Sustainable Development against Energy Poverty
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Presentation at the 11th International Scientific Conference on Energy and Climate Change 10-12 October 2018
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Sustainable Development against Energy Poverty
- 1. Sustainable Development against Energy Poverty Athens 10/10/2018 11th International Conference on Energy and Climate Change - 3rd Green Energy Investments Forum 1
- 2. What is energy poverty? Athens 10/10/2018 11th International Conference on Energy and Climate Change - 3rd Green Energy Investments Forum 2
- 3. Athens 10/10/2018 11th International Conference on Energy and Climate Change - 3rd Green Energy Investments Forum 3
- 4. Athens 10/10/2018 11th International Conference on Energy and Climate Change - 3rd Green Energy Investments Forum 4
- 5. Athens 10/10/2018 11th International Conference on Energy and Climate Change - 3rd Green Energy Investments Forum 5
- 6. Athens 10/10/2018 11th International Conference on Energy and Climate Change - 3rd Green Energy Investments Forum 6 Arrears on utility bills PRIMARY INDICATORS
- 7. Athens 10/10/2018 11th International Conference on Energy and Climate Change - 3rd Green Energy Investments Forum 7 PRIMARY INDICATORS Inability to keep home adequately warm
- 8. Athens 10/10/2018 11th International Conference on Energy and Climate Change - 3rd Green Energy Investments Forum 8 SECONDARY INDICATORS • Fuel oil , Biomass , Coal prices • Household electricity, gas and District heating prices • Dwellings comfortably cool during summer and winter time • Dwellings in densely or intermediately populated areas • Dwellings with energy label A • Number of rooms per person, owners, retners or total • Poverty risk • Consumption expenditure for electricity, gas and other fuels as a share of income • Share of dwellings equipped with heating and cooling systems • Excess winter/summer mortality/deaths • Presence of leak, damp, rot
- 9. Athens 10/10/2018 11th International Conference on Energy and Climate Change - 3rd Green Energy Investments Forum 9
- 10. Athens 10/10/2018 11th International Conference on Energy and Climate Change - 3rd Green Energy Investments Forum 10 www.athenssocialatlas.gr
- 11. Athens 10/10/2018 11th International Conference on Energy and Climate Change - 3rd Green Energy Investments Forum 11 www.athenssocialatlas.gr
- 12. Athens 10/10/2018 11th International Conference on Energy and Climate Change - 3rd Green Energy Investments Forum 12
- 13. Athens 10/10/2018 11th International Conference on Energy and Climate Change - 3rd Green Energy Investments Forum 13
- 14. Athens 10/10/2018 11th International Conference on Energy and Climate Change - 3rd Green Energy Investments Forum 14 The smart nZEB building: - efficiency first - minimum primary energy consumption - use of renewables - RES production on site - optimum cost effectiveness in terms of LCA
- 15. Athens 10/10/2018 11th International Conference on Energy and Climate Change - 3rd Green Energy Investments Forum 15
- 16. Athens 10/10/2018 11th International Conference on Energy and Climate Change - 3rd Green Energy Investments Forum 16
- 17. Athens 10/10/2018 11th International Conference on Energy and Climate Change - 3rd Green Energy Investments Forum 17 1. Total Demand Reduction Allocated by: Electricity Hot Water Heating Cooling Dehumidification 2. Seasonal Energy Demand 3. Regional Grid Renewable Supply Account for: Wind Solar PV Hydro ~ Biomass ~ District Heat 4. Building Site & Size 6. Renewable Storage kWh of: Short-term & Long-term energy 5. Regional Peak Load Incentivize Load shifting according to: Demand Type Daily Peak Use Seasonal Peak 7. Appliance Energy Source Incentivizes fuel switching to electric heat pumps Accounts for: Local renewable availability Building size vs roof area Supply vs Demand balance Viable short- vs long-term storage
- 18. Athens 10/10/2018 11th International Conference on Energy and Climate Change - 3rd Green Energy Investments Forum 18 •identify energy poor consumers •group these households •aggregate them in energy communities •develop alternative solutions •inform these consumers
- 19. Athens 10/10/2018 11th International Conference on Energy and Climate Change - 3rd Green Energy Investments Forum 19
- 20. Athens 10/10/2018 11th International Conference on Energy and Climate Change - 3rd Green Energy Investments Forum 20
- 21. Energy Performance Energy Efficient Technologies Rating techniques Advanced Materials Indoor Air Quality Thermal Comfort Ventilation & Daylighting Passive Cooling Solar Energy Systems IT technologies applied to buildings Staff, components and building certification Innovative training schemes Athens 10/10/2018 11th International Conference on Energy and Climate Change - 3rd Green Energy Investments Forum 21
- 22. Athens 10/10/2018 11th International Conference on Energy and Climate Change - 3rd Green Energy Investments Forum 22 Thank you www.eipak.org info@eipak.org
Editor's Notes
- Ladies and Gentlemen Access to modern energy is closely linked to human development and improvements in people’s wellbeing. Affordable, reliable and safe energy helps people meet their basic needs for a decent life.
- Yet according to the United Nations’ Sustainable Energy for All (SE4All) initiative, billions of people live without modern energy. Those living in energy poverty do have some energy services. Households may cook on open flames or simple wood- or charcoal-fuelled stoves. They might light their homes with candles and kerosene lanterns. Yet they are ‘energy poor’ because they are forced to rely on unhealthy and often expensive fuels. Toxic fumes from cooking smoke can cause illnesses and death. Energy-poor households also pay more, over time, for oil and kerosene lamps than electric lighting. In exchange, they get worse quality light
- More than a third of the global population (2.9 billion) does not have clean and safe energy for household cooking. Nearly one in six people (1.1 billion) do not have basic access to electricity. The coal industry sells itself as the solution to energy poverty in developing countries. However, evidence suggests that the role coal power can play in securing energy access for poor households is limited. Of the world’s 1.1 billion people lacking electricity, 87% live in rural areas and 88% are in sub-Saharan Africa and South Asia.
- But do we have energy poverty only in the sub-saharan Africa and Asia? Or is there a different kind of energy poverty also in the developed countries? Unfortunately the answer is yes! High energy expenditure, low household incomes, inefficient buildings and appliances, and specific household energy needs create the energy poverty of the modern world. It is estimated that more than 50 million households in the European Union are experiencing energy poverty. Awareness of energy poverty is growing rapidly across Europe, and the issue is being increasingly integrated within the activities of the European Union, as evidenced by the European Commission’s flagship legislative proposal “Clean Energy for All Europeans” announced on 30th November 2016. As such, it is now more important than ever to build a specialist network of stakeholders working on energy poverty in Europe.
- What causes energy poverty in the developed world? High energy expenditure, low household incomes, inefficient buildings and appliances, and specific household energy needs create the energy poverty. Some governments choose temporary solutions to reduce energy proverty: for example they regulate energy prices or they financially support energy poor homes. These solutions are strongly dependent on many economic factors, as they need continuous and even increased funding from public budgets. And of course they do not generate added value or economic growth. On the other side we will proof that permanent and sustainable solutions like the combination of deep energy retrofits and smart use of renewable energy through local social networks are the best , if not the only, way of decreasing energy poverty.
- In order to establish the right mix to decrease energy poverty in a local society we need to follow some primary and secondary indicators. For example a primary indicator are the arrears on utility bills.
- Or the inability to keep home warm. There are two new primary indicators used during the last couple of years , the High share of energy expenditure in income (2M) and the Hidden energy poverty (HEP) indicator, but still the data collected are very poor.
- And there are a lot of secondary , but also very important indicators such as average household prices for energy , or number of rooms per person or location of the dwellings or even mortality data.
- Here we see maps with data for these indicators.
- Here for example we see a very serious work of a scientific team about Athens. The geographical distribution of energy poverty in Athens has been an under-researched topic until today, due to the fact that only recently energy poverty became a significant social problem, to the lack of relevant quantitative data and the difficulties in accessing data at the neighborhood or apartment building level, among other reasons. The team gathered and elaborated primary data about the characteristics and the uses of the buildings, family incomes, energy consumption, as well as about the implemented policies against energy poverty, in order to create a series of thematic maps. The parallel analysis of these thematic maps gives us the chance to draw general and specific conclusions regarding socio-spatial aspects of energy deprivation in Athens during the crisis.
- According to the thematic maps presented here, there is no clear segregation among the neighborhoods of the Municipality of Athens, as devaluation and low energy efficiency of the building stock, poverty as well as reduction in energy consumption are widespread. So it is not so easy to make conclusions and find the right solutions to decrease energy poverty. Although we have good data now, we still don’t have effective solutions
- We do have the state policies, which have to do with taxation, jobs and economic growth , we do have some successful policies for low income households which increase slowly their income, but the overall results are less than expected and the continuous need of refinancing makes these kind of politics very expensive for the society. We need more combined solutions , we need the community services. And key factors must be energy efficiency and RES.
- The main target must be the transformation of Energy Poor Consumers and households, to Energy Prosumers, by their aggregation in Energy Communities and the development of bankable investment schemes facilitating the implementation and exploitation of low, moderate and high Energy Efficiency solutions, the use of renewable energy sources close to the community and the transformation of buildings to as smart as possible. In this procedure we must never forget that efficiency comes first. Not only because investing in efficiency is still cheaper than investing in RES, but also because efficiency is mainly a self financed procedure and needs only a initial funding.
- In this procedure we must never forget that efficiency comes first. Not only because investing in efficiency is still cheaper than investing in RES, but also because efficiency is mainly a self financed procedure and needs only a initial funding.
- In this procedure International standards in energy efficiency, like the passive house standard that we propose and use, can play a valuable role in promoting good energy practices, harmonization of public policies, improving consumers’ and users’ understanding and confidence, avoiding technical barriers to trade related to energy policies, and enabling the creation of world markets for energy technologies.
- These policies are also in line with the revised EPBD which proposes long term strategies , mobilizing funding and using ict and smart technologies and especially the link between public funding and EPCs
- Let’s take a look at an efficiency and all-renewable energy framework in a region. If the total demand is decreased , then the seasonal energy demand, allocated by electricity, hot water, heating, cooling and dehumidification will be decreased, the regional grid will be able to supply more and cheaper electricity from RES. Depending on the size and site of the local buildings , the needed regional peak load will be reduced and the needs for local renewable storage will be less. Finally the appliance energy source will be one , electricity, making households totally independend from fossil fuels.
- So how can this all work in regional level? We believe we must assist local governments to identify energy poor consumers within their boundaries; group these households according to their technical characteristics, aggregate them in energy communities; develop alternative solutions based on the local techno-socio-economic conditions; inform these consumers in achieving the minimum low cost-efficient energy savings and proceed into investments that will secure for them affordable energy (through less consumed energy and locally installed renewable energy resources) This will Trigger behavioral change of the local population by transforming energy poor consumers to sustainable energy prosumers.
- The most important thing in this framework will be the aggregation of the consumers into energy communities. We have to facilitate energy poor households of local communities to access new sources of funding for energy-saving activity. Energy poor consumers have low income, which prevents them from making energy efficiency investments. Additionally, banks are reluctant to deal one of these cases separately. By aggregating them into an energy community, they are a manageable customer group for the bank whose credibility is secured with the presence of the municipality.
- We believe that only behavioral change and implementation of tailor-made energy efficiency measures leading to NZEB and Smart ZEB solutions which includes the setup of new financial schemes to support energy poor consumers in developing innovative investment schemes is the solution to fight against modern energy poverty in the developed world.
- We as Hellenic Passive House Institute have the staff, the experience and the knowledge to technically and scientifically support , in cooperation with KEPA and local governments, the creation of these schemes and energy communities in local and regional level. A knowledge transfer based on a multilateral train-the-trainer approach can help to accelerate the dissemination of good practices throughout the any region and thereby to help improve the quality of new buildings and renovations. In seminars and accompanying materials offered and adopted to the needs of each local or regional community with assistance from international experts and integrating local partners, we can contribute to disseminate the needed skills such as building design and physics, building envelope, heating/ventilation/air conditioning, power generation, automation and controls, integrated planning and cost-effectiveness.
- And of course all this has to do with our commitment to fight first against climate change and then against energy poverty. Our goal must be that in the near future no one should ever have to choose between eating or heating. Thank you.