specific tip – any clean and green action for the next week, and to be followed forever. Stage 4: Self Reflection: Clean and Green actions of the previous week would be shared aloud/read aloud by each member of the unit/chapter.

This interesting continuous exercise will muster a platform for developing certain good environmental practices among the individuals/groups which lead to a collective attitudinal change in the community. Similar programs can be successfully conducted in schools/institutions/offices. Sometimes similar programs may not be possible in busy offices and service oriented firms. So they can utilize this time by designing various other ideas. For example individuals can listen and respond to the radio program, news papers can provide a space at the day for environment management program, display and distribute brochures/tips/leaflets on this aspect, industries/factories can switch off the devices or machines etc.
Fig. 11: Awareness and Capacity building programs
8.2.2. Role of stake holders
Local Self Governments and Municipalities have the key role to manage wastes in their areas. They should have the determination and strength of will to implement the plans and projects properly. Proper follow up, evaluation and monitoring from the concerned authorities will help to accomplish the targets. Authorities are also liable to ensures rules, laws and regulations are maintained everywhere. In addition to this, authorities can make the community aware about all the negative impacts of environmental pollution and the irrepairable damage caused by the same. Thus LSGs and Municipalities can ensure acquaintance of all the stake holders and make the project participatory.
HAND BOOK, LEAFLETS
RADIO MACFAST
MEDIA
SEMINARS, WORK SHOPS, CAMPAiGNS
TRAINING PROGRAMS
TRAINING MODULES
PROPOSALS - INSTALLATION OF TREATMENT PLANTS, SHREDDERS, ECO PARKS, GREENING ETC.
GREEN HOUR

The General Public has a responsibility to prevent and minimize waste wherever possible, and to use the facilities made available for safe collection and disposal of waste. They need to participate in source separation and recycling services provided, and remove household hazardous waste for safe disposal. The Business and Industrial sectors need to implement best practices in relation to waste prevention, minimization, recycling and disposal, and also to implement greener policies in‐house. They will ensure the proper documentation of all the wastes leaving their premises and it should be handled by legal operators. The Packaging Industry (including re‐pack), is responsible for improving packaging, waste reduction, reusability and recyclability, as well as funding recycling and recovery of packaging. The Private Sector will continue to expand collection and recycling services, provide innovative technologies and assist in the promotion of awareness on waste management. They are required to follow the waste hierarchy and waste plan objectives with improvements in data reporting and compliance. Voluntary Organizations, NGOs & Community Groups can undertake waste projects and promote eco friendly products and practices at local level. Increased responsibility will be taken for waste management through community schemes with support from local authorities. Media has a vital role in educating and updating local community through different programs. As a persuader, they can address different issues on waste management, bring these issues to the attention of the concerned authority and help to safeguard the general health of people.
8.2.3. Plausible Mechanism
As mentioned earlier an Integrated Waste Management Plan can provide suggestions only after studies and surveys. At the same time there are many successful mechanisms available which are replicated from our country and abroad. In the back ground of these studies, some models are illustrated below. Demonstration of 6R’s principles through integrated waste management in the city which can serve as model for other cities in the region for replication and adoption Enhancement of capacity of local government authorities, businesses and civil society organizations in dealing with waste issues

 Waste prevention and reduction at source
 Waste segregation at source
 Waste collection
 Waste transportation
 Waste reuse/exchange
 Waste recycling/resource recovery
 Waste treatment for organic waste &
disposal of residual waste at sanitary landfill
Achievement of resource augmentation through the application of 6R’s principle Demonstration of Environmentally Sound Technologies (ESTs) for waste management Improvement of the management of waste in the target city
Fig. 12: Waste management strategy Municipality is the sole authority to implement the project including placing of technical support unit, funding/sanctioning grants for technologies like bio gas plant, solid waste treatment plant, waste water treatment plant, bio bins, plastic shredders etc. Purchase, installation and maintenance of these will be under the control/ suggested mechanism of Municipality.

Fig.13: Waste Management Mechanism suggested by UNEP
Existing mechanism in Kerala suggests following solutions for waste management.
Location specific
Sl. No. Properties Available Technologies
1 House holds Composting, cultiverter, Bio gas, incinerators,
homestead organic farming, water harvesting etc.
2 Flats Bio bins, bio gas, solar panels, composting, farms, rain
water harvesting
3 Market Waste bins, sign boards, Waste water treatment plant,
solid waste treatment plant, bio gas, effective micro
organism (EM), Solar panels, rain water harvesting,
plastic shredders and sanitation facilities, cleaning staff

4
Resident Associations
Bacterial/vermi composting, centralized waste collection and community solid waste treatment plant, bio gas plants, water recharging facilities, ornamental/herbal farms and gardens, community farm.
5
Institutions
Waste bins, bio gas, organic farms, solar panel, water harvesting system, sign boards, bio bins, cleaning staff
6
Auditorium
Aerobic composting system, bio gas plant, water harvesting techniques
7
Slaughter houses
Aerobic composting system, bio gas plant
8
Offices
Waste bins, water recharging system, solar paneling, cleaning staff , energy conservation themes, eco tips
9
Bus stand
Waste bins, public sanitation facilities, sign boards, cleaning staff
10
Railway stations
11
Public places
12
Hospitals
Incinerators, Waste bins, sign boards, Waste water treatment plant, solid waste treatment plant, bio gas, effective micro organism (EM), Solar panels, rain water harvesting, plastic shredders, sanitation facilities, cleaning staff
13
Hotels
Waste bins, Waste water treatment plant, solid waste treatment plant, bio gas, effective micro organism (EM), Solar panels, rain water harvesting, sanitation facilities, cleaning staff
14
Festival/ public venues
Fig 14: Location Specific Solutions

Waste specific
Sl. No.
Properties
Available Technologies
1
Vegetables, food wastes
Bio gas, composting, aerobic treatment, bio bins
2
Waste water
Waste water treatment equipment/plant, bio gas, coir pith
3
Plastic bottles
Reduce/Recycle/reuse- plastic shredder (collection centre)
4
Metals
Recycle/reuse (collection centre)
5
Toxic and acidic
Treatment/concrete slabs
6
E waste
Recycle (collection centre)
7
Sewage wastes
Sewerage Systems (sewers)
8
Paper, card board
Reduce/Recycle/reuse - incinerator( collection centre)
9
Bottles , glass
Recycle/reuse (collection centre)
10
Plastic carry bags
Reduce
Fig.15: Waste Specific Solutions Promoting decentralized system of waste management is the core concept of major projects. While suggesting the same, centralized mechanism for waste management also holds importance at some occasions. In decentralized approach, the full cost of providing the collection service to the particular area is borne by the residents of the area. As such, a small enterprise is established in which residents of the area are requested to participate. The members of the enterprise are trained in their different duties (from collection to basic book keeping). In order to keep the investment and operating costs to an affordable level, the enterprise provides the house-to-house service, while the Municipality is requested to assist with the transportation of the wastes to the collection centre, especially for plastic/glassware/toxic wastes. MLTSU in alliance with service providers will facilitate the process by providing sound technologies at appropriate places through WLTT.

8.2.4. Funding Mechanism and Business Models
Funds from State Government, various departments, Central Government, Planning Fund, national and international funding agencies can be used for getting funds for waste management in the Municipality area. In addition to this, Public Private Participation (PPP) mode and privatization of some area can help to reduce financial burden of municipality. In privatization, the types of privatization most commonly used in solid waste management include: contracting, franchise, open competition, and vendor/operator equity investment. The level of cost and degree of difficulty associated with the service provide an opportunity for participation of the private sector. In general, the private sector potentially can play two key roles in the field of waste management. One important role is to increase the efficiency of the service and, thus, reduce the cost in existing waste management systems. The other key role for the private sector is to provide much needed sources of funds for capital investments. One of the potential benefits of privatization of the service is the ability to recover the costs of service through the implementation of user charges. The implementation of user charges, or the increase of existing charges, generally is an extremely difficult political decision that can best be managed by allowing the private sector to impose them. Privatization, however, is not the total solution to the successful provision of solid waste management services. Only a local government institution having competent and qualified professional staff will be able to develop, negotiate, manage, monitor, and enforce a contract with a private entity. The three different types of recycling business models, which can be implemented, are described below.
1. Conventional Waste/ E-waste Recycling Model
2. Public Private Partnership (PPP) based Waste/ E-waste Business Model
3. Extended Producer Responsibility Based Business Model
I. Conventional Waste/E-waste Recycling Model:
Conventional recycling model is based on recycling of waste purchased by recycler from generator. The entire model is based on conventional business model, where recycler recovers money by selling the products. The salient features of existing model are given below:

Recycler establishes waste recycling facility. Recycler purchases input raw material from the waste generators. Recycler recovers money by selling the waste fractions/ final product to smelters. Recycler has its own collection and transportation system for input raw material. Recycler finances the entire cost of collection, transportation and recycling through its own resources or through loans. Recycler can avail of existing incentives available for industrial promotion offered by different government agencies. However, the application of these schemes is dependent on classification of this type of business activity.
II. Public Private Partnership Business Model:
Project on Public Private Partnership (PPP) model is based on a contract or concession agreement, between a Government or statutory entity on the one side and a private sector company on the other side, for delivering an infrastructure service on payment of user charges. Therefore, government participates to mitigate risks in order to promote infrastructure services. The features of this model are described in terms of definitions, eligibility criteria and government support as given below. Definitions
1. Private Sector Company means a company in which 51% or more of the subscribed and paid up equity is owned and controlled by a private entity.
2. Lead Financial Institution means the financial institution (FI) that is funding the PPP project, and in case there is a consortium of FIs, the FI designated as such by the consortium.
3. Total Project Cost means the lower of the total capital cost of the PPP Project:
(a) as estimated by the statutory entity that owns the project,
(b) as sanctioned by the Lead Financial Institution, and
(c) as actually expended;
4. any case including the cost of land incurred by the government/statutory entity;

5. Viability Gap Funding or Grant under this model means a grant one-time with the objective of making a project commercially viable.
Eligibility
1. The project shall be implemented i.e. developed, financed, constructed, maintained and operated for the Project Term by a Private Sector Company to be selected by a statutory entity through a process of open competitive bidding.
2. The project should provide a service against payment of a predetermined tariff or user charge.
3. The concerned statutory entity should certify, with reasons;
(i) that the tariff/user charge cannot be increased to eliminate or reduce the viability gap of the PPP;
(ii) The Project Term cannot be increased for reducing the viability gap; and
(iii) The capital costs are reasonable and based on the standards and specifications normally applicable to such projects and that the capital costs cannot be further restricted for reducing the viability gap.
Statutory Support
1. The total Viability Gap Funding under this scheme shall not exceed a certain percent of the total project cost.
2. Viability Gap Funding under this scheme will normally be in the form of a capital grant at the stage of project construction.
3. In this model, the recovery of the revenue for the services rendered is dependent on the user fee, which in case of waste management could be recycling fee, which may be recovered from the consumer.
III. Extended Product Responsibility Based Business Model
The entire business model is based on “Extended Producer Responsibility” at European Union (EU), where the producing organizations are responsible for waste take back and treatment. The business model is an integrated model consisting of waste collection, transportation and treatment. These guidance features as per EU directive are given below.

1. Producers are responsible for the costs of picking up waste from collection facilities and for refurbishing waste products for reuse or for recycling and recovery.
2. When producers put a new product on the market, they must provide a financial “guarantee” that waste management of the product will be paid for. Producers can get waiver on this guarantee by participating in a producer responsibility organization (PRO), paying recycling insurance, or setting up a special bank account for this purpose.
After the pilot level implementation, effectiveness of the project should be evaluated by an external team and should submit their report to the MLSC. In the light of this report, MLSC can hold a meeting of stake holders and discuss about the further proceedings. Thus the project can be implemented in the whole municipality area by cementing the lacunas.
8.3. Phase 3: Greening of City
While thinking about the term ‘green’, a theme comes to our mind- global warming – ‘tree is the answer’. The concept green undoubtedly proves that planting or sapling in any term is the key strategy to make our environment green. Obviously, it‘s a lovely term to hear and use and the gratification received from the fulfillment of green is entirely different from everything. An ambience with fresh air, clean atmosphere, picturesque location, peaceful environment and gentle fragrance is a dream of every one. Now the project ‘Clean and Green City Tiruvalla’ take us to the attainment and acclamation of such a green city. This greening not only beautifies the environment but also purifies the air because plants have the ability to absorb carbon dioxide and supply oxygen. This is the reason behind promoting greening as the answer for global warming. In addition to this, some variety of plants are pollutants-recipient in nature that absorbs different dust particles and augment purification of air. Similarly, some varieties are sound absorbing in nature. Hence, a scientific study/environmental assessment will be undertaken by the authority to identify the key intervention areas and design as per the findings. A geographical information system (GIS) study and mapping will be done by the experts and suggest model design for greening. This environmental assessment and GIS study will come with an ideal greening design for the city. Some of the ideas are illustrated in the diagram shown below.

Fig 16: Green City Concept Tiruvalla
Eco Shops
Green Buildings
Eco Households
Green Gardens
Green Roads
Green Schools
Eco Market
Eco Park
Green Streets
Clean and Green City Tiruvalla – ‘Go green – say NO to plastic’
Green Streams
Eco Office
Green Certification

“I think we have an obligation in our generation and in foreseeable generations, to try to protect every species, because virtually every species that is going extinct now is going extinct due to human activity not because of natural processes”. (R. Noss, 1995) Implement laws on environment and pollution strictly Install waste bins for plastics/non degradable wastes at proper places Use sign boards and guidelines appropriately at suitable places Provide sufficient urinal facilities in public places and maintain them professionally Promote eco friendly practices Ensure sufficient supply of alternatives for plastic carry bags If possible, complete banning of plastics Removal of posters and stickers from the compound walls through NREG Program Prohibit or restrict pasting of posters/banners in public place Beautification of public places like roads, markets, streets Promote organic farming Development of community recreation centers like parks, gardens etc. Implementation of concepts like eco park, bio park, green school, green office etc. Maintain public compound walls without private posters and stickers Award for best green practices Showcasing environmental conservation themes at public places especially at compound walls. Provide guide line for green buildings Green/Environment certifications Conversion of dumping yards in to gardens/farms Conversion of fallow lands in to cultivation lands Subsidy/grants/financial support for green practices Ensure private support for greening Promote sponsorship for different environmental practices and development of community recreation centers Installing Green LED Boards as an alternative for Poster/Flex/Bill boards

8.3.1. Sponsorships – Beautification, Maintenance and Management
As mentioned earlier Participatory Approach is the tool to making the project ubiquitous. Public Private Partnership (PPP) is one of the strategies to achieve the concept in a participatory mode. In this back ground beautification, maintenance and management of key areas can be done by private players. Normally unanimated places like roads, streams, drains and public places have the tendency to be polluted or unmanaged. Even if it is maintained by authorities, after a time being it may become unmanaged and dirty. So the theme of dump yard in to gardens is the guiding force behind this strategy of sponsorship for beautification, management and maintenance. By converting major dumping yards and points of disposal in to gardens/recreation centers, the habit of NIMBY will shift to IMBY. Beautification of road/public places, gardening, creation of recreation centers/ community parks etc can be done by private agencies, educational institutions, clubs/associations and other organizations as part of their Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) exercises.
Fig. 17: PPP Model for Greening
PUBLIC PRIVATE PARTNERSHIP
CSR/SPONSORSHIPS
Greening/beautification
Maintenance
Management
Roads Streams/Rivers Public Places
Gardens Recreation Centers Markets

8.3.2. One sapling in one house
Project envisages distributing ten medicinal/herbal plants in each houses of Municipal area which has unique medicinal value. It envisions propagating the message ‘back to nature’ by using natural remedies for ordinary things. Thus people can keep doctors away from their home. Addition to the saplings, a book let which contains whole details of these medicinal plants like variety, scientific name, usage etc. will be distributed along with this. This project will be implemented in association with hospitals, N.G.O’s and other stake holders.
8.3.3. Sun heart – solar Campaign
This is another initiative plans to implement as part of the promotion renewable source of energy. Houses, shops, government offices and industries will be the focus area. Carbon credit – most recent subsidy mechanism and Jawaharlal Nehru Solar Projects are the key guidelines for implementation. Municipal Level Technical Support Team will provide all the support like subsidy, service providers, installment etc. Thus, noticeable changes are anticipating by shifting to renewable sources of energy.

8.4. Proposals
An alternate solution should be suggested before initiating regulations, banning and restrictions. This means while banning plastic an alternative for plastic should be suggested, and open littering facilities for littering should be provided. It needs some innovative and creative ideas and efforts to reinstate our pristine environment, retain our picturesque ambience and maintain sustainable development. In order to achieve the goal of sustainable development and waste free society, creation of bio village is mooted. Some ideas to accomplish the target of Clean and Green City Tiruvalla are added for the preparation of proposals.
8.4.1. Eco friendly bags - An alternative for plastic
Sacrifice some greed and make some compromises – a creative solution to plastics. Say No to plastic and use eco friendly products The initiative intends to encourage eco friendly practices in people through the use of alternative sources of plastic and reducing its usage. It plans to supply eco friendly cloth & paper bags by coordinating local production units and benefiting them through advancing environmental friendly concepts. Along with the production and supply of eco friendly carry bags in shops it also envisages awareness creation to the community on the hazardous effects of plastics. Reduce the consumption of plastic carry bags by ensuring them to adapt eco friendly alternatives. Encouraging the supply of eco friendly carry bags instead of plastic carry bags in all houses and shops through local production units Develop a system/mechanism for achieving the target of plastic free municipality. Benefitting the local community along with the promotion of eco friendly practices.
Complete banning of plastic with immediate effect is not at all practical but it is expected to start with growing awareness among community about the bad effects of plastic and the promotion of reduction and reuse practices. By supplying eco friendly bags to each household and persuading them to use it as permanent basis helps achieve this objective in a short span of

time. Good impetus from LSGs, SHGs, NGOs and effective support from industries are essential to achieve this target. Technical support and financial support is the back bone of every project. The authorities must have to provide proper technical and financial support to the community/SHG. Training programs must be conducted for the community by the Government or NGOs. They should also have to provide the latest technologies that help to produce the product in low cost and in limited time. As part of the corporate social responsibility task, industries can take proper initiative for the sponsorship of the production unit and the organizations such as Kudumbasree, and NGOs must conduct the awareness programs for the community about the advantages of using paper bags and cloth bags. Sponsorship In order to ensure the supply of eco friendly bags at reasonable price, industry can support through sponsorship, financial support, advertisements, promoting units etc. Give and take Paper, including news paper is the major raw material needed for the production of eco friendly bags. This raw material is largely available in hotels, shops and houses. Industry can provide news paper/paper to production units and take back as paper bag. It will be in a mutual beneficial mechanism like waging employees, discounts etc.
8.4.2. Green School More and more of us are realizing that our future depends on protecting the health and well- being of our children and the planet. To do so, we must educate new generations of citizens with the skills to solve the global environmental problems we face. Students have a habit to retain and replicate than adults. So the schools and colleges can be considered as an effective medium for awareness and to cultivate ideal habits among them so that they will be the herald for the good habits. It may trigger a tremendous change in the attitude of people. In order to make the programme more effective, schools can adapt different activities under the umbrella of various in-school clubs. School authorities and teachers those who have

outstanding will power, commitment and confidence can easily accomplish the dream of a Green School by undertaking different innovative activities. Some activities suggested are:  Formation of eco club, health club, green club, science club etc.  Health survey to assess the awareness and habits of students  Cultural exchange programs  Green Hour to provide awareness, cultivate good habits and develop ideas  Health voting to enhance personal hygiene  Tips of the day in classroom notice boards, school notice boards etc.  Green class competitions  Awards like Mr./Ms. Health/Hygiene, green class room, zero waste class etc.  Water quality assessment, creation of water corners, installation of water harvesting system, water conservatory methods  Waste auditors scheme to quantify the wastes in class.  Zero waste class room  Development of Bio park (Waste management practices like Composting , plastic recycling, water recharge, eco friendly products)  Waste management projects as part of field studies and practical oriented programs  Hands on training  Environmental camps  Site visits, tours  Science exhibitions, environmental quiz etc.  Using eco friendly products  Following energy conservation practices  Installation of environmental themes in the campus  Conduct awareness programs, seminars, drama  Planting trees  Observe dry day, environmental days etc.  School gardens, Herbal garden etc.  Research projects

 Poster, essay, painting competitions  Eco greeting cards  Organic farming  Class room exercises  Development of model waste management mechanism in the school. Concerned departments shall provide adequate facilities like infrastructure, sanitation, mid day meal, recreation facilities etc. School management, PTA, Staff and teachers etc. can contribute towards this effort.
8.4.3. Knowledge Centre (MACFAST R&D Wing)
Along with the development and implementation of model Clean and Green City project, MACFAST can develop a knowledge centre for waste management. The Research and Development wing at the bio campus of MACFAST will provide all the technical as well as modern technologies on waste management. The successful creation of Clean and Green Campus, Bio plastic, Effective micro organisms, Herbal farms, bio innovations, consultancy services etc. give much hope for the accomplishment of a knowledge centre at MACFAST Campus. MACFAST also has a core and strong team of experts, academicians, practitioners, technical support unit and service providers. In the wake of waste management as a core subject and a serious issue of concern, shortage of courses on waste management and experts on the same are playing as villains. At the same time governments as well as LSGs spend crores of rupees without proper planning on other initiatives. Thus, we need more practitioners with sufficient theoretical back ground on waste management to handle it at field level and at each LSG and this is obviously the need of this hour. MACFAST can offer courses on waste management with effective practical orientation programs. In addition to this MACFAST R & D can provide consultancy services on various subjects like geo informatics, waste water management, municipal waste management, water shed management, environment reports, environment impact assessment, environmental auditing and environmental sustainable reports, feasibility studies, project monitoring and evaluation, solid waste management,

preparation of business plans and models, e- waste handling, technical support, project coordination and implementation, providing technology etc. A collection of books, magazines, information leaflets, booklets, teaching kits and other publications produced by government departments, local and overseas green groups, community groups and other organizations on various environmental topics will be made available here. Local and overseas environmental journals and press clippings in different categories will also be made available. Access to environmental information through the Internet will also be provided. CD-ROMs on various environmental and conservation issues will be made available to the visitors. Provision of a television set for videos, sound-slide programmes, laser discs and VCD’s will also be made available. Technical Support Cell: This cell will provide technical support to the various environmental initiatives (such as composting, Vermi-composting, Bio-Methanation plants, recycling activities etc.) that are going on in the city and will also encourage more such initiatives.
8.4.4. Eco Office
The concept eco office aims at adopting 100% eco-friendly practices in all the offices in Municipality area which mainly targets at the reduction in the use of energy, paper and water. It also aims at improving the aesthetic appeal and air quality of office spaces by placing indoor plants and avoiding the use of plastics wherever possible. Eco office envisages persuading the entire offices to be 100% Eco-Friendly by the end of December 2011. To enhance this process, every office shall depute an eco-office coordinator and use posters, desktop wallpapers and e-flyers that may be used to spread the message of Environment Responsibility among the employees. An Eco friendly practice does not necessarily mean huge investments but it is indeed an important and responsible business practice. A study of companies and pollution prevention showed that companies that had been environmentally proactive had a 4% higher rate of return on investment, a 9% higher sales growth, and nearly a 17% higher operating income growth.

Here are some tips/guidelines to develop an eco office. Innovators can add their creative ideas to make their office eco friendly. Energy Saving Tips Switching off lights and fans when ever and where ever it is not necessary. Use fans along with air conditioners – it cools better and faster Buy a multifunction machine – fax, copier, scanner and printer in one Choose a printer with a double sided print capability Simply turn off the computers and copiers when not required – it reduces energy use by 65 to 75%.
Paper Saving and Office Tips: Use both sides of the paper for printing or photocopying Reuse envelopes, bags and mailers Use e-mail or internal faxes Avoid using cover sheets for faxes Share periodicals with associates Use rewriteable CD’s Use mechanical pencils and refillable pens
8.4.5. Bio park
Bio Park consists of herbal garden which exhibits local plants, herbals, medicinal plants etc. along with proper documentation. It also demonstrates different traditional as well as modern mechanisms for waste management like bio gas plant, vermin compost unit, bacterial consortium, effective micro organism, aerobic and anaerobic process, cultiverter etc. Water recharging unit, organic farming, ornamental flowers farm etc. will be the attraction of this bio park. In addition to these facilities a ‘green shop’ in connection with the bio park will supply organic products, seeds, medicinal and ornamental plants etc. This will be an ideal model to promulgate the concept of effective utilization of resources.

8.4.6. Eco Park
Eco Park aims to promote eco friendly practices by demonstrating different energy conservation and environmental friendly systems. Along with this, the Eco Park will be provided with different models, equipments and technologies for waste management. It will promote the idea of reuse, recovery and recycling of waste resources and returning them to the consumption loop. The recycling unit in connection with the Eco Park will help to realize the full potential of recyclable materials recovered from Municipal wastes. An eco shop in the Eco park make the concept ‘zero waste’ come true by showcasing and selling different value added products, handicrafts, paintings, paper bag, pots, mats etc. which are produced from waste and natural resources. There will be a separate section devoted to waste crafts, which will exhibit crafts and art pieces developed from the waste. The items displayed in this section will be contributed from various competitions at different levels (schools, colleges, housing communities, etc.) which will be conducted with support from other organizations and stake holders. These competitions will help to encourage this type of art and make the people aware about the importance of waste utilization and reduction. Apart from these competitions, independent contributions will also be allowed. Also the art pieces displayed in this section will be available for sale and will help in generating funds. There will be a separate section for the industries to facilitate show-casing of environmentally sound technologies, products, initiatives to achieve waste minimization, cleaner production technologies etc. The industries will be charged for the space they will be provided. This will help to enhance the financial sustainability of the Eco Park. The section will attract the industries as it will help them in marketing their product or brand and also enhance their image in the eyes of the people. Leaflets and publications from the Government, Environmental Committees, green groups and other related organizations will be made available here. Also, there will be information regarding the activities of the Eco Park in the previous month and also for the coming month.

Public Relations Cell: This cell will be responsible for interacting with different organizations and stakeholders and thus will keep the Eco Park informed about their needs, and accordingly, scheduling of various activities could be done. In short, this cell will act as an interface between the various stakeholders in the city and the Eco Park.
8.4.7. Eco Household
An extension to the homestead ,eco household uses traditional designs and building materials in construction. It also follows different energy conservation practices and energy saving equipments in house holds. The kitchen garden/homestead farms are effectively utilizing organic fertilizers which are produced from the bio gas or composting system. Use of renewable resources of energy such as solar power or non-polluting sources of energy, developing energy saving messages in all guest rooms, transport mechanism using non polluting sources of energy, using eco friendly products, growing organic farms, herbal farms, ornamental flowers etc are some of the ideal practices in an eco house hold.
8.4.8. Green Certification
Green Certification intends to certify/ classify different units like hotels, shops, offices, houses on the basis of certain specific environmental standards. Criteria, guidelines and scoring pattern will be prepared and distributed among the partnering members and stake holders. A separate panel will be constituted for taking care of the certification under MLSC. Based on the recommendations of the panel and through a community voting system, MLSC will award certificates, awards and subsidies for the units. It not only improves the image of units but also spreads effective environmental strategies.

9. Man Power
Sl. No.
Designation
Number
1
Program Officer
1
2
Coordinators
4
3
1
4
PR Officer
1
5
Accountant
1
6
DTP Operator
1
7
Technical Assistant
1
8
Supporting staffs
4
TOTAL
14
10. Financials
Clean and Green City Tiruvalla - Financial Plan (3 Years)
Sl. No
Particulars
Required Number
Estimated Cost(Rs.)
Total (Rs.)
1
Awareness and Capacity Building
A
Work shops
1
Ward level
117
5000
585000
2
School Teachers
90
3500
315000
3
Students
90
3000
270000
4
Business/shop runners
10
3500
35000
5
Consultation Workshops
10
10000
100000
B
Training
1
Ward level for Organic farming
117
3500
409500
2
Micro enterprises Training
117
5000
585000
C
Preparation of Training Module
10
5000
50000
D
Hand Book
60000
16
960000
E
Committie Meetings
15
2000
30000
F
Other Meetings
25
5000
125000
TOTAL
3464500
2
Studies and Surveys
12
75000
900000
3
Staff Expenditure
Program Officer
1
25000
25000

Coordinators
4
20000
80000
1
20000
20000
PR Officer
1
20000
20000
Accountant
1
15000
15000
DTP Operator
1
5000
5000
Technical Assistant
1
8000
8000
Supporting staffs
4
7000
28000
TOTAL
14
120000
201000
Expenditure for 3 years
36
124000
4464000
4
Infrastructure
CGC cum Eco shop
Furnishing
1
200000
200000
Furniture
1
100000
100000
Stationery
1
150000
150000
Maintenance
1
750000
750000
Miscellaneous
1
150000
150000
Power, Communication etc.
36
3000
108000
Rent
36
10000
360000
TOTAL
1818000
5
Printing Charges
1
375000
375000
6
Communication Charges
1
150000
150000
7
Transportation
1
450000
450000
8
Food and Accomodations
1
400000
400000
9
Documentation
1
500000
500000
10
Greening Services
1
500000
500000
TOTAL
2375000
TOTAL
13021500
Coordination Charge (20%)
2604300
GRAND TOTAL
15625800
One crore fifty six lakhs twenty five thousand and eight hundred only
N:B - inclusive of all taxes, cost of technology installation excluded.

11. Action plan for Year 1
Action plan for the first year is shown below.

12. Conclusion
The project Clean and Green City Tiruvalla, a new step initiated by MACFAST and the community radio Radio MACFAST 90.4 envisages a paradigm shift in the attitude of community, authorities and stake holders towards environmental management- a dream which will be realised soon by going ahead step by step. Perseverance, commitment, determination and optimistic approach are the guiding forces which will catalyze the footsteps. Notwithstanding these concrete efforts, support from all stake holders will facilitate this participatory approach. While remembering all these facts, it’s an issue of individual as well as social responsibility, issue of survival of our generation and the people yet to come. Or in other words, “The Face of the Other makes me Responsible”. A solution which is least disturbing to the community and focusing on recovery centric technique undoubtedly gets support from all corners. And it can be solved if everyone deliver their duties, exercise their rights and contribute their roles. The objective Clean and Green City project is a plausible one and not a very far dream with everyone putting in their dedicated efforts and facilitated by the techno savvy world with effective strategies.

Annexure
A. Plastic Collection and disposal Mechanism of Non – bio degradable wastes for Clean and Green Tiruvalla
Managing plastic becomes a serious issue these days due to lack of a systematic plan and mechanism to dispose plastic wastes and other non – bio degradable wastes. In addition to this, segregation of wastes in to degradable and bio degradable through centralized system is now becomes completely unscientific and a cumbersome effort. But the issue of be plastic wastes handling here is more ease because of the newly installed plastic shredder at Thukallassery, if we plan and implement this mechanism for handling non – bio degradable wastes properly. The concept ‘waste is wealth’ can be apparently proved by setting up a new mechanism for non bio degradable wastes and by ensuring its implementation highly systematic. Hence, all sorts of non – bio degradable wastes can collect and mange through this sustained mechanism. Mechanism Mechanism suggests here can be implemented through Municipality with the help of Kudumbsree and NGO’s. Managed and controlled by Municipality, Kudumbsree/NGO’s can collect non – bio degradable waste from houses, shops and different units. A trolley partitioned in to different sections shall use for collecting non – bio degradable wastes. Thus segregated collection like plastic bottles, cardboards, papers, cotton, tubes etc. can be operated very systematically. This service shall arrange twice in a week in town area and can be arranged once in week in other places depending up on the amount of waste generation. This date shall announce earlier through notice, newspaper and radio. The existing scenario can be analyzed through a survey in shops at the town so that it will help to know the amount of waste generation and feed backs of shop owners. Other than town area, a collection centre can fix and non – biodegradable wastes can collect through this centre. The date and time of collection shall be informed earlier through different medium. Collection centre
Collection centre/store shall be installed in each ward for ensuring its flexible operation. The collected non – bio degradable wastes shall segregate properly at this centre and can be transported to the end users. Collected materials are required to clean properly as per the

norms and conditions of buyers. This center should also work as the collection centre for all non – bio degradable wastes.
Management Municipality shall be the sole authority to manage and control this mechanism. A team under Municipal Health Inspector and Supervisor shall be constituted which includes Green Volunteers (Cleaning Workers). Proper uniforms, identity cards and badges shall be provided for workers. Utmost focus should be on management and training regarding operation, conduct and behavior of green volunteers. The amount earned through this shall distribute among green volunteers addition to the incentives provided by the Municipality. This shall be managed and controlled by the committee of Green Volunteers. Named by ‘Plastic Friends’, schools and institutions can sell their plastic materials and bottles through a collection center, which is installed at individual levels.
Units and Non – bio degradable wastes (plastic, card board, paper, cotton, metals etc.)
Green Volunteers and Trolley
Collection centre
Cleaning and segregation
Transportation to end users
Green Volunteer Committee
Mechanism for non – bio degradable waste management
Media
Date of Collection

Conclusion The mechanism suggests here envisaged to find a solution to the menace of plastic waste. The concept gives thrust on ‘waste as resources’ by implementing a sustainable mechanism for non – bio degradable waste management. While moving towards this mechanism, the most important thing that should remember is ‘In My Backyard’ Habit (IMBY) for bio degradable wastes. In order to achieve the concept ‘Disposal at the source itself’, Municipality shall take action to wind up the existing mechanism of collecting bio degradable wastes. Instead of collecting bio degradable waste, Municipality can provide support for setting household waste management equipments (bio bins, bio gas plants, pots etc.). Though, the issue of bio degradable waste can solve gradually.

B. Green School:
“Let every individual and institution now think and act as a responsible trustee of Earth ,seeking choices in ecology ,economics and ethics that will provide a sustainable future ,eliminate pollution ,poverty and violence ,awaken the wonder of life and foster peaceful progress in the human adventure” John McConnel,Founder of International Earth day Our children should learn sustainability by living it, every day at school, so that when they leave school these ideas will have become a part of the way and life. They will think more about life and approach it. They will take these ideas home and into the workplace when they graduate. Over time, the majority of young adults will have had this exposure, and sustainable living will become a part of the culture. The Green Schools concept has been taking root in many countries. The first phase of Clean and Green Thiruvalla is towards this is to bring together head of the institutions ,teachers from all the school to explore the feasibility, interest and direction for a Green School. This will ensure the participants to share their experiences with implementing environmental programmes. This program is very relevant in today’s scenario and it is essential to put such a programme in place because of the currents trends towards the degradation of natural resources. Objectives: Ecological Literacy: To develop, in each student, a comprehensive understanding of the basic patterns and processes by which nature sustains life and how these core ecological concepts relate in developing sustainable human community. In order to develop this among the students, the teaches should be concerned about it. Learning by Living with nature: this is all about how core ecological concepts can be applied to create sustainable human communities. Environmental Ethic: To develop an environmental ethic in all members of the Green school community.

Contributing to Society: To fulfill the School’s commitment to be a model school with a Social purpose through research, publications and outreach in the areas of outdoor and environmental education, environmental monitoring, and sustainability.
This will help the school to come up with a comprehensive strategic action plan for the second phase which will be conducted with students. This will be based on site visits to participating schools to determine what types of activities are feasible with each schools,. Other needs, such as overall coordination, support, capacity building of the entire school staff. Thus the overall program will be initiated. Methodology
In our first phase we are planning to conduct a meeting with the heads of the school and this will be facilitated by the municipality. After this meeting there will be school level meetings which should be facilitated by the head of the institution. The school level meeting, will give and insight on the current status of the school in all the aspects. The teachers can do an evaluation of the environmental consciousness among them and the students. Then we move to the students who are the key players. We must educate the new generation with the variety
Principals Meeting – Municipality (to introduce about Green School)
School Level Meeting for teachers
Formation or Revival of Green Club
Seminar for Students
Submission of Green School Master Plan
Orientation Program for Students
Monitoring, Evaluation and Awarding

of skills in respecting and accepting the nature and its essence. Awareness classes are the matter of primary importance. The new generation children have the capacity to guide and teach the old generation .Once we cultivate good habits, thoughts and practices in there mind it will last forever. In Phase 2, the strategic and action plans will be implemented with the combined participation of students and teachers. The teachers are the facilitators, who have to guide the children and all the other staff. After the initial meeting with the teachers, they will be able to locate there resources, issues and proper plans for a sustainable implemenation. Once the Green School concept is achieved we can promote a networking of Green School so that it can be transformed into a mass movement. Green Hour Along with the awareness classes they will be asked to identify the resources in there campus. Our team can give them ideas on how they can use their resources in its full essence. Allowing them to be with nature.Promoting classes on outdoor, hence they can feel the beauty of the nature. Green hour is another thing that can be practiced in schools as a part of environmental awareness. One hour of a week can be contributed for healthy discussions on various topics form environmental management to personal hygiene topics. The one hour on each week can be devoted to different subjects starting with a 20 minute presentation on a particular topic forwarding for brainstorming ,discussion and conclusion. The last part of the green hour is how to implement the ideas that they have derived after the discussion.This one hour discussion makes a platform for budding new ideas and practices.The students can also form nature club or green club along with this.Activities that can be promoted in nature club are Formation of eco club, health club, green club, science club etc. Health survey to assess the awareness and habits of students Cultural exchange programs Green Hour to provide awareness, cultivate good habits and develop ideas Health voting to enhance personal hygiene Tips of the day in classroom notice boards, school notice boards etc. Green class competitions Awards like Mr. /Ms. Health/Hygiene, green class room, zero waste class etc.

Water quality assessment, creation of water corners, installation of water harvesting system, water conservatory methods Waste auditors scheme to quantify the wastes in class. Zero waste class room Development of Bio Park (Waste management practices like Composting, plastic recycling, water recharge, eco friendly products) Waste management projects as part of field studies and practical oriented programs Waste management projects as part of field studies and practical oriented programs Hands on training Environmental camps Site visits, tours Science exhibitions, environmental quiz etc. Using eco friendly products Following energy conservation practices Installation of environmental themes in the campus Conduct awareness programs, seminars, drama Planting trees ,medicinal plants Observe dry day, environmental days etc. School gardens, Herbal garden etc. Research projects Poster, essay, painting competitions Eco greeting cards Organic farming Class room exercises Development of model waste management mechanism in the school
School management, PTA and other staffs can contribute to this effort. It is our students are the citizens of tomorrow. Give thrust on making awareness to children and develop a green future. ………………………………

Clean and Green City

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