Keynote at UConn Symposium on Affordable Textbooks

1. High Impact OER Adoption:
Ambitions, Practical Considerations,
and Outcomes
David Wiley, PhD
@opencontent

2. Unless otherwise noted
this presentation is licensed CC BY 4.0

5. “The World is Changed”
Galadriel

6. Analog  Digital
Music, Phones, TV, Newspapers,
Movies, Journals, &c.

7. Tethered  Mobile
Phones, Internet Access,
Employment

8. Concealing  Sharing
Photos, Videos, Journal Entries

9. Isolated  Connected
People, Content, Systems

10. Generic  Personal
Cars, Computers, Mobile Phones

11. Consuming  Creating
Newspapers / Blogs
Movies & TV / YouTube

12. Closed  Open
Research (Articles, Journals)
Data (Government, Weather, GIS)
Content (Open Educational Resources)

13. Then vs Now
Analog  Digital
Tethered  Mobile
Concealing  Sharing
Isolated  Connected
Generic  Personal
Consuming  Creating
Closed  Open

14. Education vs Everyday
Analog  Digital
Tethered  Mobile
Concealing  Sharing
Isolated  Connected
Generic  Personal
Consuming  Creating
Closed  Open

15. “Daily Divide”
(As opposed to the digital divide)

16. “Academic”
(This is where the common usage derives)

17. “Academic”
(This is where the common usage derives)

18. What About Online Learning?

19. What About Online Learning?
Very innovative in 1993!

20. Online Learning
Analog or Digital
Tethered or Mobile
Concealing or Sharing
Isolated or Connected
Generic or Personal
Consuming or Creating
Closed or Open

21. education

22. education =

23. education = sharing

24. sharing

25. what you know

26. sharing

27. feedback

28. sharing

29. encouragement

30. sharing

31. passion

32. sharing

33. yourself

34. “internet”

35. Handwriting Printing Press Internet
Copying
a book
$1000s per
copy
$1s per copy $0.0001s per
copy
Distributing
a book
$1000s per
copy
$1s per copy $0.0001s per
copy

36. unprecedented capacity

37. sharing

38. education = sharing

39. unprecedented capacity

40. education

41. except, it doesn’t

47. ©

48. Copyright
Regulates
Handwriting Printing Press Internet
Copying
a book
$1000s per
copy
$1s per copy $0.0001s per
copy
Distributing
a book
$1000s per
copy
$1s per copy $0.0001s per
copy

49. Internet
Enables
Copyright
Forbids

51. Open Educational Resources

52. Which “open”?

53. open ≈ free

54. free is assumed online

55. open = free + permissions

56. Open
1. Free and unfettered access
2. Perpetual, irrevocable 5R permissions

57. • Make and own a copyRetain
• Use in a wide range of waysReuse
• Adapt, modify, and improveRevise
• Combine two or moreRemix
• Share with othersRedistribute
The 5Rs

59. retain is fundamental

60. retain is prerequisite
to revise and remix

61. • Make and own a copyRetain
• Use in a wide range of waysReuse
• Adapt, modify, and improveRevise
• Combine two or moreRemix
• Share with othersRedistribute
The 5Rs

62. Open
1. Free and unfettered access
2. Perpetual, irrevocable 5R permissions

63. “Faux-pen”
1. Free (possibly gated) access
2. All rights reserved (or stronger)

64. Cost to
Students
Permissions
to Faculty
and Students
Commercial
Textbooks
Expensive Restrictive
Websites and
Library
Resources
Free Restrictive
Open Educational
Resources
Free 5Rs

65. Open Educational Resources
1. Free and unfettered access
2. Perpetual, irrevocable 5R permissions

66. traditionally © materials
+ internet

68. openly licensed materials
+ internet

70. Internet
Enables
Open
Permits

71. OER Adoption
Replacing whatever was previously in
the “Required Materials” section of your
syllabus with OER

72. High Impact OER Adoption
Adoption that:
1. Improves affordability,
2. Improves student success, and
3. Does it at scale

73. High Impact OER Adoption
Adoption that:
1. Improves affordability,
2. Improves student success, and
3. Does it at scale

75. Textbook Pricing in Context
One Month Access to… Costs…
Netflix – 20k Movies / TV Episodes $7.99 / month
Spotify – 15M Songs $9.99 / month
CourseSmart – 1 Biology Textbook $19.67 / month

76. There is a direct relationship between
textbook costs and student success






60%+ do not purchase textbooks
at some point due to cost
35% take fewer courses due to
textbook cost
31% choose not to register for a
course due to textbook cost
23% regularly go without
textbooks due to cost
14% have dropped a course
due to textbook cost
2012 Florida Virtual Campus student survey

77. Supporting faculty costs money
Many institutions use a $5 - $10 fee

78. High Impact OER Adoption
Adoption that:
1. Improves affordability,
2. Improves student success, and
3. Does it at scale

80. A Multi-Institutional Study of the
Impact of Open Textbook Adoption
on the Learning Outcomes of Post-
secondary Students
Fischer, Hilton, Robinson, and Wiley
Journal of Computing in Higher Education
(2015)

81. Participants
• 4909 treatment
• 11,818 control
• 50 different undergraduate courses
• 130 teachers
• 10 institutions

82. Method
Quasi-experimental design with:
• Propensity score matched groups
• Dependent variables: Completion; C or Better;
Credits Enrolled This Term; Credits Enrolled
Next Term
• Independent variable: Textbook condition
• 3 covariates: age, gender, and race

83. Propensity Score Matching

84. Journal of Computing in Higher Education (2015)

85. Credits Taken
Semester OER Users Others Result
Fall 13.29 11.14 t (8101) = 27.81 p < .01
Winter 10.71 9.16 F(1, 6440) = 154.08, p <.01
Journal of Computing in Higher Education (2015)

86. Improving Course Throughput Rates
and Open Educational Resources:
Results from the Z Degree Program
at Tidewater Community College
Hilton, Fischer, Wiley, and Williams
Accepted International Review of Research in
Open and Distance Learning

87. Course Throughput Rate
IRRODL (in press)
Drop
Deadline
Withdraw
Deadline
Final
Grade
Students

88. Commercial vs OER
2.3% | 1.8%
9.9% | 8.1%
68% | 74%
(Face to Face)
60% | 66%
Drop
Withdraw
C or Better
CTR
IRRODL (in press)

89. Commercial vs OER
4.0% | 1.4%
13.7% | 13.1%
66% | 70%
(Online)
54% | 60%
Drop
Withdraw
C or Better
CTR
IRRODL (in press)

90. Mercy College:
College Algebra Before and After OER + Emporium
64%
48%
69%
53%
74%
60%
77%
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
FALL TERM SPRING TERM
YEAR
# STUDENTS
2011
697
2012
695
2013
640
2011
486
2012
513
2013
457
2014
418
No
OER
All
OER
All
OER
Some
OER
All
OER
All
OER
All
OER
Passing rates
up 60%
Adapted from Zsuzsa Komeni-Fejes

91. The Tidewater Z-Degree and the
INTRO Model for Sustaining OER
Adoption
Wiley, Hilton, Williams, and DeMarte
Educational Policy Analysis Archives
(2016)

92. 182 * .89 * $164.35 (in-state) * 3
+ 182 * .11 * $358.95 (out-of-state) * 3
$101,042 INTRO annually
INcreased Tuition Revenue (Open)
Education Policy Analysis Archives (2016)

93. openedgroup.org/review

94. 11 Peer Reviewed Studies
http://openedgroup.org/

95. 48,623 Students
http://openedgroup.org/

96. 93% Same or Better Outcomes
http://openedgroup.org/

97. 9 Peer Reviewed Studies of
Perceptions of OER Quality
http://openedgroup.org/

98. 4,510 Professors and Students
http://openedgroup.org/

99. 50%
Same35%
Better
15%
Worse
http://openedgroup.org/

100. impact.lumenlearning.com

101. Ok. But how?

102. 1. Don’t stop at the swap

105. 2. Use outcomes as outline

106. Outcome Assessment Resources License
1. Students will
understand
statistical test…
60 second
explainer video
URL 1
Video 1
CC BY
CC BY
2. Students will
analyze data…
Govt data
analysis
URL 1
URL 2
CC BY
CC BY SA
3. … … … …
Line ‘Em Up

107. 3. Rethink your assessments

108. “What does open allow me to do?”

109. Online Learning
Analog or Digital
Tethered or Mobile
Concealing or Sharing
Isolated or Connected
Generic or Personal
Consuming or Creating
Closed or Open

110. Online Learning
Analog or Digital
Tethered or Mobile
Concealing or Sharing
Isolated or Connected
Generic or Personal
Consuming or Creating
Closed or Open

111. Connecting
It’s “hard” to connect to something if
you don't have access to it

112. Personalizing
It’s “hard” to personalize something
if you don't have permission to modify it

113. Creating and Sharing
It’s “hard” to make and share things when
you’re constantly worried about being sued

114. When You Can Assume “Open”
These problems disappear

115. OER-based Learning
Analog or Digital
Tethered or Mobile
Concealing or Sharing
Isolated or Connected
Generic or Personal
Consuming or Creating
Closed or Open

116. Disposable Assignments
Students hate doing them
You hate grading them
Huge wasted opportunity

117. US undergraduates spend
approximately 40 million hours
doing homework every year.

118. Renewable Assignments
Students see value in doing them
You see value in grading them
The work is valuable

119. Learning Objects Book

120. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AsFU3sAlPx4

121. PM4ID

122. PM4ID

123. Renewable Assignments
Are enabled by the open nature of OER

124. High Impact OER Adoption
Adoption that:
1. Improves affordability,
2. Improves student success, and
3. Does it at scale

125. OER-based Degree
When elective and required courses
adopt OER so a student can
graduate without ever being asked
to buy a textbook

126. OER-based Degrees

127. OER-based Degrees

128. OER GenEd Pathway?
No four year institution has made a
significant commitment to OER.
How about an OER-based pathway
through GE requirements?

129. VCCS Zx23`

130. `

131. OER Office Hours
http://lumenlearning.com/office-hours/

132. High Impact OER Adoption Can…
1. Improve affordability
2. Improve student success
3. At scale

133. `

134. More Discussion!
@opencontent
david@lumenlearning.com