1. 1
ICT F4 Lesson 1

2. 2
How our ancestor used
to disperse
information to
others?
ICT F4 Lesson 1

3. 3
Back to the past…
• In the early year of Tanah Melayu
‘Beduk’ play an important role
• The Headman of the village
announced any news, be it birth,
death, time of prayers
• Different rhythms signified different
events

4. 4

5. 5

6. 6
• ICT is the technology required
for information processing
• use of electronic computers,
communication devices and
software applications
• convert, store, protect, process,
transmit and retrieve information
What is
ICT?

7. 7
Information
knowledge obtained from
reading, investigation, study
or research
telephone, television and
radio
to make decisions and to
predict the future
knowledge and helps us to
fulfill our daily tasks

8. 8
Communication
• an act of transmitting messages
• a process whereby information is
exchanged between individuals using
symbols, signs or verbal interactions
• internet, e-mail or video conferencing
How did people beforeus communicate?

9. 9
Technology
• the use of scientific knowledge,
experience and resources to create
processes and product that fulfill
human needs
• Aiding Communication - telephone and
fax machines are used in extending
communication
• Spreading Information – To broadcast
information such as news or weather
reports effectively (Radio, television, satellites and the world
wide web (www))

10. 10
3500BCSumerians created
cuneiform writing
1500BCPhoenicians developed
the
alphabet
Timeline for the development of technology

11. 11
105 BC Tsai Lun of China
invented paper
1454 printing machine

12. 12
1793telegraph line
1876telephone
1925television

13. 13
1941  computer
1958photocopier
machine

14. 14
1963communication
satellite
1969  first Internet
(ARPANET)

15. 15
Any questions
so far?

16. 16
Definition of
ICT?

17. ICT  the technology required for
information processing, in
particular, the use electronics
computers, communication devices and
application software to convert,
store, protect, process, transmit
and retrieve information from
anywhere, anytime

18. 18
Evolution of
Computer
ICT F4 Lesson 2

19. The early years
First generation
Second generation
Fifth generation
Third generation
Fourth generation
New era generation

20. 20
First generation (1940-1956)
• Vacuum tubes was introduced  an
electronic tube made of glass used as
computer components to store and
process data
• ENIAC (Electronic Numerical Integrator and Computer)
 use vacuum tube instead of mechanical
switches of the MARK 1
• 1951 UNIVAC (Universal Automatic Computer) which
could calculate at the rate of 10,000
addition per seconds

21. 21
Presper Eckert Willian
Mauchly
MARK 1
Vacume Tube
ENIAC

22. 22
• New technology were needed in the
invention of technology
a) Vacuum tube – an electronic tube about
the size of light bulbs. It was used as the
internal computer components. Thousands
of them were used
b) Punched card – used to store data
c) Magnetic tape – introduced in 1957. It is
used to store data. A faster
and more compact method
of storing data

23. 23
Magnetic tape
Punched card

24. 24
Problems:
• The vacuum tubes generated great
deal of heat causing many problems in
temperature regulation and climate
control
• The tubes burnt out frequently

25. 25
Second generations
(1956-1963)

26. 26
TRANSISTOR
The advantages of transistor:
1. Smaller than vacuum tubes
2. Need no warm up time
3. Consumed less energy
4. Generated much less heat
5. Faster
6. More reliable
a small devices
use to transfer
electronic signal
across a resistor

27. 27
Third Generation (1964 - 1971)
- IBM 370 series were introduced in 1964
- Silicone chip were manufactured in 1961
at the silicone valley
- Integrated circuit (IC) technology  reduced
the size and cost of computers. It is a
complete electronic circuit or a small chip of
silicone = semiconductor
- IC  reliable, compact and cheaper than
transistors

28. 28
IBM 370
Integrated
Circuit

29. 29
Silicone chips

30. 30
Advantages:
• Silicone chips were
reliable, compact
and cheaper
• Sold hardware and
software separately
which created the
software industry
Software technology:
• More sophisticated
• Several programs run
at the same time
• Sharing computer
resources
• Support interactive
processing
third generations

31. 31
Fourth Generation (1971 –
Present)
• 1971, Intel created first
microprocessor
• 1976, Steve Jobs built
the first Apple computer
• 1981, IBM introduced its
first personal computer
• Hardware technology:
- Silicone chip
- Microprocessor
- Storage devices
• Apple Macintosh
• IBM
• DELL
• ACER

32. 33
Advantages:
• 100 times smaller than ENIAC (the first
computer)
• Faster
• Reliable
• Greater storage capacity
• Personal and software industry
boomed
Fourth generations

33. 34
Steve
Jobs
Bill
Gates
Micheal Dell

34. 35
microprocess
or

35. 36
Fifth generation
(present and beyond)
• Technologically advance
• Still being development to become
more efficient
• Inventions of new hardware
technology have grown rapidly

36. 37
New hardware technology:
• Silicone chips
• Processor
• Robotics
• Virtual reality
• Intelligent system
• Programs which translate
languages

37. 38
New Era
Computer
supercomputers mainframes

38. 39
Personal
Computers
Mobile Computer

39. 40
Anymore
questions so
far?
NO??
ThenIhave
question
foryou…
Describe the
brief
evolutionof
computer

40. 41

41. 42
1st
generation (1940-1956)
• Vacuum tubes an electronic tube made
of glass used as computer components to
store and process data
• ENIAC and UNIAC were invented
2nd
generation computers (1956-1963)
• Transistors  small devices that transfer
electronic signal across resistor
• Transistor is faster, cheaper and smaller
than vacuum tubes

42. 43
3rd
generation (1964-1971)
• Integrated circuits (IC) replaced transistor
• An IC  a complete electronic circuit on a
small chip made of silicone
• Reliable, compact and cheaper than
transistors
4th
generation (1971-present)
• Microprocessor by Intel  specialized chip
developed for computer memory and logic
• Computer is 100 times smaller than ENIAC

43. 44
5th
generation computer (present – beyond)
• Based on artificial intelligence
• Still in development though there are some
applications such as voice recognition that are
being used today
New Era (after 5th
gen and beyond)
• Technology of computer has become more
advanced, modern and sophisticated
• Expert system (teleconferencing and speech-
recognition system) have been invented as part
of modern world communication tools
• Supercomputers, mainframes, PC, mobile comp

44. 45
Usage Of ICT in DailyUsage Of ICT in Daily
LifeLife
Computer plays major
roles in our daily lives.
We need computers to
assists us in
completing various
tasks and jobs
Can you list down the usage of
ICT in these fields:
1) Education
2) Banking
3) Industry
4) Business

45. 46
Computer is used in
education sector because
they can offer :-
enhanced learning
cognitive development
interactive experiences
Education

46. 47
Education
 Teacher - Teacher uses computers to
research for teaching materials, participate
in online forums and online conferences as
well as to aid their teaching
 Students – As a reference tool.
- Browse the internet to look for
information
 Researchers – Collect and process
data
 School administrators- For
administrative purposes to make sure that
the entire operations runs smoothly

47. 48
Banking
Customers – Transactions at the 24 hour
service centers or via online. Allowed
them to do transaction at anytime they
want.
Businessmen – save their time by using
the online services offered by banks
Bank administrators – oversee the entire
banking activities such as
reconciliations, inter-branch transaction
(IBT), telegraphic transfer and others by
referring to the banking system

48. 49
Industry
 Workers, Researchers – Analyze and
collect research data for future
reference.
 Administrators – Oversee the entire
operations in the plant or factory to
detect specific errors or defects that
occurred in the process.

49. 50
Business
 Customers – Connected online with suppliers
to purchase products
 Suppliers – Keep track of their transactions.
All products are bar coded and can be read by
the computer scanner to help in determining
prices and managing inventory.
 Employees – Communicate with their
customers for any enquiries. The system helps
employees to get the latest updates on
inventory to be informed to the customers

50. 51

51. 52
ICT F4 Lesson 1

52. 53
COMPUTERISED & NON-COMPUTERISED SYSTEM

53. 54
COMPUTERISED & NON-COMPUTERISED SYSTEM

54. 55
The evolution of man and
machine happened hundreds of
years ago
Computerised system happened
only less than a century ago
Many tasks can now be
accomplished easily via the
computerised system

55. 56
Education before ICT Education with ICT
Not Interactive / Boring Interactive
Ordinary teaching and
learning
Enhance teaching and
learning
Teacher centered Student centered
Teaching and learning
must be in one to one (
face to face )
Not necessary ( e.g. video
conference, yahoo video
massager )

56. 57
Banking before
ICT
Banking after
ICT
Banking was done
manually by taking
deposits directly
All transactions are
done by computers
Transactions can
only be made
during working
hour
Transaction can be
done at anytime and
place.
Takes time to
approve any loan
applications
Online services,
phone banking
system, credit cards
are available

57. 58
Industry before ICT Industry after ICT
Industry was slow because
everything was done
manually and totally
depended on human labor
Computers and
telecommunications industry
became very popular and
profitable since production can
be increased through an all day
operator

58. 59
Commerce before ICT Commerce after ICT
Using the barter system and it was
then later developed into currency.
E-commerce. It includes distribution,
buying, selling and servicing
products that are done electronically.
Advertisement was in the form of word
of mouth, billboards and printed flyers.
Trading globally was extremely slow,
late and expensive. Traders had to find
ways to market global products in the
global market.

59. 60
The differences between computerized
and non-computerized systems
COMPUTERIZED
• All banking activities
are done by using
computer system
• Transaction can be
done anywhere and
anytime
• It takes shorten time
for any banking
process
• More productive.
NON-COMPUTERIZED
• All banking activities
were done manually
• Transaction can only
be made during
working hours
• It takes long time for
any banking process
• Less productive

60. • Two disadvantages using ICT in banking
– Fraud
– Fully depend on ICT equipment – system /
network down – transaction terminated

61. 62
ICT F4 Lesson 1

62. 63

63. 65
Faster communication
speed

64. 67
Lower communication
cost

65. 71
State the impact of ICT on
society
Test your
memory…

66. 72
Q3
Positive impacts
• Faster communication
speed
• Lower communication
cost
• Can share opinions and
information
• Paperless environment
• Information and
communication
borderless through
internet
Negative impacts
• Courage people to
access pornography
and violence web sites
• Can harm uses for
long hours used