Earthquake Hazard

1. Department of Earth Sciences KFUPM Introduction to Seismology Earthquake Hazard Introduction to Seismology-KFUPM Ali Oncel [email_address] 33° E 60° E 10° N 37°N

2. Term-Paper Status Deadline: May 3 (Submit) May 10 (Present) Through the e-mail Introduction to Seismology-KFUPM

3. Mid-Term Exam May 5 Introduction to Seismology-KFUPM

5. Natural hazards in time Introduction to Seismology-KFUPM Magnitude Log of frequency Magnitude Log of recurrence interval Source

7. Spatial distribution of hazards Introduction to Seismology-KFUPM Principal earthquake zones and explosive volcanoes ‘ Ring of Fire’ S. E. Asia Caribbean Mount St. Helens 1980 Montserrat 1995-present Toba 73ka Pinatubo 1991 Tambora 1815 Aitapei 1998 Alaska 1964 Northridge 1994 Loma Prieta 1989 Chile 1960 Izmit 1999 Lisbon 1755 Tangshen 1976 Tokyo 1923 Kobe 1995 Tropical cyclone zones Bhuj 2001 Taiwan 1999 Columbia 1999 Venezuela 2000 Hurricane Mitch 1999 Source

8. Where do earthquakes occur? Introduction to Seismology-KFUPM Alaska 1964 Chile 1960 Tokyo 1923 Kobe 1995 Turkey 1999 Lisbon 1755 The 20 th C top ten California 1989 1994 Gujarat 2001 Kashmir 2005 Sumatra 2004 Source

9. SEISMIC HAZARD AND RISK Earthquake quantification So far: how big? M L , m b , M s , M w how much damage? I, I o , I MSK, I MM where? WWSSN, local networks, ISC and now: when? earthquake prediction how often? seismic or earthquake hazard Introduction to Seismology-KFUPM

11. IDNDR Office Introduction to Seismology-KFUPM

13. Some notable earthquakes in history Source: Hazard Research Center Introduction to Seismology-KFUPM

14. Recent notable earthquakes Source: Hazard Research Center Introduction to Seismology-KFUPM

15. Yearly average of worldwide damage from natural disasters in the last three decades (data from Munich R) Introduction to Seismology-KFUPM

16. Geological hazards in context: loss events worldwide 2000 Windstorm 38% Others 26% Earthquake & volcanic 14% Flood 22% Total 851 Introduction to Seismology-KFUPM Source

17. Geological hazards in context II: fatalities worldwide 2000 Quake & volcano 4% Total 9,270 Introduction to Seismology-KFUPM Flood 67% Windstorm 15% Other 14% Source

18. Geological hazards in context III: economic losses worldwide 2000 Flood 53% Quake & volcanic 1% Other 14% Windstorm 32% Total US$ 31 bn Introduction to Seismology-KFUPM Source

19. Geological hazards in context IV: insured losses worldwide 2000 Windstorm 75% Other 4% Flood 21% Total US$ 8.3 bn Introduction to Seismology-KFUPM Source