2. from Mario
I’m very happy to be visiting your school and meeting all of you. I’ve been
traveling around the country visiting with students like you and talking about
driving and tire safety. Why? Because it’s very important to me.
When you are speeding around a racetrack, you have to trust yourself,
your car and your fellow drivers. While you may not be driving at such high
speeds, or at least you better not be, it is equally important that you take
steps to make sure you are safe on the road. You may not be able to control
your fellow drivers, but you can learn how to trust our own skills as a driver
and learn about your vehicle. If you’re not doing everything you can to be
safe on the road, then the roads aren’t safe for anyone.
We’re in cars every day, and the first thing we all must do is wear our seat
belts. In racecars our seat belts look more like harnesses, but they serve the
same purpose, to keep us safe. It doesn’t matter if you’re driving around the
corner or driving to a friend’s house a few miles away—seat belts save lives.
It’s really that simple. And, in nearly every case, it’s the law.
Driving around a race track you learn a lot about your car. You also learn
about how important your tire pressure and tread are. I depended on my
Firestone tires to help me win races, but I was responsible for their upkeep.
Even if you’re a very safe driver, it’s important for your car to be in safe
condition, too. You can take a number of simple steps that don’t take a lot
of time but can make a big difference in terms of safety on the road. Again,
I stress this because it’s important for your overall safety—and for everyone
else on the road.
I hope you will find this book useful. I know you don’t think about things like
car maintenance every day—but you need to do things like check your tire
pressure and tire tread at least on a monthly basis. Plus, if you take care
of these things, they will last longer, and you won’t be spending money on
replacements and repairs!
If you want to do more research about driving safety online, you can check
out the following Web sites:
tiresafety.com - Sponsored by Bridgestone Firestone
driversedge.com - Driver’s Edge, a national teen driving program
rma.org - The Rubber Manufacturers Association
nhtsa.dot.gov - The National Highway Traffic Safety Administration
Thank you for inviting me to your school.
Safe driving!
1 < tiresafety.com • driversedge.com • rma.org • nhtsa.dot.gov
3. Section One
PRE TEST
WHAT DO YOU ALREADY KNOW ABOUT
CAREFUL DRIVING AND TIRE SAFETY?
1. From a safety standpoint, in particular, it’s very important to
properly inflate your tires...why?
A. the tires will look better
B. underinflated tires can be incapable of properly supporting the
vehicle load and can be damaged—increasing the risk of tire failure
C. you’ll get better gas mileage
D. you’ll get safer performance when driving fast
2. You should check your air pressure every...
A. month
B. 3 months
C. 6 months
D. year
3. Air pressure should be checked...
A. right after a long road trip
B. after the car has not been driven for a while and the tires are cold
C. daily after work or school
D. when the tires are hot
4. The vehicle manufacturer determines the correct inflation pressure
for your vehicle’s tires. The best place to find the recommended tire
pressure for most vehicles’ tires is...*^
A. the vehicle’s owner’s manual or tire information placard
B. the door jamb
C. directly from the tire manufacturer (including its Web site)
D. both A & B
5. As a general guideline, tires should be rotated...*
A. every 1,000 to 4,000 miles
B. every 5,000 to 8,000 miles
C. every 14,000 to 17,000 miles
D. never
6. You can check to see if your tires are bald (lacking tread) by using
what common item?*
A. a tire pressure gauge
B. a credit card
C. a penny
D. a pencil
tiresafety.com • driversedge.com • rma.org • nhtsa.dot.gov >2
4. PRE TEST (continued)
7. You can tell if a tire is properly inflated within a few pounds of its
recommended pressure...*
A. by looking at it
B. by kicking it
C. with a pressure gauge
D. with a penny
8. Underinflation may lead to tire failure.*
A. true
B. false
9. Which factors can affect the condition of your tires?*
A. outside air temperature
B. vehicle load
C. tire pressure
D. all of the above
10. According to National Highway Traffic Safety Administration
statistics, approximately how many accidents occur in the
rain each year?^ +
A. 1,000
B. 10,000
C. 100,000
D. 1,000,000
11. What is hydroplaning? =
A. when a film of water comes between your tires and the road
causing the vehicle to lose traction
B. when you accelerate aggressively and spin the tires
C. the term to describe when a traction control system is engaged
on a vehicle
D. the term to describe an aggressive driver
12. If you believe that you are hydroplaning you should...+
A. hit the brakes
B. ease off the gas
C. turn away from the skid
D. take your hands off the steering wheel and scream
13. This term, referring to a dangerous road condition, describes a very
thin and often almost invisible layer of ice that makes the road look
wet and shiny.^
A. slush
B. melting ice
C. black ice
D. snow
3 < tiresafety.com • driversedge.com • rma.org • nhtsa.dot.gov
5. 14. In 2003, 57 percent of 16- to 20-year-old passenger vehicle
occupants killed in crashes were...^
A. talking on a cell phone
B. not wearing a seat belt
C. driving under the influence of drugs or alcohol
D. driving without a valid license
15. Of the following, which is the most critical element in
proper driving? =
A. knowing when to signal
B. using your eyes and being aware
C. obeying the speed limit
D. the 3-second rule
16. If your vehicle leaves the roadway, you should...^
A. immediately jerk the wheel to pull back on the road
B. brake as quickly as you can -- then, when no one is around you, pull
back onto the roadway
C. gradually reduce speed -- then, when it’s safe to do so, ease the
vehicle back onto the roadway
D. take your hands off the steering wheel and scream
17. Overloading your vehicle has no impact on your tires if they
are at the correct pressure.*
^ Source: National Highway Traffic Safety Administration, www.SafeCar.gov
A. true
(http://www.rma.org/tire_safety/tire_maintenance_and_safety/quizzes/)
B. false
18. Your vehicle is traveling at 60 mph. In an accident situation, a one-
second delay in getting your foot on the brake pedal will cause your
* Source: Rubber Manufacturers Association, www.rma.org
vehicle to travel approximately how many additional feet before
coming to a stop? =
A. 25
= Source: Driver’s Edge, www.driversedge.com
B. 10
C. 400
D. 90
19. How often is someone killed by a drunk driver? =
+ Source: www.TireSafety.com
A. every 31 minutes
B. every hour
C. every 4.2 hours
D. every 8 hours
20. Tire tread is the portion of the tire that contacts the road surface.
A. true
B. false
tiresafety.com • driversedge.com • rma.org • nhtsa.dot.gov >4
6. Section Two
MARIO’S TIPS ON DRIVER SAFETY
It’s important to know how different weather conditions affect your tires and
your car, no matter the climate in which you’re driving.
WET WEATHER
April showers can bring pretty flowers as well as dented fenders.
According to National Highway Traffic Safety Administration statistics,
nearly one million vehicle accidents a year occur in wet weather. Many of
these rainy-day wrecks are caused by motorists failing to appreciate the
vast difference between driving in wet and dry conditions.
To drive safely on wet pavement, you have to recognize the demands that
you, your vehicle and your tires face. It’s very different than driving on dry
pavement, but many motorists fail to change techniques and attention.
That’s when many wet weather accidents occur.
Mario’s wet weather driving tips include:
• Slow down. You reduce the risk of hydroplaning should you run into
deeper water puddled on the road. Wet weather also affects your brakes,
so you need to drive slower in these conditions.
• Maintain a safe distance. Even with a good wet weather tire, be
prepared for longer stopping distances on wet pavement. Since other
cars may not have proper tires for wet weather driving, be extra alert at
stop signs and red lights.
5 < tiresafety.com • driversedge.com • rma.org • nhtsa.dot.gov
7. • Choose tires carefully. Too many drivers buy a tire based on initial price
or appearance. For optimum performance in the rain, select a tire with
tread design and rubber compounds that provide enhanced wet weather
driving capabilities.
• Properly maintain your tires. No tire can provide good wet traction
once the tread is worn below 2/32nd’s of an inch (0.16cm) tread
depth. Check your tires regularly and replace them at the proper time.
Also, maintain the proper air pressure in your tires; check your vehicle
manufacturer’s handbook or the door jamb for the proper air pressure for
your particular vehicle and tires.
• Go smoothly. When braking, accelerating or turning, avoid jerky,
abrupt movements.
• Avoid hydroplaning. If you feel your vehicle starting to hydroplane
(riding on the surface of the water), take your foot off the accelerator—
and don’t hit your brakes. If you have a manual transmission, it may be
necessary to depress the clutch petal and reduce gear; then re-engage
the clutch after you gain control.
• Plan your braking. If you are entering a curve, slow down and brake
gently before you start to turn.
• Turn on your lights. In most states, it’s required by law when it’s raining.
It will help other drivers see you.
• Check your wipers. Install new wiper blades at least once a year to
ensure good vision.
These tips can be shortened to “T & T.”
Source: www.TireSafety.com/driving
Think and Tires. Think about your driving and install good tires for wet
weather. Once you’ve installed the tires, keep them inflated properly and
replace them when tread-wear indicator bars show. Don’t be shy about
asking for information from your tire dealer.
Your safety—and mine—could depend on your tires and how you think.
tiresafety.com • driversedge.com • rma.org • nhtsa.dot.gov >6
8. MARIO’S TIPS ON DRIVER SAFETY (continued)
LEARNING TO D.R.I.V.E.
Driver Awareness
Always have an out! What this means is never put yourself in a situation
where you wouldn’t be able to do anything if you needed to take evasive
action. You always have to be prepared for the worst case scenario.
Expect the driver in front of you to slam on his or her brakes. Be ready for
that truck to turn into your lane. Watch out for that oncoming car making a
left turn in front of you. Be looking for that small child who chases his or her
ball into the street.
When one of these events happens, what can you do? Whether you are
driving down a city street or the open highway, you must always be aware
of your surroundings. Schools and office buildings have escape plans in
case of emergencies. You should have an escape plan mapped out as you
drive. By becoming familiar with a few simple techniques, you will greatly
increase your awareness behind the wheel, and you will realize just how
uneducated the average driver really is.
If you are following too closely behind the car in front of you and the driver
of that car hits the brakes . . . CONGRATULATIONS! You’ve just had a
collision. ALWAYS LEAVE YOURSELF AN OUT!
Most driver education courses teach the four-second or two-second rule,
which involves picking a stationary spot and pacing yourself so you are two
or four seconds behind the car in front of you. Be aware that this places
your focus solely on the vehicle in front of you, not on what’s happening on
the highway. It also does not account for inclement weather conditions or
other variables of which you need to be aware.
You can utilize all of the rules and advice you receive and also use your
common sense. Use your head and remember how to DRIVE. If the vehicle
in front of you suddenly stops, can you avoid a collision? Are you able to
see around or through the vehicle in front of you to have a clear view of the
road ahead? If the answer to either of these questions is “no,” then back
off and allow for a greater safety margin. If you have to count to determine
whether you’re keeping a safe distance, you shouldn’t be on the road
in the first place.
7 < tiresafety.com • driversedge.com • rma.org • nhtsa.dot.gov
9. Vision
Your eyes are the most important tools that you have as a driver. At 60 mph,
a vehicle travels nearly 90 feet per second. A lot can happen in 90 feet.
Imagine how many collisions could be avoided by simply looking just one
second further down the road. It’s all about being aware.
In order to see the big picture, you need to use your eyes properly. This is
one of the most important rules of driving. Instead of focusing your attention
four seconds in front of you, look as far ahead as possible. By doing so,
you are able to see situations that may be 12 to15 seconds, or even further,
down the highway. You will be able to plan your escape route in case any
evasive actions need to occur. You’ll know if there’s a clear lane on your left.
You’ll know if you have to slow down. You’ll give yourself plenty of time to
react. And remember to always check your mirrors. You should be just as
aware of what is behind you as you are of what is in front of you.
A majority of drivers simply look directly in front of them and react to what’s
happening around them. A good driver looks ahead and anticipates what’s
going to happen next, not just react to what has all ready happened. Just
like in many sports, if you have to REACT to something, a mistake has
already happened. As a good driver, you want to ANTICIPATE everything
that you do.
tiresafety.com • driversedge.com • rma.org • nhtsa.dot.gov >8
10. MARIO’S TIPS ON DRIVER SAFETY (continued)
Always look where you want to go. Your eyes will act as a guide to help
keep the vehicle on its correct path. If you ski or snowboard, do you
constantly look down at your skis or board? Or do you focus down the
mountain to where you want to go? The same principle applies in driving.
D.R.I.V.E.
Defensive driving requires efficient management of time and space.
Both can be achieved through effective use of advanced driving
It is better to
techniques. To master these techniques, you must first learn to D.R.I.V.E.
ANTICIPATE than it
is to REACT!
D - Develop
Develop proper driving habits, which include always wearing your seat
belt. Constantly check your mirrors and your surroundings. Using your
eyes properly is one of the most important rules in driving. It is important to
see and be seen. Try to avoid driving in the blind spot of other drivers.
R - Recognize
A driver needs to be conditioned to recognize the constantly changing
road and traffic conditions. Use your eyes! Proper use of vision is vital.
I - Identify
The next step is to identify those situations that may become hazardous:
the vehicle merging on the freeway, the car pulling out into traffic, a
playground full of children close to the road, the vehicle turning left in Your eyes act
front of you, etc. as a guide.
Look where you
V - Visualize want to go!
As these situations develop, visualize the steps necessary to avoid a
collision situation. How quickly can you stop? Is it safe to switch lanes?
And so on.
E - Execute
Finally, execute whatever driving maneuvers are required to avoid a
collision situation: change lanes, slow down, accelerate, etc. If a collision
avoidance situation occurs, this is where it’s important to be aware of the
true abilities, and the limitations, of both you and your vehicle.
9 < tiresafety.com • driversedge.com • rma.org • nhtsa.dot.gov
11. Skid Control
How do you control a skid? CPR—Correct, Pause and Recovery—is the
easiest way to remember the necessary steps. Those are the three steps
involved in correcting an oversteer situation or skid. The first step is to
correct. That’s the easy part. Correct simply means to turn the steering
wheel in the direction of the skid. Step two is the most difficult. As the
vehicle slides, the vehicle’s suspension becomes loaded or bound up.
The pause is the split second when the rear wheels regain traction before
the suspension unloads. It is during the pause that you achieve the final
phase and recover, which simply means to straighten out the wheel. If you
do not catch the pause, you have a fishtail effect in which the car will begin
to slide from side to side. It is this last step that is the most difficult. The
vehicle is already sliding in one direction. As the skid dissipates, the rear
end will regain traction.
“For every action,
there is an equal and It is at that moment that the steering wheel needs to be brought back
opposite reaction.” straight because the compressed energy in the suspension will unload
Sir Isaac Newton and spring back to the other side, which can cause a fishtail effect. This
secondary spin can occur twice as quickly and be twice as violent as the
initial slide. This is due to the unloading of the compressed energy and the
fact that you are now steering with the skid instead of into the skid. Your
eyes act as a guide.
During a skid, if you feel that you have any chance of regaining control of
the vehicle, your feet should do nothing. No gas, no brakes, nothing. “When
in doubt both, feet out.” Just correct everything with the steering wheel and
once the situation is recovered, THEN use the appropriate pedal. However,
if you find yourself in a spin and out of control, remember “in a spin, both
feet in.”
When in doubt, That means that when you realize you can’t regain control of the vehicle, get
both feet out. as hard as you can on the brake and put the clutch in if you have a manual
transmission.
In a spin,
both feet in. You put the brake on to stop the car as quickly as possible. If you have a
clutch, it needs to be pressed so that you keep the engine running. When
the car comes to rest, you may be in a dangerous position, so it would be in
your best interest not to stall the vehicle.
tiresafety.com • driversedge.com • rma.org • nhtsa.dot.gov > 10
12. MARIO’S TIPS ON DRIVER SAFETY (continued)
DRINKING AND DRIVING
The law says that you have to be 21 years of age to drink alcohol.
Unfortunately, reality is a bit different. According to statistics listed on the
Mothers Against Drunk Driving (MADD) Web site, more than 94 percent
of twelfth graders, 84 percent of tenth graders and 65 percent of eighth
graders report that alcohol is “very easy” or “fairly easy” to get. The best
way to avoid an alcohol-related accident is not to drink.
We all must be aware of the consequences. If you are a teenager and you
choose to drink alcohol, you are breaking the law. If you combine drinking
with driving, it can become deadly.
• There were 17,013 alcohol-related fatalities in 2003; 40 percent of the Teens have little
total traffic fatalities. driving experience.
• Someone is killed in an alcohol-related accident every 31 minutes. Teens have little
drinking experience.
• In 2003, 25 percent of 15-to 20-year-old drivers killed in motor vehicle
crashes had a blood alcohol content of 0.08 g/dl or higher. It’s a deadly
combination.
• In 2003, 74 percent of young drivers (15 to 20 years old) killed in fatal
crashes who had been drinking were not wearing seat belts.
This message is not just for teens. Use your head. Do not drink and drive.
The consequences are just not worth it. Remember, if you are driving,
you are not only responsible for yourself, but also for the lives of
your friends and others on the road. So if you are going to drink, get a
designated driver, take a cab or make other arrangements. No matter how
Source: www.driversedge.com
in control you think you are, even the smallest amount of alcohol can affect
your reflexes.
11 < tiresafety.com • driversedge.com • rma.org • nhtsa.dot.gov
13. Section Three
TIRE SAFETY
Tire maintenance is another important step in your overall safety.
Proper maintenance also helps ensure that your tires will last longer —
saving you money! Here are some simple tips from www.TireSafety.com
to help you properly inflate, rotate and evaluate your tires.
JUST A LOOK WON’T DO IT.
One of these tires is actually
ten pounds underinflated. Your
eyes can deceive you, so rely
on a good tire gauge for an
accurate reading.
30 PSI 20 PSI
LOWER PRESSURE INCREASES HEAT.
Infared photography of tires tested at high speed. Damaging heat
increases as inflation pressure drops.
DANGER!
Excessive heat
results in tire
damage.
30 PSI 20 PSI
Based on tires size P235/75R15
LOOK FOR THE MANUFACTURER’S RECOMMENDED AIR PRESSURE.
It is listed on the sticker of your vehicle’s door jamb or owner’s manual.
EXAMPLE:
tiresafety.com • driversedge.com • rma.org • nhtsa.dot.gov > 12
14. TIRE SAFETY (continued)
THIS CHART SHOWS YOU HOW UNDERINFLATION
CAN CREATE AN OVERLOAD ON TIRES.
Always check your air pressure to make sure it’s up to standards, especially
if you’re carrying extra weight.
30 PSI 20 PSI
Gross vehicle weight = 6840 lbs. Gross vehicle weight = 6840 lbs.
Tire carrying Tire carrying
capacity at 30 psi = 6840 lbs. capacity at 20 psi = 5610 lbs.
DANGER!
Overloading
results in tire
damage.
Based on tires size P235/75R15
These tires are
1230 lbs.
OVERLOADED!
This is equivalent
to more than eight
150 lbs. people
CHECK YOUR TIRE PRESSURE MONTHLY.
ROTATE TIRES EVERY 5,000 MILES.
www.nhtsa.dot.gov
Source: www.tiresafety.com
ROUTINELY LOOK FOR SIGNS
OF TREAD WEAR OR DAMAGE.
13< tiresafety.com • driversedge.com • rma.org • nhtsa.dot.gov
15. TIRE SAFETY (continued)
AIR PRESSURE — MONTHLY CHECK
For accuracy, check your air pressure with a tire gauge when tires are cold.
Driving heats up tires and makes the reading incorrect.
A. Remove tire valve cap. B. Place the end of the tire
gauge over valve.
C. Press the tire gauge D. If needed, add air and
straight and firmly until recheck pressure with
the scale extends. the tire gauge.
Source: NHTSA.dot.gov
E. Replace valve caps.
tiresafety.com • driversedge.com • rma.org • nhtsa.dot.gov > 14
16. TIRE SAFETY (continued)
TIRE WEAR — VISUAL CHECK
Check for obvious signs of wear.
A. Exposed tread bars (replace) B. Irregular shoulder wear
(have inspected)
Place a penny in
the tire as shown.
If you can see the top
of Lincoln’s head, the
treads are worn and
need replacing.
C. Shoulder wear (have inspected) D. Center wear (have inspected)
TIRE ROTATION
For maximum mileage, rotate your tire every 5,000 miles (8,000km).
Follow the correct rotation patterns:
Rear and Four Wheel Drive Vehicles Front Wheel Drive Vehicles
FRONT BACK
15 < tiresafety.com • driversedge.com • rma.org • nhtsa.dot.gov
18. Section Four
POST TEST
1. From a safety standpoint, in particular, it’s very important to
properly inflate your tires...why?
A. the tires will look better
B. underinflated tires can be incapable of properly supporting the
vehicle load and can be damaged—increasing the risk of tire failure
C. you’ll get better gas mileage
D. you’ll get safer performance when driving fast
2. You should check your air pressure every...
A. month
B. 3 months
C. 6 months
D. year
3. Air pressure should be checked...
A. right after a long road trip
B. after the car has not been driven for a while and the tires are cold
C. daily after work or school
D. when the tires are hot
4. The vehicle manufacturer determines the correct inflation pressure
for your vehicle’s tires. The best place to find the recommended tire
pressure for most vehicles’ tires is...*^
A. the vehicle’s owner’s manual or tire information placard
B. the door jamb
C. directly from the tire manufacturer (including their Web site)
D. both A & B
5. As a general guideline, tires should be rotated...*
A. every 1,000 to 4,000 miles
B. every 5,000 to 8,000 miles
C. every 14,000 to 17,000 miles
D. never
6. You can check to see if your tires are bald (lacking tread) by using
KEY: 1-B, 2-A, 3-B, 4-D, 5-B, 6-C,
what common item?*
A. a tire pressure gauge
B. a credit card
C. a penny
D. a pencil
17 < tiresafety.com • driversedge.com • rma.org • nhtsa.dot.gov
19. POST TEST (continued)
7. You can tell if a tire is properly inflated within a few pounds of its
recommended pressure...*
A. by looking at it
B. by kicking it
C. with a pressure gauge
D. with a penny
8. Underinflation may lead to tire failure.*
A. true
B. false
9. Which factors can affect the condition of your tires?*
A. outside air temperature
B. vehicle load
C. tire pressure
D. all of the above
10. According to National Highway Traffic Safety Administration
statistics, approximately how many accidents occur in the
rain each year?^ +
A. 1,000
B. 10,000
C. 100,000
D. 1,000,000
11. What is hydroplaning? =
A. when a film of water comes between your tires and the road
causing the vehicle to lose traction
B. when you accelerate aggressively and spin the tires
C. the term to describe when a traction control system is engaged
on a vehicle
D. the term to describe an aggressive driver
12. If you believe that you are hydroplaning you should...+
A. hit the brakes
KEY: 7-C, 8-A, 9-D, 10-D, 11-A, 12-B, 13-C
B. ease off the gas
C. turn away from the skid
D. take your hands off the steering wheel and scream
13. This term, referring to a dangerous road condition, describes a very
thin and often almost invisible layer of ice that makes the road look
wet and shiny.^
A. slush
B. melting ice
C. black ice
D. snow
tiresafety.com • driversedge.com • rma.org • nhtsa.dot.gov > 18
20. POST TEST (continued)
14. In 2003, 57 percent of 16- to 20-year-old passenger vehicle
occupants killed in crashes were...^
A. talking on a cell phone
B. not wearing a seat belt
C. driving under the influence of drugs or alcohol
D. driving without a valid license
15. Of the following, which is the most critical element in
proper driving? =
A. knowing when to signal
B. using your eyes and being aware
C. obeying the speed limit
D. the 3-second rule
16. If your vehicle leaves the roadway, you should...^
A. immediately jerk the wheel to pull back on the road
B. brake as quickly as you can -- then, when no one is around you, pull
back onto the roadway
C. gradually reduce speed -- then, when it’s safe to do so, ease the
vehicle back onto the roadway
D. take your hands off the steering wheel and scream
17. Overloading your vehicle has no impact on your tires if they
are at the correct pressure.*
^ Source: National Highway Traffic Safety Administration, www.SafeCar.gov
A. true
(http://www.rma.org/tire_safety/tire_maintenance_and_safety/quizzes/)
B. false
18. Your vehicle is traveling at 60 mph. In an accident situation, a one-
second delay in getting your foot on the brake pedal will cause your
* Source: Rubber Manufacturers Association, www.rma.org
vehicle to travel approximately how many additional feet before
coming to a stop? =
A. 25
= Source: Driver’s Edge, www.driversedge.com
B. 10
C. 400
KEY: 14-B, 15-B, 16-C, 17-B, 18-D, 17-A, 20-A
D. 90
19. How often is someone killed by a drunk driver? =
+ Source: www.TireSafety.com
A. every 31 minutes
B. every hour
C. every 4.2 hours
D. every 8 hours
20. Tire tread is the portion of the tire that contacts the road surface.
A. true
B. false
19 < tiresafety.com • driversedge.com • rma.org • nhtsa.dot.gov