5. 473 countries meet internationally to discuss environment pollution problems.
6. Lt. Mrs. Indira Gandhi represented India in this conferenceand voiced strongly before and after conferenceThe Environment Protection Act,(1986)
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8. After both these acts came THE ENVIRONMENT PROTECTION ACT,1986 came into existence and it was known as EPA .The Environment Protection Act,(1986
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12. Environmental Pollutant " Means any solid, liquid or gaseous substance present in such concentration as may be, or tend to be injurious to environment and human being.
13. Environmental pollution means imbalance in environment. The materials or substances when after mixing in air, water or land alters their properties in such manner, that the very use of all or any of the air water and land by man and any other living organism becomes lethal and dangerous for health. The Environment Protection Act,(1986)
17. The Ganga Case Cultural Heritage: Holy River The Environment Protection Act,(1986)
18. This case is about polluting river GANGA . A lawyer named Mr. . M . C. Mehta found that people are polluting water of river GANGA by bathing in it , by washing clothes in it ,by throwing dirty things in river .And as is it was duty of municipal corporation to see that water of the river do not get dirty ,Mr. . M . C . Mehta filed a case against municipal corporation for breach of duty The supreme court gave the decision in favor of Mr. . M .C . Mehta as water pollution is a crime and it is polluting water which is a basic need for living beings. The court ordered municipal corporation to give Rs.20,00,000 as fine for their breach of duty. This was the case were the court handled a case under water act and `gave a right decision The Environment Protection Act,(1986)
19. Prevention and Control of Water Pollution Power to take samples of effluents and procedure to be followed Prohibition on use of stream or well for disposal of polluting matter Restrictions on New Outlets and New Discharges Provision regarding Discharge of sewage or Trade Effluent 5. Refusal Or Withdrawal of Consent by state board The Environment Protection Act,(1986)
20. Penalties Penalty for contravention of provisions of section 24 :- imprisonment for not less than one year and six months Penalty for contravention of provisions of section 25 or 26 :- imprisonment for not less than one year and six months but with fine Penalty for contravention of provisions of section 45-A :- imprisonment for not less than one year and six months but extended up to three months with 10000 rupees fine.
28. This case is about a company named UNION CARBIDE COMPANY which leaked a poisonous gas methane isocynade (CH2CN) due to which 2014 people died .First the case was filed in USA against the company as it was an American company but due to pressure exerted by UN the case came to INDIA First the case was filed in district court and the court gave the decision that the union carbide company should gave a compensation of Rs.350,000 crore . The company was not satisfied and appealed in high court against the decision and the court gave the decision to pay Rs. 250,000 crore , again the company was not satisfied and appealed in supreme court against the decision of high court. Here for the first time a negotiation took place between the criminal and the courts. Union carbide company said that they will Compensate the victims if the court will crash all the criminal charges against the company. The courts agreed to this negotiation and they crashed all the criminal charges against the company and the company gave compensation of Rs.750 crores only. This was the case were courts tried to deal with a case of air pollution but did unjustice to the victims of the tragedy, and till now the courts orders are not followed.
29. The TajMahal Case Cultural heritage:the TajMahal, 4 World Heritage Sites and 254 monuments within the Taj Trapezium Zone Life and health of the people, particularly the residents of Agra M.C. Mehta v. Union of India 1996 (4) SCALE (SP) 29
30. Vehicular Pollution Case and Introduction of CNG in Delhi and other cities in India Vehicular Pollution Case and Introduction of CNG in Delhi and other cities in India
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32. any substance or preparation which, by reasons of its chemical or physic-chemical properties, is liable to cause harm to human beings or other living creatures.“Handling” In relation to any substance, it means the manufacturing, processing, treatment, packaging, storage, transportation, use, collection, destruction, conversion, offering for sale,etc
56. The EPA is a general legislation for environmental protection , more accurately , for the control of pollution and handling of hazardous substances .
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58. POWERS PROVIDED BY THE ACT TO CENTRAL GOVERNMENT Under Sec (3): may constitute authority or authorities for the purpose of exercising of performing such of the powers and functions; Under Sec (4): may appoint a person for inspection; Under Sec (5): may issue directions in writing to any officers or any authority to comply; Under Sec (6): it empower the government to make rules to achieve the object of the Act.
