This document provides an overview of an environmental impact assessment (EIA) prepared by students for a project. It defines what an EIA is, explains why they are needed, and outlines the EIA process and methodology. The EIA process involves screening, scoping, predicting and mitigating impacts, management and monitoring, and auditing. Common methodologies include checklists, matrices, and networks. The document also lists strategic objectives for EIAs and provides examples of environmental data collected for EIAs, such as land use and population information. It concludes with some notes on EIA legislation and practices in India.
2. What is EIA?
Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) is a process which ensures that all environmental
matters are taken into account quite early in the project at planning process itself.
It takes into consideration not only technical and economic considerations but also,
traditional aspects like impact on local people, biodiversity etc.
An environmental impact assessment (EIA) is an assessment of the
possible positive or negative impact that a proposed project may have
on the environment, considering natural, Social and Economic aspects.
3.
4.
5. Why We Need EIA?
o EIA is intended to prevent or minimize potentially adverse environmental impacts
and enhance the overall quality of a project. The main benefits and advantages of
EIA are:
Lower project costs in the long-term
Increased project acceptance
Improved project design
Environment Impact Assesment
6. • A. Sustainable intensification of crop production.
• B. Increased sustainable livestock production.
• C. Sustainable management and use of fisheries and aquaculture resources.
• D. Improved quality and safety of food at all stages of the food chain.
• E. Sustainable management of forests and trees.
• F. Sustainable management of land, water and genetic resources and improved responses to global
environmental challenges affecting food and agriculture.
• G. Enabling environment for markets to improve livelihoods and rural development.
• H. Improved food security and better nutrition.
• I. Improved preparedness for, and effective response to, food and agricultural threats and
emergencies.
• j. Gender equity in access to resources, goods, services and decision-making in the rural areas.
• k. Increased and more effective public and private investment in agriculture and rural development.
Strategic Objectives For EIA
12. Environmental Clearance Process
start
Review by
environmental
appraisal committee
Accepted RejectedChange suggested
Site selection
Apply for NOC
Arranges public hearing
Project proponent apply for the
environment clearance, submitting
required
13. The main steps in EIAs process
o Screening
o Scoping
o Prediction and Mitigation
o Management and Monitoring
o Audit
14. EIA Methodologies
o Ad hoc Methods
o Check List
o Overlay Method
o Matrix Method
o Network Method
15. Ad hoc Methods
o A good example of an ad hoc method is a team of experts assembled for a short time
to conduct an EIA.
o Each expert's conclusions are based on a unique combination of experience, training
and intuition.
ADVANTAGE
Specialists on a particular
area will provide guidance.
DISADVANTAGE
It require expert.
Short/long term impact are merely examined
on guess basis.
Identification , prediction and interpretation of
impacts are quite poor
16.
17. Check List
o Simple Checklist: a list of environmental parameters with no guidelines on how they
are to be measured and interpreted.
o Descriptive Checklist: includes an identification of environmental parameters and
guidelines on how to measure data on particular parameters.
o Scaling Checklist: similar to a descriptive checklist, but with additional information
on subjective scaling of the parameters.
o Scaling Weighting Checklist: similar to a scaling checklist, with additional
information for the subjective evaluation of each parameter with respect to all the
other parameters.
18. Check List
ADVANTAGES
Simple to understand and
use.
Good for site selection
and priority setting.
DISADVANTAGES
Do not distinguish
between direct and
indirect impacts.
Do not link action and
impact.
Sometime it is a
cumbersome task.
22. Ports and Harbours
Airports
Rapid Transit
Highways
Oil/Gas Pipelines
Development
Projects
Valued Env.
Component
(VEC)
Insignificant ImpactSignificant Impact Moderate - Significant Impact
Sectoral Matrix Example
23. ADVANTAGES
Link action to impact
Good method for
displaying EIA results
DISADVANTAGES
Difficult to distinguish
direct and indirect
impacts
Significant potential for
double-counting of
impacts
Qualitative
Matrices Method
24. Environmental Management Plan
The environmental management plan (EMP) includes the mitigation, monitoring, and institutional measures to be taken
during project implementation in order to prevent, minimize, or eliminate adverse environmental and social impacts. The EMP
is part of, and costed in project design, and will include the following:
• Mitigation: Feasible and cost-effective measures to address significant adverse environmental impacts. Specifically, the
EMP identifies and summarizes all anticipated significant adverse environmental impacts and describes each mitigation
measure and the conditions under which it is required.
• Monitoring: Monitoring of the environmental impacts during project implementation and of the effectiveness of
mitigation measures.
• Capacity Development: The assessment of CD requirements should be a country-led process with participation of
stakeholders involved in, or affected by the potential environmental impact. The sustainability of the mitigation and
adaptation measures should be fully considered in the assessment. The following dimensions should be assessed:
• enabling environment including for the formulation and implementation of policies, processes, laws, regulations,
incentives and partnerships;
• capacities of organizations such as government agencies, NGOs, civil society, communities, and private sector;
• capacities of individuals in communities, of research organizations and policy-makers.
25. • Implementation Schedule and Cost Estimates: i.e. for mitigation, monitoring, and capacity development
measures that must be carried out as part of the project, including capital and recurrent cost estimates and
sources of funds for implementation.
• Integration of EMP with Project: For the EMP to be executed effectively, it must be integrated into the
project’s overall planning, design, budget, and implementation.
26. 1. Land Use :
Existing land use in the catchment u to the source of the river or 100 km upstream of the structure, whichever is less.
(i) Agricultural land (ha)
(ii) Forests
(a) Reserved
(b) Unreserved
(iii) Barren land, fallow land, etc.
(iv) Waste land
(v) Total
2. . Submerged Area (ha.) :
(i) Cultivated land,(ii) Forests,(iii ) Shrubs, and (iv)fallow ; (v)) Wetlands, (vi) Area under ponds,(vi ) Other uses,
(vii) Total
3..Forests Types
(i) catchment
(ii) submerged areas
Extent and nature of forest in the area proposed to be cleared for construction of roads, colonies and other uses
of the project.
Environmental land use classification
27. 4. Labor :
(i) Estimated strength (peak)I
(a) Skilled and Semi-skilled
(b) Unskill(((
(ii) Availability of labour from the affected area
(a) Skilled and Semi-skilled
(b) Unskilled I
( ( ({ (c) Total
5.Population density (per sq.km) :
(i) Catchment area, (ii) Submerged area, (iii) Command area
6.Village affected and population displaced :
(i) Number of villages
(ii) Population
(a) Scheduled Castes,(b ) Scheduled Tribes,(c ) Others,( d) Occupation of the affected people
- Agriculturists
- Agricultural labour - Industrial Labour - Forest Labour - Artisans - Others
(e) Land ownership (as per holding size)
- Marginal farmers (0-1.0 ha) - Small farmers (1-2.5 ha)
- Medium farmers (2.5-5.0 ha) - Big farmers (over 5.0 ha)
28. EIA in India
Formal legislation for EIA. It has been enacted by making an amendment in the
Environment Protection Act 1986.
• Limited involvement of public and government agencies in the initial phases.
• No provision in place to cover landscape and visual impacts in the Indian EIA
regulations.
Earlier scoping was done by consultant or proponent with an inclination towards
meeting pollution control requirements, rather than addressing the full range of
potential environmental.
• Most reports in English and not in the local language. In some case, executive
summary is translated into local language.
