PowerPoint Presentation created for Delhi University's FYUP Foundation Course Indian History And Culture on the this topic- On a map, plot ten towns which have now became big cities and discuss reasons for the same for two of those. 

1. INDIAN HISTORY AND
CULTURE PROJECT
BSC MATHEMATICS HONS 1ST SEM.
SECTION-B
PARTH NAGPAL
11332576

2. ON A MAP, PLOT TEN TOWNS WHICH
HAVE NOW BECAME BIG CITIES AND
DISCUSS REASONS FOR THE SAME
FOR TWO OF THOSE.

3. THE TEN CITIES
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Asansol
Faridabad
Ghaziabad
Indore
Jaipur
Nashik
Patna
Pune
Rajkot
Surat

4. ASANSOL
• Asansol is the second largest city and urban agglomeration in West
Bengal after Kolkata and the 39th largest urban agglomeration in India.
• Asansol is located in the Burdwan District of India.
• According to a 2010 report released by the International Institute for
Environment and Development, a UK-based policy research nongovernmental body, Asansol is ranked 11th among Indian cities and
42nd in the world in its list of 100 fastest-growing cities.
• As per the recommendations of the Sixth Central Pay
Commission, Asansol has been listed as a Y-category city for
calculation of HRA (House Rent Allowance) for public servants. It
happens to be the only non-Z category city in West Bengal apart
from Kolkata which belongs to the X category.

5. FARIDABAD
• Faridabad is the largest city in Haryana.
• The district shares its boundaries with Delhi to its
north, Gurgaon district to the west and Uttar Pradesh to its east and
south.
• The river Yamuna forms the eastern district boundary with Uttar
Pradesh.
• The Delhi-Agra National Highway No.2 passes through the centre of
the district.
• The city has many railway stations on the Delhi-Mathura double track
broad-gauge line of the North Central Railway.
• Faridabad is also a major industrial hub of Haryana.50% of the income
tax collected in Haryana is from Faridabad and Gurgaon.
• Faridabad is famous for henna production from the agricultural
sector, while tractors, motorcycles, switch gears, refrigerators, shoes
and tyres constitute its primary industrial products.

6. GHAZIABAD
• Ghaziabad is a city in Uttar Pradesh,sometimes referred to as the
"Gateway of UP" because it neighbours New Delhi and is the main route to
Uttar Pradesh.
• It is a part of the National Capital Region of Delhi.
• It is a large and planned industrial city, well connected by roads and
railways, and is the administrative headquarters of Ghaziabad District as
well as being the primary commercial, industrial and educational centre of
western Uttar Pradesh.
• Recent construction works have led to the city being described by a City
Mayors Foundation survey as the second-fastest growing in the world.

7. JAIPUR
• Jaipur is the capital and largest city of Rajasthan.
• It was founded on 18 November 1727 by Maharaja Sawai Jai Singh II, the ruler of
Amber, after whom the city has been named.
• The city is unusual among pre-modern Indian cities in the regularity of its
streets, and the division of the city into six sector.
• The urban quarters are further divided by networks of gridded streets.
• The Palace quarter encloses the Hawa Mahal palace complex, formal
gardens, and a small lake.
• Nahargarh Fort, which was the residence of the King Sawai Jai Singh II, crowns
the hill in the northwest corner of the old city.
• The observatory, Jantar Mantar, is one of the World Heritage Sites.
• Included on the Golden Triangle tourist circuit, along with Delhi and Agra, Jaipur is
an extremely popular tourist destination in Rajasthan and India.

8. NASHIK
• Nashik is located in the north-west of Maharashtra, 171 km (106 mi) from Mumbai
and 210 km (130 mi) from Pune.
• It is the biggest city of North Maharashtra and 11th most populated district in India
with a population of 6,109,052.
• Nasik is the highest producer of grapes in India along with onions.
• The Nassak Diamond, derives its name from the fact that it long remained in the
Trimbakeshwar Shiva Temple, near Nashik.
• Subsequently ranked as fourth fastest growing city of India and sixteenth of the
world, Nashik won Best Tourist Friendly City of India,
• It is the third largest city of Maharshtra after Mumbai and Pune.
• Nasik is shortlisted in Delhi Mumbai Industrial Corridor(DMIC) as an investment
region for the circle Igatpuri-Nasik-Sinnar and is capable of changing face of the
city.

9. PATNA
• Patna is the capital of Bihar, its most populous city and the second most populous city
in Eastern India.
• It acts as a centre for almost whole of Bihar, and also serves the market for Northern
and Western Jharkhand and villages of Eastern Uttar Pradesh.
• It is the administrative, industrial and educational centre of the state.
• Patna is one of the oldest continuously inhabited places in the world.
•
In June 2009, the World Bank ranked Patna second in India (after Delhi) for ease of
starting a business.
• As of 2004-2005, Patna had the highest per capita gross district domestic product in
Bihar, at INR 31,441.
• Using figures for assumed average annual growth, Patna is the 21st fastest growing
city in the world and 5th fastest growing city in India by the City Mayors' Foundation.
• Patna is also a sacred city for Sikhs as the last Sikh Guru, Guru Gobind Singh, was
born here.

10. RAJKOT
• Rajkot is the fourth largest city in Gujarat, after Ahmedabad, Surat, and
Vadodara.
• Rajkot is the 35th-largest urban agglomeration in India, with a population
more than 1.6 million as of 2012.
• Rajkot is also the 22nd-fastest-growing city in the world.
• The city contains the administrative headquarters of the Rajkot District, 245
km from the state capital Gandhinagar, and is located on the banks of the Aji
and Nyari Rivers.
• Rajkot was the capital of the Saurashtra State from 15 April 1948 to 31
October 1956, before its merger to Bombay State on 1 November 1956.
• Rajkot was reincorporated into Gujarat State from May 1, 1960.

11. SURAT
• Surat, previously known as Surya, is a city in Gujarat.
• It is also administrative capital of the Surat district.
•
The city is located 306 km south of Gandhinagar, and is situated on the left bank of
the Tapti River (Tapi), the center being around 22 km (14 mi) from the river's mouth.
• Surat is Gujarat's second largest city and India's eighth most populated city (in terms
of population living what is known as the Municipal Corporation area), with a
population of 4.5 million.
• The city registered an annualized GDP growth rate of 11.5 per cent over the seven
fiscal years between 2001 and 2008
•
The city is largely recognized for its textile and diamond businesses.
•
It is also known as the diamond capital of the world and the textile capital/Manchester
textile city of India, a distinction it took over from Ahmedabad.
• 92% of the world's diamonds are cut and polished in Surat

12. REASONS FOR THE GROWTH OF
INDORE AND PUNE

13. 1.INDORE

14. MADHYA PRADESH TOWN AND CITIES
Indore has the highest development rate in compare to the other cities with respect to
infrastructures and is the busiest & most advanced business hubs in India.
Rank
1
2
3
4
5
6
13
14
22
29
Urban
Agglomeration
Greater Mumbai
Kolkata
Delhi
Chennai
Bangalore
Hyderabad
Nagpur
Indore
jabalpur
bhopal
Persons
1,63,68,084
1,32,16,546
1,27,91,458
64,24,624
56,86,844
55,33,640
30,22,965
24,39,044
20,90,486
18,76,598

15. EARLY SETTLEMENTS AND GROWTH
PATTERN
• Actually Indore was a resting place for
a oldest pilgrimage route for Ujjain then
Martha's used it as a route towards
northern India
• The city settlement initiated due to
trade and commerce and thus it
remains the dominant features of the
city

16. PROCESS OF GROWTH & DEVLOPMENT OF
THE CITY :--
• As a religious route
• As a fertile agriculture land with
farmer settlement And traders
• As an industrial town
• As a Commercial city of Madhya
Pradesh
Stage wise urban transformation
No.
year
Area in kms
popullation
1
1741
N.A
N.A
2
1800
4.0
20000
3
1850
9.0
40000
4
1900
13.4
99.880
5
1950
17.2
3,10,859
6
2000
131.5
20,00000
7
2011
145
26,00000
8
2020
N.A
3200000

17. GRADUAL CHANGE FROM A VILLAGE
INDARESHWAR TO A COMMERCIAL CITY INDORE.
YEAR- 1850
Population:45,000.Area: 9.0 sq.km.
1. Development of the city as Military town,and
later took shape of agricultural area.
2. In 1818 the Holkars shifted the capital from
Maheshwar to Indore.Holkar’s capital at
Indore provided new forces for
development of the city.
3. Development of the market street (Aara
Bazar).

18. YEAR- 1900
Population:99,880.Area:13.4 sq.km.
1. Further development of industrial area: textile,steel, oil producingstarted acting likemagnet.
2. Development of railway link joining the pilgrimage routes, trade and
commerce grew upmaking the city commercially important.
3. Development of city accelerated with rail connection.
4. Development of State Highway helped in expansion of the city.
5. Development of city in all directions: expansion more in east-west
direction.
6. Industries and their colonies started developing along the river bank.
7. In 1912 Shri H.V. Lancaster was invited by the local body to advice in
respect of expansion and improvement of the city.
8. In 1918 Sir Patrick Geddes was invited by Maharaja Tukoji Rao
Holkar for advice. He prepared sanitation and water supply schemes,
industrial development schemes, suburban development,housing
schemes and housing etc

19. Year- 1950
Population:3,10,859. Area:17.2 Sq.Km.
1. Development Of The Industrial Township At Northern Part: Sanwer, Pologround.
2. The City Started Expanding Towards The North And East-west Direction Due To The
Development Of Industries In Dewas, Pithampur And Sanwer.
3. The Suburbs Developed Fast.
4. With Growing Industrialization And Better Connectivity, Rapid Development Of The
City Took Place. This Resulted Into Large Scale Migration And Sudden Increase In
Population.
Year- 2000
Population: 20, 00000.Area: 131.0sq.Km.
1. The River Edges Became Close With Industrial Buildings And The River Was Lost
To The City.
2. The Area Between Development Axis And Industrial Area On North Side Got
Saturated.
3. Large Scale Slum-dwellers And Encroachments, Unthoughtful Changing In Landuses And Lack Of Management Of Resources has Resulted Into Fast Depletion Of
Land And Water Resources.

20. Year- 2010
Population: 2600000 (Envisaged).Area:
145 Sq.Km.
1. City Considered Under Jnnurm For
Urban Development.
2. Lot Of Encroachments Planned To Be
Removed, still City And Periphery
covered For Residential And
Commercial Use Like Beehives.
3. Large Scale Residential And
Commercial Development.
4. Roads Being Reconstructed Under
Brts

21. POPULATION DENSITY OF INDORE
• The average growth rate of Indore has
been 40% which is higher as compared
to the national growth rate @25.7 %
Female population is 912 per
1000 males, which indicates difficult
housing situation for working migrants.
• An Urban Agglomerations denotes a
continuous urban spread and normally
consists of a town and its adjoining
urban outgrowths or two or more
physically contiguous towns together
with well recognised outgrowths.

22. LAND USE DISTRIBUTION OF INDORE IN PRESENT
SCENARIO
Geographically Indore spreads in an area of 145 sq.kms.
(Source : town planning deptt.)
Land use
Perca
ntage
%
residential
4449
53%
commercial
550
6%
industrial
793
9%
Public
/semipublic
1071
13%
recreational
279
3%
transport
1273
15%
waterbodies
In the development plan-1991, 1500 hectares of land
was provided for industrial purpose but according to
master plan 2011, 2200 hectares of land is needed for
the same. Hence 700 hectares additional land has to
be additionally planned intelligently for industry. As far
as location is considered, industries have been
classified into four categories viz.
general, obnoxious, agro-based, household
Area
(hectures)
128
1%
Complexity in the planning can be observe in the
centre as these were the areas with early
settlement which were spontaneous and organic
As with the development a better understanding
was observe and roads started to be longer in
length connecting to the major roads.

23. INDORE’S ECONOMIC CONDITION
• Indore is the commercial capital of Central India with Large, Medium and Small scale
industries.
• These industries range from Automobiles to Pharmaceutical and from Petroleum Refineries to
Textile.
• Indore’s major source of income is from Education, Textile, Jewellery and Metal Works
Industries.
•
With an establishment of automobile industry production of optical fiber for telecommunication
also started which in past 5 yrs had generated a business of 3000 corers and thus giving direct
or indirect employment to 35000 people’s.
• Indore contributes to about 40% of the total productivity of the State and about 7% of the total
investments in equity markets in India.
• The surplus labour, which was unable to enter the formal market/sector was mainly absorbed in
the informal sector.
• Major industrial areas in and surrounding the city include the Pithampur Special Economic
Zone and the Sanwer Industrial belt having about 2000 factories of various sizes. Pithampur is
also known as ‘Detroit of India’

24. INFRASTRUCTURE AND DEVLOPMENT
APPROACH
 In today’s development scenario Indore is
the fastest developing cities of India
Chatrasaal choraha
 Infrastructure in Indore facilitates production
of goods, services and also the distribution of
finished products to the market.
Treasure market
 Indore is also good in basic social services
such as hospitals and educational institution.
Itis only city in india to have both the prime
institution IIT & IIM.
Indore medical college

25. WATER SUPPLY AND RESOURCES
Source
Approx.
Daily Supply
(Ml/day)
MIN
MAX
Narmada Water
Supply Project:
140
140
Yashwant Sagar
Tank on
Gambhir River:
18
Municipal
Tubewells
13
18
Bilawali Tank
0
4.5
Water available
(ML/day)
171
199.5
Theoretical
percapita water
availabilitybase
d
30 % losses
(2.22 million
people)
72
litre/da
y
84
litre/d
ay
27
MLD - Mega Litre per day (1 Mega Litre = 1000
Kilo Litre)
• The water supply in the city is
unsatisfactory on account of high
losses and inefficiencies in the
system.
•
The growth of urban
population, estimated at 4% to 5%
per annum, and the rapid
urbanisation has significant
influence on water demand and
exerting pressures on the
available water sources, leading to
over exploitation of groundwater
resources. Around 68 per cent of
city’s population receives water
between one or two hours every
alternative day, while the other
areas augment supplies by water
tankers.
UN Habitat in co-ordination with
Asian development bank is
checking the present water
supply situation in Indore. In
view of the proposed new water
augmentation scheme to supply
more water to Indore through a
new $240 million pipeline.

26. REFORMS AND DEVELOPMENT APPROACH
Due to rapid urbanization ,people from the different parts of the country is migrating toward Indore in
search of employment and thus they land up to the place with low rental (congested) places .SLUMS…
Slum less Indore has still to remain pipeline …??.... The project under JNNURM has suffered due to IMC
failure to utilize the funds before purpose of and escalation of the cost.
Under SRRA the city should have become free from slum by march 2010
 Target is not achieved, 5yr scheme of JNNURM is about to end
Today 35 % of cities total population
lives in slum and another 15 % in
unauthorized colonies without any
adequate infrastructure. Thus adding
upto 50 % to informal sector
To have a slum less Indore IDA had
been indulging in large scale brutal
demolition of slum without any prior
management to rehabilitate them thus
leaving the mass homeless.

27. CONNECTIVITY OF INDORE
 Indore city is well connected by an
expressway, several national and state
highways, whereas rail network bifurcates the
city exactly from the center.
 The city transportation system is
predominantly dependent on roadway
systems.
Indore to Bhopal express way

28. CONCLUSION
 Indore is a fast growing city as far as commerce, industry and population is concerned.
For life of any successful urban centre:
1. Heart line is water supply system.
2. Brain line is the knowledge of residents.
3. Life line is accessibility and approach to the city.
 Indore’s road network is very strong. It is the biggest cross-section centre of India related to
goods trading through road-ways.
 India’s first private radio channel (Radio-Mirchi) and first private land-line telephone service
(Airtel) came to Indore as people of Indore have highest paying capacity in India.
 Major problem in Indore is Water, which is unable to meet the demand.
 Floating population is high due to Indore being educational hub of Central India, the same is
maximum during summers when there’s load on resources as Indore doesn’t have any river
passing by which can serve it with water.

29. 2. PUNE

30. OVERVIEW
• Pune is the seventh largest city in India and second largest city in Maharashtra after
Mumbai.
• Pune Municipal Corporation (PMC) jurisdiction extends up to an area of 243.84 sq.
km. housing 2.54 million populace within 144 wards.
•
Referred as ‘Detroit of India’, the city has experienced a long standing urbantradition:
first as an historical centre of pre-colonial urbanism, then as an important military
centre during British rule, after independence as a rapidly growing contemporary
industrial centre, and today identified as a growing metropolis.
•
Pune, also known as an ‘Oxford of India’, houses six Universities with about 600
functional higher education centers catering to an estimated 5 lakh student
population.
• Additionally, Pune is popularly nicknamed as ‘Queen of Deccan’, ‘Pensioners
Paradise’, ‘Cultural Capital of Maharashtra’, ‘Cyber City’ etc. owing to its
location, pleasant climate, historical importance, vibrant culture and upcoming IT-BT
centers.

31. PUNE METROPOLITAN REGION (PMR)
• Urban development in PMC is greatly interlinked and supported by its surrounding areas.
•
Considering this, boundaries of PMR were defined in early 1967.
• Spread out over an area of approximately 1,340 sq. km. in Haveli Taluk of Pune District,
PMR consists of Pune Municipal Corporation (PMC), Pimpri Chinchwad Municipal
Corporation (PCMC), Pune Cantonment (PC), and Khadki Cantonment (KC) and close to
100 other census towns and villages.

32. URBANIZATION AND POPULATION GROWTH
TREND
•
Urbanization and urban population growth are pointers towards the
change in the occupational pattern of the community, from agriculture
and allied livelihoods to industrial and other non-agriculture occupations.
•
The population growth for PMR is shown in Figure 3.3.
•
PMC has a population of 2.54 million (2001) which accounts for 35
percent of the total urbanpopulation in Pune District and 60 percent of
total PMR population.
•
The PMC’s population has grown from 1.57 million in 1991 to 2.54 million
in 2001, and in the last decade experienced a compounded annual
growth rate (CAGR) of 4.94 percent.
•
PMC’s growth is not limited to few but influenced by various factors:
•
It is the most preferred destination for many citizens in Maharashtra for
job, education,healthcare treatment, real estate investment, better quality
of life etc. as Mumbai is already crowded complied with comparatively
high cost of life.
•
Rapid growth of the city however mainly attributed to industrialization of
PMC/PCMC after 1960 and expansion of information technology (IT)
industry in the last decade.

33. AREA AND POPULATION DENSITY
• PMC jurisdiction extends up to an area of 243.84 sq. km. which constitutes
approximately 20 percent of the total PMR area.
• Since 1951, PMC area has to almost doubled from 125.75 sq. km. to 243.84 sq.
km.
• An average population density as per Census 2001 for PMC is 10,410
persons/sq. km.
• Population density ranges from as low as 1,476 persons /sq. km. to as high as
182,049 persons/sq. km. The Urban Development Plans
• Formulation and Implementation (UDPFI) guideline indicate average density of
around 15,000 persons/sq. km. for the city, whereas in PMC, almost 60 percent of
the wards have higher densities than the prescribed norm.
• Population densities are higher in the old city wards, and wards along major
transport corridors.

34. WORKFORCE PARTICIPATION
• Workforce participation ratio for PMC at 34.08 percent (Census 2001) has shown an increase from
Census 1991 value of 31.88 percent (Table 3.2).
• Since work category wise break up is not available for Census 2001, Census 1991 figures are
evaluated here.
• Employment is mainly seen in the service sector, which also includes IT sector (30 percent of the
total working population) followed by manufacturing and processing industry (25 percent) and trade
and commerce activities (22 percent).

35. INDUSTRY
• The growth of PMC is being driven by
various industry segments.
• Table 3.3 gives details on major
existing and proposed industrial
establishments in and around PMR.
• Except Kharadi Knowledge
Park, which is located with in PMC
limits, all other industries are located
outside PMC in PMR or close to PMR
towards North-West, North and NorthEast. PCMC houses a majority of the
industrial developments.

36. PCMC MIDC.
• PCMC saw a spate of industrial development following the setting up of Explosives units at Khadki
during World War II.
• The next milestone was the entry of Kirloskar Oil Engines Ltd. into the city in the forties with which
PCMC emerged as a known hub for diesel engine manufacturers.
• In 1960, MIDC set up a huge industrial estate at Bhosari. It was in fact this development, which is
made PCMC the hometown for production.
• This development of PCMC an auto-hub has been particularly evident in the period 1960-1990.
•
The MIDC in PCMC is an active industrial hub, hosting close to 3,200 units in production.
• With many highly rated clients such as Bajaj, Tata Motors, DGP Hinoday, Philips India Ltd. and
Centura Enka to its credit, the PCMC MIDC has been instrumental in facilitating the development of
the Small and Medium Enterprises in the area that are today suppliers to the bigger established
players there.
•
Given the proximity of the PMC and the PCMC, some of the suppliers to the players in the PCMC
have set up industrial operations in the PMC areas such as Hadapser or Kondwa.
• In fact, one finds a lot of spilling over between the two corporation limits, whether in terms of industry
logistics, talent pool or commercial business support systems.

37. RANJANGAON INDUSTRIAL AREA
• A recent study by Maratha Chamber of Commerce Industries and Agriculture (MCCIA) reveals
that in the past 5 years, nearly 25 percent of the proposed investments by medium and large
scale manufacturing units in Pune are along the Nagar road belt (Shirur taluka) at
Supa, Sanaswadi or Ranjangaon.
• This is partly to do with the MIDC that has been developed at Ranjangaon.
• Ranjangaon MIDC is given status of ‘5-star industrial area’ and avails the benefits of ‘C’ PSI
zoning.
• Ranjangaon is getting to be popular as a White Goods hub, primarily because of the presence
of players like LG, Anchor Daewoo, National Panasonic and Whirlpool.
• Some South Korean vendors of LG such as Nainko have also established operations at
Ranjangaon.
• This has helped in giving an MNC touch to the Ranjangaon MIDC.

38. CHAKAN INDUSTRIAL AREA.
• MCCIA study also states that an additional 15 percent of proposals for setting up
manufacturing operations are in Chakan MIDC.
• At a distance of 30 km. from PMC and 20 km. from PCMC, Chakan MIDC is suitable
for its strategic location.
• Due to its proximity to PCMC MIDC, automobile and auto - related manufacturing
operations are been set up in Chakan MIDC.

39. IT INDUSTRIES
• PMC is emerging as a major IT centre, with sprawling software parks mushrooming all over the
city and PMR area.
• According to the Software Technology Parks of India (STPI), software exports from Pune has
increased by 48 percent, touching the US$2 billion-mark, even surpassing Mumbai’s exports.
• Today, PMR houses more than 100 IT industries, one forth of which are multinationals, who are
involved in research and development, engineering services and embedded technology-related
work.
• The biggest IT Park in PMR is MIDC promoted Rajiv Gandhi InfoTech Park (Phase I and II) at
Hinjewadi, which has witnessed a spectacular growth.
•
Currently spread over 305 Ha., it is likely to be expanded (additional 750 Ha.) in the next few
years. Followed by Hinjewadi, Kharadi and Talawde IT Parks are also rapidly developing.
•
In addition to IT Parks developed by MIDC, and since GoM as permitted several private
developers to establish IT Parks, a series of IT parks are coming up in residential areas such as
Kharadi, Magarpatta, and Kalyani Nagar etc.

40. OBSERVATIONS FROM POPULATION AND
EMPLOYMENT PROJECTION ANALYSIS
I.
PMC population will grow to 5.63 Mn. by 2031
II. PMC employment will grow to 2.36 Mn. by
2031 to have workforce participation rate of
around 42 percent
III. PMC average population density in 2007 will be
12,173 persons/sq. km., in 2011 will be 13,718
Persons/sq. km., in 2021 will be 18,064
persons/sq. km. and in 2031 will be 23,102
persons/sq. km.
IV. Population density will be more than twice of
population density in 2001.
V. PMR population will grow to 11.41 Mn. by 2031.
VI. PMC employment will grow to 4.85 Mn. by
2031 to have workforce participation rate of
around 43 percent.