Labelled fetal heart ultrasound
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This document outlines the protocol for performing a fetal heart ultrasound, including 10 key views: situs, M-Mode, 4 chamber heart view, interventricular septum, left ventricular outflow tract, right ventricular outflow tract, 3 vessel view, arrowhead, aortic arch, and ductal arch. It provides labeled diagrams and color Doppler images of each view as well as common abbreviations used in fetal heart ultrasounds.
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The fetal heart
Generally occurs secondary to pulmonary atresia with intact IVS .
Pathophysiology- it develops because of a reduction in the blood flow secondary to inflow impedence from tricuspid atresia or outflow impedence from pulmonary arterial atresia .
Typical findings- a small , hypertrophic RV and a small or absent pulmonary artery
Fetal Cardiac Examination
The document discusses examination of the fetal heart. It describes basic screening using the four chamber view as part of routine mid-trimester scans, noting it can identify around 40% of congenital heart defects. Extended basic screening adding views of the outflow tracts increases detection rates. Detailed fetal echocardiography provides comprehensive anatomical and morphological assessment of the heart and is recommended when risk of defects is above average.
Antenatal Diagnosis of Fetal Heart Disease
The document discusses several congenital heart defects including atrial septal defects, ventricular septal defects, atrioventricular septal defects, Ebstein's anomaly, hypoplastic left heart syndrome, tetralogy of Fallot, double outlet right ventricle, transposition of the great arteries, and coarctation of the aorta. It provides details on the incidence, types, sonographic criteria for diagnosis, and prognosis for each condition.
Ppt fetal echo
This document discusses fetal echocardiography, including indications, techniques, views, and assessment of fetal cardiac structures and function. It notes that fetal echocardiography is best performed between 18-22 weeks gestation. Key views discussed include the four chamber, five chamber, and three vessel views which allow assessment of atrial and ventricular anatomy and outflow tracts. Indications for the procedure include maternal conditions, extracardiac fetal anomalies, arrhythmias, abnormal Doppler findings, and a family history of congenital heart disease. The document also provides details on evaluating situs, laterality, cardiac position and abnormalities using echocardiography.
Fetal brain usg 1
Embryonic development of the CNS
in relation to sonographic findings
Standard Sonographic Examination of the CNS
IMAGING OF FETAL CVS AND ITS ANOMALIES
- An ultrasound scan of the fetal heart at 19 weeks' gestation revealed a ventricular septal defect on the four-chamber view, with right to left flow seen on Doppler.
- While VSD was initially suspected, further evaluation of the left ventricular outflow tract was needed as VSD can be associated with other conditions like transposition of the great arteries or tetralogy of Fallot.
- Examination of the left ventricular outflow tract showed the VSD leading into a great vessel that straddled the interventricular septum, confirming the diagnosis of tetralogy of Fallot. Additional views beyond the four-chamber view are needed to identify associated cardiovascular anomalies when a VSD is present.
Doppler in pregnancy
Doppler ultrasound can be used in obstetrics and gynecology in several ways. It allows assessment of blood flow in various fetal and maternal vessels. In pregnancy, Doppler is commonly used to evaluate blood flow in the umbilical artery, middle cerebral artery, uterine arteries, ductus venosus and other vessels. Abnormal flow patterns in these vessels can indicate fetal growth restriction, hypoxia, or the risk of conditions like preeclampsia. Doppler provides important information about fetal well-being and helps manage high-risk pregnancies.
Fetal Echocardiography
This document provides an overview of fetal echocardiography. It discusses the equipment used, techniques for determining fetal laterality and image orientation, and how to assess the visceroatrial arrangement and cardiac position/axis. It also describes segmental analysis of the heart and various echocardiographic projections including the four chamber, five chamber, and three vessel views. Fetal echocardiography allows for diagnosis of structural heart defects and observation of cardiac physiology before birth.
Recomendados
The fetal heart
Generally occurs secondary to pulmonary atresia with intact IVS .
Pathophysiology- it develops because of a reduction in the blood flow secondary to inflow impedence from tricuspid atresia or outflow impedence from pulmonary arterial atresia .
Typical findings- a small , hypertrophic RV and a small or absent pulmonary artery
Fetal Cardiac Examination
The document discusses examination of the fetal heart. It describes basic screening using the four chamber view as part of routine mid-trimester scans, noting it can identify around 40% of congenital heart defects. Extended basic screening adding views of the outflow tracts increases detection rates. Detailed fetal echocardiography provides comprehensive anatomical and morphological assessment of the heart and is recommended when risk of defects is above average.
Antenatal Diagnosis of Fetal Heart Disease
The document discusses several congenital heart defects including atrial septal defects, ventricular septal defects, atrioventricular septal defects, Ebstein's anomaly, hypoplastic left heart syndrome, tetralogy of Fallot, double outlet right ventricle, transposition of the great arteries, and coarctation of the aorta. It provides details on the incidence, types, sonographic criteria for diagnosis, and prognosis for each condition.
Ppt fetal echo
This document discusses fetal echocardiography, including indications, techniques, views, and assessment of fetal cardiac structures and function. It notes that fetal echocardiography is best performed between 18-22 weeks gestation. Key views discussed include the four chamber, five chamber, and three vessel views which allow assessment of atrial and ventricular anatomy and outflow tracts. Indications for the procedure include maternal conditions, extracardiac fetal anomalies, arrhythmias, abnormal Doppler findings, and a family history of congenital heart disease. The document also provides details on evaluating situs, laterality, cardiac position and abnormalities using echocardiography.
Fetal brain usg 1
Embryonic development of the CNS
in relation to sonographic findings
Standard Sonographic Examination of the CNS
IMAGING OF FETAL CVS AND ITS ANOMALIES
- An ultrasound scan of the fetal heart at 19 weeks' gestation revealed a ventricular septal defect on the four-chamber view, with right to left flow seen on Doppler.
- While VSD was initially suspected, further evaluation of the left ventricular outflow tract was needed as VSD can be associated with other conditions like transposition of the great arteries or tetralogy of Fallot.
- Examination of the left ventricular outflow tract showed the VSD leading into a great vessel that straddled the interventricular septum, confirming the diagnosis of tetralogy of Fallot. Additional views beyond the four-chamber view are needed to identify associated cardiovascular anomalies when a VSD is present.
Doppler in pregnancy
Doppler ultrasound can be used in obstetrics and gynecology in several ways. It allows assessment of blood flow in various fetal and maternal vessels. In pregnancy, Doppler is commonly used to evaluate blood flow in the umbilical artery, middle cerebral artery, uterine arteries, ductus venosus and other vessels. Abnormal flow patterns in these vessels can indicate fetal growth restriction, hypoxia, or the risk of conditions like preeclampsia. Doppler provides important information about fetal well-being and helps manage high-risk pregnancies.
Fetal Echocardiography
This document provides an overview of fetal echocardiography. It discusses the equipment used, techniques for determining fetal laterality and image orientation, and how to assess the visceroatrial arrangement and cardiac position/axis. It also describes segmental analysis of the heart and various echocardiographic projections including the four chamber, five chamber, and three vessel views. Fetal echocardiography allows for diagnosis of structural heart defects and observation of cardiac physiology before birth.
Isuog fetal cns usg guidelines
- Ultrasound is the main prenatal imaging modality used to diagnose fetal central nervous system (CNS) anomalies.
- The document provides guidelines for performing both a basic CNS exam and a more detailed fetal neurosonogram.
- The basic exam involves evaluating the fetal head and spine using 2-3 planes to assess brain structures like the ventricles and cerebellum.
- A fetal neurosonogram requires more expertise and provides a more detailed multi-planar evaluation of the brain and spine, useful for high-risk pregnancies.
- Both exams should include standard biometric measurements and qualitative assessments of normal anatomy.
Role of ultrasound in emergency obstetrics dr.shreedhar
Ultrasound is essential for evaluating pelvic pain and vaginal bleeding in women of childbearing age. It can identify many potential causes of these presentations including pregnancy location, ectopic pregnancies, retained products of conception, and complications of pregnancy. Transvaginal ultrasound in particular provides high resolution imaging of the pelvis and adnexal structures to accurately diagnose conditions. Doppler ultrasound further aids evaluation by identifying blood flow patterns.
Fetal Neurosonogram
This document discusses fetal neurosonography and the sonographic appearance of fetal brain structures throughout gestation. It begins with an overview of embryonic brain development and the division of the brain into sections. It then examines how the appearance of specific structures changes with gestational age, including the posterior fossa, lateral ventricles, and cerebellum. Serial images demonstrate the maturation and relationships between structures over time. The role of 3D imaging in examining the posterior fossa is also mentioned.
Fetal Echocardiography: Basics and Advanced
This presentation is for those radiologists and residents who have an interest to perform advanced fetal echocardiography. Simply started and gradually covers the advanced part of it. It includes normal findings only.
2 fetal echo part 1 Dr Ahmed Esawy
2 fetal echo part 1 dr ahmed esawy
Ultrasound Markers
soft ultrasound markers
Minor markers
Nuchal fold
Echogenic bowel
Ventriculomegaly
Echogenic cardiac focus
Choroid plexus cyst
Single umbilical artery
Enlarged cisterna magna
Renal pyelectasis
Trisomy 21: Down’s Syndrome
Trisomy 18 Edward Syndrome
Trisomy 13
Molar Tooth Sign
Fetal Echocardiography
1st Step: Check the heart is beating
2nd Step: M-mode heart rate - should be between 120 and 180 beats per minute
3rd step : Situs-
4th step four chamber view.
5th and 6th Step Outflow Tracts
5th step : LVOT
6TH step : RVOT
7th step : 3 Vessel View
8th step: Interventricular Septum
IVS (a false positive for septal defect).
It should be assessed in both B-mode and Colour Doppler.
9th step : Aortic Arch
The 'arches' are best assessed when the foetus is prone.
10th step : Ductal Arch
This is the ductus arteriosus:
Fetal bradycardia
• Fetal sinus bradycardia
• Fetal bradyarrythmias
Fetal Tachyarrhythmia
Fetal premature atrial contraction (PAC)
Fetal Complete Atrioventricular block
Supraventricular tachycardia
Communications between systemic and pulm. Circuits LT RT. shunt.
• Inter-atrial communications. Patent F. oval , ost. 1 defect, sinus venosus, ost.2 defect, endocarial cushin defect.
• Inter-ventricular communications.
-simple VSD.
-VSD with AI
-Single ventricle
-Gerbode defect
-Endocar. Cushion
• Aorto-pulmonary communications:
a. Persistent ductus arteriosus (P.D.A.)
b. Aorto-pulmonary window.
c. Truncus arteriosus.
d. Ruptured sinus of valsalva.
e. Coronary arterio-venous fistula.
Ventricular Septal Defect (VSD)
Endocardial Cushion Defect
Complete atrioventricular canal
Truncus arteriosus
ductus Arteriosus
Valvular and Obstructive lesions
Coarctation of aorta
Vascular rings
Aortic stenosis.
AI, MS, hypopalstic heart.
Cotriatrium
Fallot (F5,F4, F3.)
Pulmonary. Atresia
PULMONARY STENOSIS
Ebestien anomaly
Transposition of great vessels
Tetralogy of fallot
Double outlet right ventricle
Pulmonary atresia with a VSD
Common arterial trunk
Absent pulmonary valve syndrome
Tricusped atresia
Tricuspid dysplasia
Tetralogy of Fallot
Normal Fetal HEAD
SEPTUM PELLUCIDUM
Choriod plexus cyst
Agenesis of the corpus callosum
Fetal echocardiography
This document discusses fetal echocardiography and provides information on various congenital heart diseases that can be detected during fetal ultrasound exams. It begins with an introduction on why fetal heart exams are important and then covers imaging techniques such as the four chamber view. Various congenital heart defects are described in detail, including atrial septal defects, ventricular septal defects, atrioventricular septal defects, and hypoplastic left heart syndrome. For each condition, the document discusses incidence rates, sonographic criteria for diagnosis, and clinical prognosis.
Umblical & uterine artery Doppler
This document discusses umbilical and uterine artery Doppler ultrasound. It notes that umbilical artery Doppler is useful for predicting abnormal fetal outcomes, with a resistance index above 0.72 outside normal limits after 26 weeks. Absent or reversed end diastolic flow in the umbilical artery indicates fetal distress and need for monitoring or delivery. Uterine artery Doppler has limited use in predicting fetal growth restriction but can suggest maternal versus fetal causes. An abnormal uterine Doppler with decreased diastolic flow or persistence of a diastolic notch after 24 weeks can help predict preeclampsia. Fortnightly umbilical artery Doppler scans are recommended when growth is not maintained or abdominal circumference is below the third percentile.
UOG Journal Club: Prenatal diagnosis and outcome of fetal posterior fossa flu...
UOG Journal Club: Prenatal diagnosis and outcome of fetal posterior fossa flu...International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology (ISUOG)
This Journal Club presentation provides a summary and discussion of the following free access articles published in UOG:
Prenatal diagnosis and outcome of fetal posterior fossa fluid collections
G. Gandolfi Colleoni, E. Contro, A. Carletti, T. Ghi, G. Campobasso, G. Rembouskos, G. Volpe, G. Pilu, P. Volpe.
Volume 39, Issue 6, Date: June 2012, pages 625–631
Brainstem–vermis and brainstem–tentorium angles allow accurate categorization of fetal upward rotation of cerebellar vermis
P. Volpe, E. Contro, F. De Musso, T. Ghi, A. Farina, A. Tempesta, G. Volpe, N. Rizzo, G. Pilu
Volume 39, Issue 6, Date: June 2012, 632–635
They can be accessed here:
http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/journal/10.1002/(ISSN)1469-0705/homepage/journal_club_2012.htmUltrasound and usg doppler in obstetrics
ultrasonography in obstetrics, usg in obstetrics, ultrasound in obstetrics, doppler in obstetrics, usg doppler in obstetrics, signs in ultrasound, anomaly scan, pregnancy scan, ultrasound in pregnancy,
Neonatal ultrasound overview
This document provides an overview of neonatal brain anatomy and common pathologies seen on ultrasound. It begins with a review of embryonic brain development and the anatomy of structures like the ventricles, basal ganglia, cerebellum and vascular system. Common indications for neonatal brain ultrasound are described. The technique involves scanning standardized coronal and sagittal views to evaluate the supratentorial and infratentorial compartments. Common abnormalities like Chiari malformation, holoprosencephaly, Dandy-Walker malformation, agenesis of the corpus callosum, ventriculomegaly and hydrocephalus are summarized with their characteristic ultrasound findings. Hemorrhagic pathologies such as intraventricular and
Color doppler in fetal hypoxia
Color Doppler ultrasound is an indispensable tool for assessing fetal growth restriction and hypoxia. It allows identification of fetuses at risk for damage or death in utero by examining blood flow in key vessels like the umbilical artery, middle cerebral artery, and uterine arteries. Abnormal Doppler readings in these vessels can indicate placental insufficiency or redistribution of blood flow due to fetal hypoxia. Together with 2D ultrasound, color Doppler improves outcomes by aiding management decisions around timing and mode of delivery.
5-Fetal face ultrasound Dr Ahmed Esawy
5 fetal face ultrasound dr ahmed esawy
Fetal face
Skin tag
EAR AND FACE APPENDIX
Beckwith Wiedemann syndrome
HYPOTELERISM
HYPERTELERISM
Facial anomalies with holoprosencephaly
Lacrimal duct cysts.
Macroglossia
Lymphangioma of the tongue
Cleft Palate and Cleft Lip
Cleft lip and palate
Microphthalmia
Micrognathia
Micrognathia associated with a Dandy-Walker variant.
4-fetal spine Dr Ahmed Esawy
FETAL SPINE
Prenatal classification of Spine abnormalities
Neural Tube Defects
Open NTDs :
• Spina bifida
• Anencephaly
• Encephalocele
closed NTDs (Rarer type ):
• lipomyelomeningocel
• lipomeningocele
• tethered spinal cord.
Vertebral abnormalities
Block vertebrae
Hemivertebra
MIXED,COMPLEX
ABNORMALITIES
Sacral agenesis
Sacrococcygeal teratoma
fetal caudal regression syndrome
syringomyelia
Fetal spinal anomalies in
Intracranial ultrasound
This document provides guidance on performing and interpreting neonatal cranial ultrasounds. It describes the acoustic windows used, standard scan planes, common brain abnormalities seen in premature infants like germinal matrix hemorrhage and periventricular leukomalacia, and methods for assessing and grading these conditions. Measurement techniques for identifying hydrocephalus, such as the Levene index and ventricular index, are also outlined.
Basic Obstetric Ultrasound
Basics of Ultrasound for Graduates By :
Dr.Ahmed Samy
lecturer of Obstetric & Gynecology
Cairo University
Role of ultrasound in emergency obstetrics .
This document discusses the use of ultrasound in evaluating various pregnancy-related issues. It begins by explaining how ultrasound is essential for evaluating pelvic pain and vaginal bleeding in women of childbearing age. It then discusses several specific topics that can be evaluated by ultrasound, including pregnancy of unknown location, discriminatory zones for detecting intrauterine pregnancies, various types of ectopic pregnancies (tubal, ovarian, cervical, etc.), signs of failed early pregnancy, and retained products of conception. It also discusses ultrasound findings for conditions like placenta previa, vasa previa, and fetal distress. In all cases, the document emphasizes how ultrasound findings can help clinicians determine diagnoses and clinical management.
8. normal second trimester ultrasound
The document discusses guidelines for performing a second trimester ultrasound examination. It describes the 6 components of the stepwise ultrasound exam: 1) fetal lie and presentation, 2) fetal cardiac activity, 3) number of fetuses, 4) placental localization, 5) amniotic fluid assessment, and 6) fetal biometry. Fetal biometric measurements taken include biparietal diameter, head circumference, abdominal circumference, and femur length. These measurements are used to determine gestational age and fetal growth.
Umbilical artery doppler [1]
Umbilical artery doppler provides a non-invasive way to assess fetal circulation. Abnormal findings in the umbilical artery doppler such as absent or reversed end diastolic flow indicate placental insufficiency and fetal hypoxia. As the condition worsens, there is a progression from reduced to absent to reversed end diastolic flow. Along with other tests such as MCA and ductus venosus doppler, umbilical artery doppler helps predict poor fetal outcome if no interventions are made.
Obstetric Colour Doppler Study
Doppler ultrasonography is used to analyze blood flow velocity in fetal vessels. The umbilical artery, middle cerebral artery, uterine artery, ductus venosus, inferior vena cava, and umbilical vein are examined. Normal and abnormal waveforms in these vessels provide information about placental and fetal wellbeing. Abnormal waveforms can indicate issues like intrauterine growth restriction and increased risk of fetal demise. Doppler is a valuable tool for assessing fetal health through non-invasive analysis of blood flow velocities.
Presentation1.pptx, ultrasound examination of the neonatal head.
This document provides an overview of ultrasound examination protocols for evaluating the neonatal head. It describes common indications for neonatal head ultrasound such as prematurity, increased head circumference, craniosynostosis, trauma, hypoxia, and suspected intracranial pathology. The document outlines scanning techniques and normal ultrasound appearances. It also describes various pathologies that may be identified on neonatal head ultrasound such as germinal matrix hemorrhage, periventricular leukomalacia, hydrocephalus, holoprosencephaly, encephaloceles, intracranial hemorrhages, and others. Detailed ultrasound images are provided to illustrate normal and abnormal findings.
AIUM Practice Guideline for the Performance of Fetal Echocardiography
This document provides guidelines for performing fetal echocardiography from the American Institute of Ultrasound in Medicine (AIUM). It was developed collaboratively with other medical organizations. The guidelines outline qualifications for personnel, indications for fetal echocardiography examinations, specifications for what should be included in the examination, and equipment specifications. Fetal echocardiography is used to identify and characterize fetal heart anomalies before delivery when there is a valid medical reason to do so. Adherence to these guidelines aims to maximize the detection of clinically significant congenital heart disease.
Fetal Ecocardiography Screening
Case of CHD at 12-14 weeks, with Tricuspid regurgitation at nuchal scan.
At 8/9 weeks heart position looks like "ecttopia cordi" (sorry for absent avi. where everything can see)
Mais conteúdo relacionado
Mais procurados
Isuog fetal cns usg guidelines
- Ultrasound is the main prenatal imaging modality used to diagnose fetal central nervous system (CNS) anomalies.
- The document provides guidelines for performing both a basic CNS exam and a more detailed fetal neurosonogram.
- The basic exam involves evaluating the fetal head and spine using 2-3 planes to assess brain structures like the ventricles and cerebellum.
- A fetal neurosonogram requires more expertise and provides a more detailed multi-planar evaluation of the brain and spine, useful for high-risk pregnancies.
- Both exams should include standard biometric measurements and qualitative assessments of normal anatomy.
Role of ultrasound in emergency obstetrics dr.shreedhar
Ultrasound is essential for evaluating pelvic pain and vaginal bleeding in women of childbearing age. It can identify many potential causes of these presentations including pregnancy location, ectopic pregnancies, retained products of conception, and complications of pregnancy. Transvaginal ultrasound in particular provides high resolution imaging of the pelvis and adnexal structures to accurately diagnose conditions. Doppler ultrasound further aids evaluation by identifying blood flow patterns.
Fetal Neurosonogram
This document discusses fetal neurosonography and the sonographic appearance of fetal brain structures throughout gestation. It begins with an overview of embryonic brain development and the division of the brain into sections. It then examines how the appearance of specific structures changes with gestational age, including the posterior fossa, lateral ventricles, and cerebellum. Serial images demonstrate the maturation and relationships between structures over time. The role of 3D imaging in examining the posterior fossa is also mentioned.
Fetal Echocardiography: Basics and Advanced
This presentation is for those radiologists and residents who have an interest to perform advanced fetal echocardiography. Simply started and gradually covers the advanced part of it. It includes normal findings only.
2 fetal echo part 1 Dr Ahmed Esawy
2 fetal echo part 1 dr ahmed esawy
Ultrasound Markers
soft ultrasound markers
Minor markers
Nuchal fold
Echogenic bowel
Ventriculomegaly
Echogenic cardiac focus
Choroid plexus cyst
Single umbilical artery
Enlarged cisterna magna
Renal pyelectasis
Trisomy 21: Down’s Syndrome
Trisomy 18 Edward Syndrome
Trisomy 13
Molar Tooth Sign
Fetal Echocardiography
1st Step: Check the heart is beating
2nd Step: M-mode heart rate - should be between 120 and 180 beats per minute
3rd step : Situs-
4th step four chamber view.
5th and 6th Step Outflow Tracts
5th step : LVOT
6TH step : RVOT
7th step : 3 Vessel View
8th step: Interventricular Septum
IVS (a false positive for septal defect).
It should be assessed in both B-mode and Colour Doppler.
9th step : Aortic Arch
The 'arches' are best assessed when the foetus is prone.
10th step : Ductal Arch
This is the ductus arteriosus:
Fetal bradycardia
• Fetal sinus bradycardia
• Fetal bradyarrythmias
Fetal Tachyarrhythmia
Fetal premature atrial contraction (PAC)
Fetal Complete Atrioventricular block
Supraventricular tachycardia
Communications between systemic and pulm. Circuits LT RT. shunt.
• Inter-atrial communications. Patent F. oval , ost. 1 defect, sinus venosus, ost.2 defect, endocarial cushin defect.
• Inter-ventricular communications.
-simple VSD.
-VSD with AI
-Single ventricle
-Gerbode defect
-Endocar. Cushion
• Aorto-pulmonary communications:
a. Persistent ductus arteriosus (P.D.A.)
b. Aorto-pulmonary window.
c. Truncus arteriosus.
d. Ruptured sinus of valsalva.
e. Coronary arterio-venous fistula.
Ventricular Septal Defect (VSD)
Endocardial Cushion Defect
Complete atrioventricular canal
Truncus arteriosus
ductus Arteriosus
Valvular and Obstructive lesions
Coarctation of aorta
Vascular rings
Aortic stenosis.
AI, MS, hypopalstic heart.
Cotriatrium
Fallot (F5,F4, F3.)
Pulmonary. Atresia
PULMONARY STENOSIS
Ebestien anomaly
Transposition of great vessels
Tetralogy of fallot
Double outlet right ventricle
Pulmonary atresia with a VSD
Common arterial trunk
Absent pulmonary valve syndrome
Tricusped atresia
Tricuspid dysplasia
Tetralogy of Fallot
Normal Fetal HEAD
SEPTUM PELLUCIDUM
Choriod plexus cyst
Agenesis of the corpus callosum
Fetal echocardiography
This document discusses fetal echocardiography and provides information on various congenital heart diseases that can be detected during fetal ultrasound exams. It begins with an introduction on why fetal heart exams are important and then covers imaging techniques such as the four chamber view. Various congenital heart defects are described in detail, including atrial septal defects, ventricular septal defects, atrioventricular septal defects, and hypoplastic left heart syndrome. For each condition, the document discusses incidence rates, sonographic criteria for diagnosis, and clinical prognosis.
Umblical & uterine artery Doppler
This document discusses umbilical and uterine artery Doppler ultrasound. It notes that umbilical artery Doppler is useful for predicting abnormal fetal outcomes, with a resistance index above 0.72 outside normal limits after 26 weeks. Absent or reversed end diastolic flow in the umbilical artery indicates fetal distress and need for monitoring or delivery. Uterine artery Doppler has limited use in predicting fetal growth restriction but can suggest maternal versus fetal causes. An abnormal uterine Doppler with decreased diastolic flow or persistence of a diastolic notch after 24 weeks can help predict preeclampsia. Fortnightly umbilical artery Doppler scans are recommended when growth is not maintained or abdominal circumference is below the third percentile.
UOG Journal Club: Prenatal diagnosis and outcome of fetal posterior fossa flu...
UOG Journal Club: Prenatal diagnosis and outcome of fetal posterior fossa flu...International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology (ISUOG)
This Journal Club presentation provides a summary and discussion of the following free access articles published in UOG:
Prenatal diagnosis and outcome of fetal posterior fossa fluid collections
G. Gandolfi Colleoni, E. Contro, A. Carletti, T. Ghi, G. Campobasso, G. Rembouskos, G. Volpe, G. Pilu, P. Volpe.
Volume 39, Issue 6, Date: June 2012, pages 625–631
Brainstem–vermis and brainstem–tentorium angles allow accurate categorization of fetal upward rotation of cerebellar vermis
P. Volpe, E. Contro, F. De Musso, T. Ghi, A. Farina, A. Tempesta, G. Volpe, N. Rizzo, G. Pilu
Volume 39, Issue 6, Date: June 2012, 632–635
They can be accessed here:
http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/journal/10.1002/(ISSN)1469-0705/homepage/journal_club_2012.htmUltrasound and usg doppler in obstetrics
ultrasonography in obstetrics, usg in obstetrics, ultrasound in obstetrics, doppler in obstetrics, usg doppler in obstetrics, signs in ultrasound, anomaly scan, pregnancy scan, ultrasound in pregnancy,
Neonatal ultrasound overview
This document provides an overview of neonatal brain anatomy and common pathologies seen on ultrasound. It begins with a review of embryonic brain development and the anatomy of structures like the ventricles, basal ganglia, cerebellum and vascular system. Common indications for neonatal brain ultrasound are described. The technique involves scanning standardized coronal and sagittal views to evaluate the supratentorial and infratentorial compartments. Common abnormalities like Chiari malformation, holoprosencephaly, Dandy-Walker malformation, agenesis of the corpus callosum, ventriculomegaly and hydrocephalus are summarized with their characteristic ultrasound findings. Hemorrhagic pathologies such as intraventricular and
Color doppler in fetal hypoxia
Color Doppler ultrasound is an indispensable tool for assessing fetal growth restriction and hypoxia. It allows identification of fetuses at risk for damage or death in utero by examining blood flow in key vessels like the umbilical artery, middle cerebral artery, and uterine arteries. Abnormal Doppler readings in these vessels can indicate placental insufficiency or redistribution of blood flow due to fetal hypoxia. Together with 2D ultrasound, color Doppler improves outcomes by aiding management decisions around timing and mode of delivery.
5-Fetal face ultrasound Dr Ahmed Esawy
5 fetal face ultrasound dr ahmed esawy
Fetal face
Skin tag
EAR AND FACE APPENDIX
Beckwith Wiedemann syndrome
HYPOTELERISM
HYPERTELERISM
Facial anomalies with holoprosencephaly
Lacrimal duct cysts.
Macroglossia
Lymphangioma of the tongue
Cleft Palate and Cleft Lip
Cleft lip and palate
Microphthalmia
Micrognathia
Micrognathia associated with a Dandy-Walker variant.
4-fetal spine Dr Ahmed Esawy
FETAL SPINE
Prenatal classification of Spine abnormalities
Neural Tube Defects
Open NTDs :
• Spina bifida
• Anencephaly
• Encephalocele
closed NTDs (Rarer type ):
• lipomyelomeningocel
• lipomeningocele
• tethered spinal cord.
Vertebral abnormalities
Block vertebrae
Hemivertebra
MIXED,COMPLEX
ABNORMALITIES
Sacral agenesis
Sacrococcygeal teratoma
fetal caudal regression syndrome
syringomyelia
Fetal spinal anomalies in
Intracranial ultrasound
This document provides guidance on performing and interpreting neonatal cranial ultrasounds. It describes the acoustic windows used, standard scan planes, common brain abnormalities seen in premature infants like germinal matrix hemorrhage and periventricular leukomalacia, and methods for assessing and grading these conditions. Measurement techniques for identifying hydrocephalus, such as the Levene index and ventricular index, are also outlined.
Basic Obstetric Ultrasound
Basics of Ultrasound for Graduates By :
Dr.Ahmed Samy
lecturer of Obstetric & Gynecology
Cairo University
Role of ultrasound in emergency obstetrics .
This document discusses the use of ultrasound in evaluating various pregnancy-related issues. It begins by explaining how ultrasound is essential for evaluating pelvic pain and vaginal bleeding in women of childbearing age. It then discusses several specific topics that can be evaluated by ultrasound, including pregnancy of unknown location, discriminatory zones for detecting intrauterine pregnancies, various types of ectopic pregnancies (tubal, ovarian, cervical, etc.), signs of failed early pregnancy, and retained products of conception. It also discusses ultrasound findings for conditions like placenta previa, vasa previa, and fetal distress. In all cases, the document emphasizes how ultrasound findings can help clinicians determine diagnoses and clinical management.
8. normal second trimester ultrasound
The document discusses guidelines for performing a second trimester ultrasound examination. It describes the 6 components of the stepwise ultrasound exam: 1) fetal lie and presentation, 2) fetal cardiac activity, 3) number of fetuses, 4) placental localization, 5) amniotic fluid assessment, and 6) fetal biometry. Fetal biometric measurements taken include biparietal diameter, head circumference, abdominal circumference, and femur length. These measurements are used to determine gestational age and fetal growth.
Umbilical artery doppler [1]
Umbilical artery doppler provides a non-invasive way to assess fetal circulation. Abnormal findings in the umbilical artery doppler such as absent or reversed end diastolic flow indicate placental insufficiency and fetal hypoxia. As the condition worsens, there is a progression from reduced to absent to reversed end diastolic flow. Along with other tests such as MCA and ductus venosus doppler, umbilical artery doppler helps predict poor fetal outcome if no interventions are made.
Obstetric Colour Doppler Study
Doppler ultrasonography is used to analyze blood flow velocity in fetal vessels. The umbilical artery, middle cerebral artery, uterine artery, ductus venosus, inferior vena cava, and umbilical vein are examined. Normal and abnormal waveforms in these vessels provide information about placental and fetal wellbeing. Abnormal waveforms can indicate issues like intrauterine growth restriction and increased risk of fetal demise. Doppler is a valuable tool for assessing fetal health through non-invasive analysis of blood flow velocities.
Presentation1.pptx, ultrasound examination of the neonatal head.
This document provides an overview of ultrasound examination protocols for evaluating the neonatal head. It describes common indications for neonatal head ultrasound such as prematurity, increased head circumference, craniosynostosis, trauma, hypoxia, and suspected intracranial pathology. The document outlines scanning techniques and normal ultrasound appearances. It also describes various pathologies that may be identified on neonatal head ultrasound such as germinal matrix hemorrhage, periventricular leukomalacia, hydrocephalus, holoprosencephaly, encephaloceles, intracranial hemorrhages, and others. Detailed ultrasound images are provided to illustrate normal and abnormal findings.
Mais procurados (20)
Role of ultrasound in emergency obstetrics dr.shreedhar
Role of ultrasound in emergency obstetrics dr.shreedhar
UOG Journal Club: Prenatal diagnosis and outcome of fetal posterior fossa flu...
UOG Journal Club: Prenatal diagnosis and outcome of fetal posterior fossa flu...
Presentation1.pptx, ultrasound examination of the neonatal head.
Presentation1.pptx, ultrasound examination of the neonatal head.
Destaque
AIUM Practice Guideline for the Performance of Fetal Echocardiography
This document provides guidelines for performing fetal echocardiography from the American Institute of Ultrasound in Medicine (AIUM). It was developed collaboratively with other medical organizations. The guidelines outline qualifications for personnel, indications for fetal echocardiography examinations, specifications for what should be included in the examination, and equipment specifications. Fetal echocardiography is used to identify and characterize fetal heart anomalies before delivery when there is a valid medical reason to do so. Adherence to these guidelines aims to maximize the detection of clinically significant congenital heart disease.
Fetal Ecocardiography Screening
Case of CHD at 12-14 weeks, with Tricuspid regurgitation at nuchal scan.
At 8/9 weeks heart position looks like "ecttopia cordi" (sorry for absent avi. where everything can see)
4 u1.0-b978-1-4160-4224-2..50021-1..docpdf
This document discusses screening for fetal heart disease in low-risk pregnancies. It begins by providing background on the challenges of prenatal detection of congenital heart disease. It then describes the technique for screening, including evaluating the extracardiac structures and performing a detailed examination of the beating four-chamber view of the fetal heart, assessing situs, size, symmetry, structure, and function. Adding evaluation of the left ventricular outflow tract is recommended to help detect more major anomalies. The goal is to improve over reliance on still images and instead evaluate the functioning fetal heart.
Fetal anomaly scan pt2
congenital anomalies
in depth review on major gastro intestinal tract and Genito urinary tract anomalies and usG assesment of the same
TAPVC A CASE STUDY
This case study describes the repair of total anomalous pulmonary venous connection (TAPVC) in a 50-day-old baby. TAPVC is a congenital heart defect where the pulmonary veins do not connect normally to the left atrium. The baby underwent surgery to reroute the pulmonary veins and close an atrial septal defect. In the postoperative period, the baby developed pulmonary arterial hypertension crisis, which was treated with reintubation, vasoactive drugs, and sildenafil infusion through a pulmonary artery catheter. The baby's condition gradually improved and was extubated again after 48 hours of ventilation support.
4 chamber view of Heart
The 4 chamber view of the fetal heart allows visualization of the situs, size, and anatomy of the atria and ventricles. It is easy to obtain and can be included in routine mid-trimester scans. However, it only detects around 40% of congenital heart defects. Some defects are not visible in the 4 chamber view due to progressive evolution or lack of effects on cardiac chambers. Improving imaging techniques like measuring chambers, using color Doppler, and examining throughout the cardiac cycle may increase detection rates. Abnormal 4 chamber views can indicate issues like septal defects, arrhythmias, and structural abnormalities.
Appropriteness Criteria for Coronary Revascularization
The document discusses guidelines for determining the appropriateness of revascularization procedures like angioplasty and coronary artery bypass grafting. It summarizes several major clinical trials that have compared medical therapy to revascularization and PCI to CABG. The guidelines developed by an expert panel rate 180 clinical scenarios on appropriateness based on factors like symptoms, risk level, coronary anatomy, and response to medical therapy. Revascularization is deemed appropriate for high-risk patients but uncertain or inappropriate for low-risk, asymptomatic patients or late interventions after heart attacks.
Diagnóstico prenatal de las alteraciones vertebrales.
1. El documento describe la embriología, anatomía normal y malformaciones de la columna vertebral y médula espinal que pueden diagnosticarse prenatalmente. 2. Incluye detalles sobre disrafismos espinales abiertos y cerrados, defectos de formación y segmentación vertebral, y teratoma sacrococcígeo. 3. El diagnóstico prenatal se realiza mediante ecografía 3D/4D y resonancia magnética fetal para evaluar la posición del cono medular y detectar anomalías.
Pediatric Imaging - Issue 47
This document summarizes techniques for pediatric MRI. It notes that children require specialized skills and equipment due to differences from adults in disease types, sensitivity to radiation, and physiology/behavior. Longer scan times are often needed for neonates due to tissue properties. Techniques to improve image quality include using restore pulses and optimized protocols. Safety is a primary concern, especially for heating risks in neonates/infants. Patient cooperation challenges can be addressed through explanation, mock scans, distraction techniques, and anesthesia if needed. Overall the goal is high quality diagnostic images while minimizing distress.
Total anomalous pulmonary venous connection
Total anomalous pulmonary venous connection (TAPVC) is the fifth most common cause of cyanotic congenital heart disease, where the pulmonary veins drain anomalously into the right atrium or its tributaries instead of the left atrium. It was first described in 1798. There are four main types based on the drainage site: supracardiac, cardiac, infracardiac, and mixed. Unobstructed TAPVC allows mixing of pulmonary and systemic venous blood, while obstructed types lead to pulmonary venous hypertension. Surgical repair is usually required in the neonatal period to redirect the pulmonary veins to the left atrium.
Usg image gallery nov 16
This document summarizes several ultrasound examinations performed by Dr. Arun Gupta and colleagues. It includes summaries of chorionic-amniotic separation, angulation in the fetal spine, giant cell tumor of the tendon sheath, pelvic floor ultrasound examining the levator sling, ureterocoele, and stenosis of the spermatic artery. Definitions, ultrasound findings, and images are provided for each condition.
Trastornos perinatales
Este documento trata sobre los trastornos perinatales y sus implicaciones psiquiátricas. Describe que estos trastornos afectan a mujeres de todas las culturas y que el periodo perinatal se refiere al embarazo y primer año de vida del bebé. Explica que entre el 8.5% al 11% de mujeres embarazadas sufren síntomas de depresión y/o ansiedad y describe algunos trastornos como la depresión posparto, psicosis posparto, trastorno de pánico posparto y teorías
Rayos X y Ecosonografía
El documento describe las aplicaciones de la imagenología pediátrica, incluyendo radiografías, ultrasonido y tomografía computarizada. Explica los riesgos y beneficios de estas técnicas, así como las proyecciones radiográficas estándar para diferentes partes del cuerpo. También presenta ejemplos normales y anormales de imágenes de varios órganos pediátricos obtenidas mediante ultrasonido.
Esc 2014 guidelines myocardial revascularization
This document discusses strategies for diagnosing and treating stable coronary artery disease (CAD), including revascularization options of percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) or coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG). It states that revascularization more effectively relieves angina, reduces medication usage, and improves quality of life compared to medical therapy alone. It also notes that guidelines recommend medical treatment prior to and along with revascularization. The document provides indications and considerations for revascularization and addresses strategies for non-ST elevation myocardial infarction (NSTEMI) and ST elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) patients.
Neuroprotección Fetal ( Sulfato de Magnesio )
El documento resume la evidencia sobre el uso de sulfato de magnesio para la neuroprotección fetal. Seis estudios clínicos aleatorizados encontraron que el sulfato de magnesio reduce el riesgo de parálisis cerebral en prematuros en un 31%, con un número necesario a tratar de 633 recién nacidos. Los mecanismos propuestos incluyen efectos antiinflamatorios y protección contra la hipoxia-isquemia. Se recomienda el uso de sulfato de magnesio en mujeres con riesgo de parto pretérmino para mejor
Abordaje integral del nodulo mamario
Este documento resume el abordaje integral del nódulo mamario. Describe la historia clínica, examen físico y estudios de imagen necesarios para evaluar una masa mamaria. Explica que la mayoría de masas son benignas pero es importante realizar una evaluación completa para descartar malignidad. Resalta la importancia de comunicar con la paciente y manejar su ansiedad dado el temor que genera una masa en la mama.
EcografíA En Obstetricia Hgc
La ecografía utiliza ondas sonoras en lugar de radiaciones para tomar imágenes del feto dentro del útero de manera segura. Se puede usar para verificar el bienestar del feto, diagnosticar defectos de nacimiento y evaluar el embarazo ectópico o múltiple. El procedimiento involucra pasar un transductor con gel sobre la barriga de la mujer embarazada para obtener imágenes claras, y puede durar hasta una hora sin causar dolor.
Distocia funicular
El documento presenta información sobre la anatomía y fisiología del cordón umbilical. Describe cambios en la gelatina de Wharton durante el embarazo y su relación con factores de riesgo. También indica que el grosor anormal del cordón puede identificar fetos en riesgo y que índices anormales de espiralamiento vascular se asocian con mayor morbilidad y mortalidad perinatal.
Imagenologia en obstetricia
El documento discute el uso de la imagenología en obstetricia. Se recomienda ofrecer ultrasonido a todas las pacientes y realizar dos ultrasonidos a pacientes de bajo riesgo. La sensibilidad del ultrasonido para detectar anomalías fetales es mayor al 70%. Las edades gestacionales óptimas para exámenes de imagen son entre 12-14 semanas en el primer trimestre y 18-22 semanas en el segundo trimestre. El impacto del ultrasonido prenatal en la morbimortalidad materna es inversamente proporcional a su eficacia.
Destaque (20)
AIUM Practice Guideline for the Performance of Fetal Echocardiography
AIUM Practice Guideline for the Performance of Fetal Echocardiography
Appropriteness Criteria for Coronary Revascularization
Appropriteness Criteria for Coronary Revascularization
Diagnóstico prenatal de las alteraciones vertebrales.
Diagnóstico prenatal de las alteraciones vertebrales.
Semelhante a Labelled fetal heart ultrasound
BASIC CARDIAC US.pptx
This document provides an overview of cardiac ultrasound views and techniques. It discusses the four standard cardiac views: parasternal long axis (PLAX), parasternal short axis (SAX), apical four-chamber (A4C), and subcostal. For each view, it describes the probe placement, normal anatomy, and features of a good image. Common pathologies that can be identified include reduced contractility, pericardial effusion, pulmonary embolism, and regional wall motion abnormalities. Assessment of ejection fraction and identifying areas of abnormal wall motion are important for evaluating cardiac function and ischemia.
ASD ECHO ASSESSMENT renewed slideshow.pptx
1. ASD is classified based on location as ostium secundum (75%), ostium primum (15-20%), and sinus venosus (2-10%).
2. Genetic factors such as transcription factors NKX2.5, TBX5, GATA4,6, and environmental factors like gestational diabetes and medications increase risk of ASD.
3. Echocardiography is used to detect, characterize, and size ASD as well as assess for complications like pulmonary hypertension. Device closure is indicated for symptomatic or large defects.
Cardiac anatomy
This document provides an overview of echocardiography, including its uses, cardiac anatomy, imaging windows, and techniques. Echocardiography is primarily used to assess left ventricular function (90% of requests) and identify valvular or structural abnormalities. It describes the basic anatomy of the heart including chambers, vessels, valves, and walls. Imaging planes like parasternal, apical, and subcostal views are outlined. Techniques like M-Mode, Doppler, and color flow Doppler are explained for evaluating cardiac structure and function. Common pathologies like valvular diseases and cardiomyopathies that can be identified with echocardiography are also summarized.
Point of care 2021
This document describes techniques for point of care cranial ultrasound, echocardiography, and abdominal ultrasound imaging in neonates. It discusses various scan planes and views used to image the brain, heart, and abdomen and identifies normal anatomy as well as some common pathologies seen in neonates. Key topics include coronal, sagittal, and posterior coronal views of the brain; different echocardiography views and how they are used to assess cardiac structure and function; and using measurements of superior vena cava flow to estimate systemic blood flow and cerebral blood flow in neonates.
Two dimensional echocardiography
The document discusses the views and measurements obtained from a two-dimensional echocardiography exam. It describes the four main transducer windows used: parasternal, apical, subcostal, and suprasternal. From these windows, standard views are obtained including PLAX, RVIT, various short axis views of valves and structures. Measurements of chambers, walls, valves and other cardiac structures are made in these views. Assessment of systolic function includes linear and volumetric measurements to calculate ejection fraction and wall motion analysis.
Echocardiography
This document provides an overview of echocardiography, including the basics of trans-thoracic echocardiography, normal doppler echocardiography, and evaluation of cardiac chambers and structures. It discusses the standard scanning planes used in echocardiography including parasternal, apical, subcostal, and suprasternal. It also covers doppler modalities for assessing blood flow through structures like the valves and vessels. The implications of echocardiography are evaluating cardiac size, function, valves, hemodynamics, and diseases.
Bed side echocardiography in neonate km ed
Neonatal echocardiography is becoming order of the day next only to TABC.It can give very objective information about cardiac structure and function aiding the treatment in time.Hence basic view are critical when we attept to cardiac ultra sound.
Echocardiography in TAVI patients 2014
Peter Hansen is a Cardiologist with a particular interest in Transcatheter Aortic Valve Implantation. This talk is all about TAVI's and imaging used to assess them. You may be seeing a lot more TAVI's so this superb insight from an expert is invaluable.
Ultrasound in cardiac arrest
This document discusses the use of echocardiography during cardiac arrest and peri-arrest situations. It provides an overview of basic echo views that can be useful. Echo can help identify the cause of arrest such as tamponade, pulmonary embolism, or wall motion abnormalities. Findings on echo such as hypovolaemia or myocardial activity can help guide management decisions. The document reviews where echo fits within the ACLS algorithm and issues surrounding its use during cardiac arrest. It provides examples of echo findings that may indicate treatable versus non-treatable causes of arrest.
PEDIATRIC ECHOCARDIOGRAPHY: APICAL AND PARASTERNAL VIEWS
PEDIATRIC ECHOCARDIOGRAPHY: APICAL AND PARASTERNAL VIEWSDr. Murtaza Kamal MD,DNB,DrNB Ped Cardiology
This document provides an overview of various echocardiographic views used to visualize cardiac structures and diagnose pathologies. It describes the apical and parasternal views including the 4-chamber, 5-chamber, 2-chamber, and short-axis views. Each view is explained in terms of the structures seen and pathologies that can be identified. Measurement techniques like Simpson's method for ejection fraction are also summarized.ECHO ASSESSMENT OF ASD FOR DEVICE CLOSURE
preop TEE assessment of atrial septal defect is very important for making decision for device closure, properly assessed adequate rims of ASD will reduce risk of device embolization to almost nil.
Cardiac Ultrasound Made Easy-Hamisi Mkindi.pptx
CARDIAC ULTRASOUND Earlier we mentioned that all the valves of the heart have three leaflets, EXCEPT one – the mitral. The mitral valve has 2 leaflets. You can tell these 2 leaflets apart on ultrasound… the ANTERIOR leaflet will be the one closest to the interventricular septum (the septum between the 2 ventricles). The posterior one will be closer to the posterior septum.
ECHO views and measurements-Dr. Razu.pptx
This document provides an overview of echocardiogram views and measurements. It describes the standard views obtained from the parasternal, apical, subcostal, and suprasternal windows. For each view, it indicates the transducer position, imaging plane, and cardiac structures visualized. It also provides typical Doppler sequences and includes normal measurements for cardiac structures. Troubleshooting tips are provided for technically difficult studies.
Asd echo assessment
This document discusses the echocardiographic assessment of atrial septal defects (ASDs). It describes the main types of ASDs and notes that 80% are secundum defects. Echocardiography is used to identify and characterize ASDs, detect associated anomalies, diagnose complications, and guide treatment. Transthoracic echocardiography is the initial study, while transesophageal echocardiography provides better views of the atrial septum. Key measurements include ASD size, location, rim dimensions, and quantifying shunt severity with Qp/Qs. Echocardiography guides decisions about ASD device closure or surgery.
Cardiac anatomy
Echocardiography is used primarily to assess left ventricular function and detect valvular and structural abnormalities of the heart. It provides images of the heart's anatomy and function via ultrasound windows and uses Doppler to evaluate blood flow velocity and direction. Common applications include assessing valvular diseases like mitral stenosis and regurgitation, cardiomyopathies, and other conditions like endocarditis, pericardial effusions, and ischemic heart disease. Echocardiography is a crucial noninvasive tool for cardiac evaluation.
CATH MEET PDA
This document discusses the case of a 2 year old male child presenting with recurrent lower respiratory tract infections. On examination, a systolic murmur was heard. Echocardiogram showed a patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) of size 8mm with left to right shunting. Cardiac catheterization found a Qp/Qs ratio of 1.83, confirming a left to right shunt. Post oxygen, the Qp/Qs ratio increased to 2.94, and PVR decreased, indicating reactivity. The document then discusses two other cases and provides information on indications for catheterization in PDA, angiographic views, classifications of PDA, and factors affecting shunting through a PDA
TEE VIEWS transesophageal echocardiography views.pptx
This document discusses 28 standard views used in transesophageal echocardiography (TEE) exams to examine cardiac structures. It groups the views into mid-esophageal views of the left ventricle, mitral valve, aortic valve, right ventricle, and bi-caval views. Additional views include mid-esophageal and upper-esophageal views of the descending aorta and aortic arch. Transgastric views provide images of the left ventricle, right ventricle, and mitral valve from below. Each view is described in terms of the cardiac structures seen and clinical applications for diagnosing pathology.
TaPVD.pptx
This document discusses total anomalous pulmonary venous connection (TAPVC), including:
- Sites of drainage for TAPVC including supracardiac, cardiac, and infracardiac.
- Obstruction can occur at the drainage sites, leading to pulmonary venous obstruction and pulmonary hypertension.
- Clinical features depend on presence and size of ASD and degree of obstruction. Cyanosis and heart failure are common.
- Diagnosis is made by echocardiogram, CT, and cardiac catheterization.
- Natural history is poor without treatment, with death in first year common for those with obstruction.
- Treatment involves surgical repair to redirect pulmonary veins to left atrium while addressing any obstructions.
Echocardiogram Basics Iowa ACC CV Team 12-5-2020 1.pdf
This document summarizes an echocardiogram basics presentation which covered:
1) The different standard scan windows and views in a transthoracic echocardiogram including the parasternal, apical, subcostal, and suprasternal windows.
2) How to identify basic heart structures on echocardiograms such as the chambers, valves, arteries, and pericardium.
3) How Doppler imaging can evaluate flow characteristics and be used to estimate pressures.
The presentation provided an overview of echocardiogram terminology, imaging principles, and the key structures visualized in each standard scan view or window.
Semelhante a Labelled fetal heart ultrasound (20)
PEDIATRIC ECHOCARDIOGRAPHY: APICAL AND PARASTERNAL VIEWS
PEDIATRIC ECHOCARDIOGRAPHY: APICAL AND PARASTERNAL VIEWS
TEE VIEWS transesophageal echocardiography views.pptx
TEE VIEWS transesophageal echocardiography views.pptx
Echocardiogram Basics Iowa ACC CV Team 12-5-2020 1.pdf
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In this document , a brief outline of osteoporosis is given , including the risk factors of osteoporosis fractures , the indications for testing bone mineral density and the management of osteoporosis
The Nervous and Chemical Regulation of Respiration
These lecture slides, by Dr Sidra Arshad, offer a simplified look into the mechanisms involved in the regulation of respiration:
Learning objectives:
1. Describe the organisation of respiratory center
2. Describe the nervous control of inspiration and respiratory rhythm
3. Describe the functions of the dorsal and respiratory groups of neurons
4. Describe the influences of the Pneumotaxic and Apneustic centers
5. Explain the role of Hering-Breur inflation reflex in regulation of inspiration
6. Explain the role of central chemoreceptors in regulation of respiration
7. Explain the role of peripheral chemoreceptors in regulation of respiration
8. Explain the regulation of respiration during exercise
9. Integrate the respiratory regulatory mechanisms
10. Describe the Cheyne-Stokes breathing
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1. Chapter 42, Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14th edition
2. Chapter 36, Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology, 26th edition
3. Chapter 13, Human Physiology by Lauralee Sherwood, 9th edition
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The Electrocardiogram - Physiologic Principles
These lecture slides, by Dr Sidra Arshad, offer a quick overview of the physiological basis of a normal electrocardiogram.
Learning objectives:
1. Define an electrocardiogram (ECG) and electrocardiography
2. Describe how dipoles generated by the heart produce the waveforms of the ECG
3. Describe the components of a normal electrocardiogram of a typical bipolar lead (limb II)
4. Differentiate between intervals and segments
5. Enlist some common indications for obtaining an ECG
6. Describe the flow of current around the heart during the cardiac cycle
7. Discuss the placement and polarity of the leads of electrocardiograph
8. Describe the normal electrocardiograms recorded from the limb leads and explain the physiological basis of the different records that are obtained
9. Define mean electrical vector (axis) of the heart and give the normal range
10. Define the mean QRS vector
11. Describe the axes of leads (hexagonal reference system)
12. Comprehend the vectorial analysis of the normal ECG
13. Determine the mean electrical axis of the ventricular QRS and appreciate the mean axis deviation
14. Explain the concepts of current of injury, J point, and their significance
Study Resources:
1. Chapter 11, Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14th edition
2. Chapter 9, Human Physiology - From Cells to Systems, Lauralee Sherwood, 9th edition
3. Chapter 29, Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology, 26th edition
4. Electrocardiogram, StatPearls - https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK549803/
5. ECG in Medical Practice by ABM Abdullah, 4th edition
6. Chapter 3, Cardiology Explained, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK2214/
7. ECG Basics, http://www.nataliescasebook.com/tag/e-c-g-basics
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Labelled fetal heart ultrasound
- 1. Fetal Heart Ultrasound Anatomy Trang Tran, Medical Imaging Department, Redland Hospital 2015
- 2. Fetal Heart Protocol 1. Situs 2. M-Mode 3. 4 Chamber Heart (4CH) 4. Inter ventricular Septum (IVS) 5. Left Ventricular outflow Tract (LVOT) 6. Right Ventricular Outflow Tract (RVOT) 7. 3 Vessel view (3VV/ SAP) 8. Arrowhead 9. Aortic Arch 10.Ductal Arch
- 3. Abbreviations used • LV -Left Ventricle • LA - Left Atrium • RV - Right Ventricle • RA - Right Atrium • IVS - Inter ventricular Septum • Ao - Aorta • SVC - Superior vena cava
- 4. Situs
- 6. M-Mode
- 7. 4CH
- 9. IVS
- 10. Labelled IVS
- 11. Colour IVS
- 13. LVOT
- 14. Labelled LVOT
- 15. Colour LVOT
- 17. RVOT
- 18. Labelled RVOT
- 19. Colour RVOT
- 21. SAP
- 22. Labelled SAP
- 23. Arrow Head
- 25. Ductal Arch
- 28. Labelled Colour Ductal Arch
- 29. Aortic Arch
- 32. Labelled Colour Aortic Arch