Why Kubernetes by Ahmed el Fakharany from LevelSet

1. Why Kubernetes and Where
to Start?
By Ahmed El-Fakharany

2. Software Deployment Evolution

3. The Bare Metal Age
● 1 machine = 1 application
● Very expensive
● Time consuming
● Required manual setup
● A lot of manpower
● A lot of wasted resources
But, that was OK then
because:
● The internet was scarce
● Very few used computers
● Phones were not “smart”
● No tablets, smart watches, TVs,
etc.

4. The Virtualization Age
● 1 machine = n machines
● Saved costs
● More environments
● Faster lifecycle
But, that was not enough because:
● Technology was moving fast
● Client expectations increased
● “It works on my machine!”
problem
● The need for more cost
optimization
As a result:
● Emergence of Agile and
DevOps
● Inception of Cloud Computing
● Rise of containerization

5. The Containerization
Age
● 1 machine = n applications
● Ship code + machine
● Maximum resource utilization
● But 1 container = 1 process
This lead to:
● The Microservices architecture
Which brought challenges of its own:
● High-availability handling
● Zero-downtime requirement
● Load balancing
● Efficient resource management
● Containers may crash
● Nodes may fail
● Stateless vs. stateful services

6. Kubernetes

7. Why Kubernetes?
● Has larger market share than similar technologies like Docker Swarm,
Apache Mesos, AWS ECS/Fargate, and Nomad (reference)
● Originally developed at Google and open sourced in 2014. It has the largest
ecosystem.
● Native support by all major cloud providers
● The first member in CNCF (a subsidiary of the Linux Foundation)
● The GitHub repo has more than 2k contributors.
● Very fast-evolving, used in many production environments, and huge
community support.

9. Kubernetes Basics
Uses YAML or JSON definition files to build and
manage components
The basic deployment unit is the Pod. It may host
one or more containers
Pods can be created, destroyed, replicated, and
moved across nodes automatically.
Uses controllers to manage Pods like
ReplicaSets, Deployments, and StatefulSets.
Sample Pod definition

10. Where to start?
Free Resources
- Official documentation
- Magalix Blog
- Minikube: k8s cluster on your laptop (Linux)
- Docker Desktop: macOS and Windows
- Play with Kubernetes free k8s online
- Kubernetes Playground
Kubernetes Up & Running
(available October 22nd)
Books and courses:
Kubernetes Certified Application
Developer (CKAD) with Tests
(Use coupon: UPRJKMSMEDCKAD10)

11. Thank you
Ahmed El-Fakharany
abohmeed@gmail.com
https://www.linkedin.com/in/ahmed-alfakharany/
https://www.youtube.com/c/AhmadAlFakharany
https://www.linuxschoolonline.com