2. 2
How our ancestor used
to disperse
information to
others?
ICT F4 Lesson 1
3. 3
Back to the past…
• In the early year of Tanah Melayu
‘Beduk’ play an important role
• The Headman of the village
announced any news, be it birth,
death, time of prayers
• Different rhythms signified different
events
6. 6
• ICT is the technology required
for information processing
• use of electronic computers,
communication devices and
software applications
• convert, store, protect, process,
transmit and retrieve information
What is
ICT?
7. 7
Information
knowledge obtained from
reading, investigation, study
or research
telephone, television and
radio
to make decisions and to
predict the future
knowledge and helps us to
fulfill our daily tasks
8. 8
Communication
• an act of transmitting messages
• a process whereby information is
exchanged between individuals using
symbols, signs or verbal interactions
• internet, e-mail or video conferencing
How did people beforeus communicate?
9. 9
Technology
• the use of scientific knowledge,
experience and resources to create
processes and product that fulfill
human needs
• Aiding Communication - telephone and
fax machines are used in extending
communication
• Spreading Information – To broadcast
information such as news or weather
reports effectively (Radio, television, satellites and the world
wide web (www))
17. ICT the technology required for
information processing, in
particular, the use electronics
computers, communication devices and
application software to convert,
store, protect, process, transmit
and retrieve information from
anywhere, anytime
19. The early years
First generation
Second generation
Fifth generation
Third generation
Fourth generation
New era generation
20. 20
First generation (1940-1956)
• Vacuum tubes was introduced an
electronic tube made of glass used as
computer components to store and
process data
• ENIAC (Electronic Numerical Integrator and Computer)
use vacuum tube instead of mechanical
switches of the MARK 1
• 1951 UNIVAC (Universal Automatic Computer) which
could calculate at the rate of 10,000
addition per seconds
22. 22
• New technology were needed in the
invention of technology
a) Vacuum tube – an electronic tube about
the size of light bulbs. It was used as the
internal computer components. Thousands
of them were used
b) Punched card – used to store data
c) Magnetic tape – introduced in 1957. It is
used to store data. A faster
and more compact method
of storing data
24. 24
Problems:
• The vacuum tubes generated great
deal of heat causing many problems in
temperature regulation and climate
control
• The tubes burnt out frequently
26. 26
TRANSISTOR
The advantages of transistor:
1. Smaller than vacuum tubes
2. Need no warm up time
3. Consumed less energy
4. Generated much less heat
5. Faster
6. More reliable
a small devices
use to transfer
electronic signal
across a resistor
27. 27
Third Generation (1964 - 1971)
- IBM 370 series were introduced in 1964
- Silicone chip were manufactured in 1961
at the silicone valley
- Integrated circuit (IC) technology reduced
the size and cost of computers. It is a
complete electronic circuit or a small chip of
silicone = semiconductor
- IC reliable, compact and cheaper than
transistors
30. 30
Advantages:
• Silicone chips were
reliable, compact
and cheaper
• Sold hardware and
software separately
which created the
software industry
Software technology:
• More sophisticated
• Several programs run
at the same time
• Sharing computer
resources
• Support interactive
processing
third generations
31. 31
Fourth Generation (1971 –
Present)
• 1971, Intel created first
microprocessor
• 1976, Steve Jobs built
the first Apple computer
• 1981, IBM introduced its
first personal computer
• Hardware technology:
- Silicone chip
- Microprocessor
- Storage devices
• Apple Macintosh
• IBM
• DELL
• ACER
32. 33
Advantages:
• 100 times smaller than ENIAC (the first
computer)
• Faster
• Reliable
• Greater storage capacity
• Personal and software industry
boomed
Fourth generations
35. 36
Fifth generation
(present and beyond)
• Technologically advance
• Still being development to become
more efficient
• Inventions of new hardware
technology have grown rapidly
36. 37
New hardware technology:
• Silicone chips
• Processor
• Robotics
• Virtual reality
• Intelligent system
• Programs which translate
languages
41. 42
1st
generation (1940-1956)
• Vacuum tubes an electronic tube made
of glass used as computer components to
store and process data
• ENIAC and UNIAC were invented
2nd
generation computers (1956-1963)
• Transistors small devices that transfer
electronic signal across resistor
• Transistor is faster, cheaper and smaller
than vacuum tubes
42. 43
3rd
generation (1964-1971)
• Integrated circuits (IC) replaced transistor
• An IC a complete electronic circuit on a
small chip made of silicone
• Reliable, compact and cheaper than
transistors
4th
generation (1971-present)
• Microprocessor by Intel specialized chip
developed for computer memory and logic
• Computer is 100 times smaller than ENIAC
43. 44
5th
generation computer (present – beyond)
• Based on artificial intelligence
• Still in development though there are some
applications such as voice recognition that are
being used today
New Era (after 5th
gen and beyond)
• Technology of computer has become more
advanced, modern and sophisticated
• Expert system (teleconferencing and speech-
recognition system) have been invented as part
of modern world communication tools
• Supercomputers, mainframes, PC, mobile comp
44. 45
Usage Of ICT in DailyUsage Of ICT in Daily
LifeLife
Computer plays major
roles in our daily lives.
We need computers to
assists us in
completing various
tasks and jobs
Can you list down the usage of
ICT in these fields:
1) Education
2) Banking
3) Industry
4) Business
45. 46
Computer is used in
education sector because
they can offer :-
enhanced learning
cognitive development
interactive experiences
Education
46. 47
Education
Teacher - Teacher uses computers to
research for teaching materials, participate
in online forums and online conferences as
well as to aid their teaching
Students – As a reference tool.
- Browse the internet to look for
information
Researchers – Collect and process
data
School administrators- For
administrative purposes to make sure that
the entire operations runs smoothly
47. 48
Banking
Customers – Transactions at the 24 hour
service centers or via online. Allowed
them to do transaction at anytime they
want.
Businessmen – save their time by using
the online services offered by banks
Bank administrators – oversee the entire
banking activities such as
reconciliations, inter-branch transaction
(IBT), telegraphic transfer and others by
referring to the banking system
48. 49
Industry
Workers, Researchers – Analyze and
collect research data for future
reference.
Administrators – Oversee the entire
operations in the plant or factory to
detect specific errors or defects that
occurred in the process.
49. 50
Business
Customers – Connected online with suppliers
to purchase products
Suppliers – Keep track of their transactions.
All products are bar coded and can be read by
the computer scanner to help in determining
prices and managing inventory.
Employees – Communicate with their
customers for any enquiries. The system helps
employees to get the latest updates on
inventory to be informed to the customers
54. 55
The evolution of man and
machine happened hundreds of
years ago
Computerised system happened
only less than a century ago
Many tasks can now be
accomplished easily via the
computerised system
55. 56
Education before ICT Education with ICT
Not Interactive / Boring Interactive
Ordinary teaching and
learning
Enhance teaching and
learning
Teacher centered Student centered
Teaching and learning
must be in one to one (
face to face )
Not necessary ( e.g. video
conference, yahoo video
massager )
56. 57
Banking before
ICT
Banking after
ICT
Banking was done
manually by taking
deposits directly
All transactions are
done by computers
Transactions can
only be made
during working
hour
Transaction can be
done at anytime and
place.
Takes time to
approve any loan
applications
Online services,
phone banking
system, credit cards
are available
57. 58
Industry before ICT Industry after ICT
Industry was slow because
everything was done
manually and totally
depended on human labor
Computers and
telecommunications industry
became very popular and
profitable since production can
be increased through an all day
operator
58. 59
Commerce before ICT Commerce after ICT
Using the barter system and it was
then later developed into currency.
E-commerce. It includes distribution,
buying, selling and servicing
products that are done electronically.
Advertisement was in the form of word
of mouth, billboards and printed flyers.
Trading globally was extremely slow,
late and expensive. Traders had to find
ways to market global products in the
global market.
59. 60
The differences between computerized
and non-computerized systems
COMPUTERIZED
• All banking activities
are done by using
computer system
• Transaction can be
done anywhere and
anytime
• It takes shorten time
for any banking
process
• More productive.
NON-COMPUTERIZED
• All banking activities
were done manually
• Transaction can only
be made during
working hours
• It takes long time for
any banking process
• Less productive
60. • Two disadvantages using ICT in banking
– Fraud
– Fully depend on ICT equipment – system /
network down – transaction terminated
66. 72
Q3
Positive impacts
• Faster communication
speed
• Lower communication
cost
• Can share opinions and
information
• Paperless environment
• Information and
communication
borderless through
internet
Negative impacts
• Courage people to
access pornography
and violence web sites
• Can harm uses for
long hours used