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- 1. What we talk about when we talk about Argument
- 2. Let’s start with a claim
- 3. ALL bicycles have two wheels
- 4. ALL bicycles have two wheels This is my bicycle.
- 5. ALL bicycles have two wheels This is my bicycle. My bicycle has 2 wheels.
- 6. A Syllogism
- 7. A Syllogism All bicycles have 2 wheels Premise
- 8. A Syllogism All bicycles have 2 wheels Premise This is a bicyclePremise
- 9. A Syllogism All bicycles have 2 wheels Premise This is a bicyclePremise (Therefore) it has 2 wheels. Conclusion
- 10. A Syllogism All bicycles have 2 wheels Premise This is a bicyclePremise (Therefore) it has 2 wheels. ConclusionVALID
- 11. A Syllogism
- 15. vs.
- 16. VALID vs.
- 17. VALID TRUE vs.
- 18. Mr. Stearns is rich. A Syllogism All teachers are richPremise Mr. Stearns is a teacher.Premise ???Conclusion
- 19. Mr. Stearns is rich. A Syllogism All teachers are richPremise Mr. Stearns is a teacher.Premise Conclusion
- 20. Mr. Stearns is rich. A Syllogism All teachers are richPremise Mr. Stearns is a teacher.Premise ConclusionVALID
- 21. Mr. Stearns is rich. A Syllogism All teachers are richPremise Mr. Stearns is a teacher.Premise Conclusion NOT RUE
- 25. Milo is fuzzy. A Syllogism Premise Premise ??? Conclusion All puppies are fuzzy Milo is a puppy.
- 26. Milo is fuzzy. A Syllogism Premise Premise Conclusion All puppies are fuzzy Milo is a puppy.
- 27. Milo is fuzzy. A Syllogism Premise Premise Conclusion All puppies are fuzzy Milo is a puppy. VALID
- 31. Milo doesn’t care A Syllogism? Premise Premise Conclusion All Honey Badgers don’t care Milo is a honey badger
- 32. Milo doesn’t care A Syllogism? Premise Premise Conclusion All Honey Badgers don’t care Milo is a honey badgerINVALID
- 33. A Syllogism
- 37. Milo doesn’t care A Syllogism? Premise Premise Conclusion All Honey Badgers don’t care Milo is a honey badger
- 38. Milo doesn’t care A Syllogism? Premise Premise Conclusion All Honey Badgers don’t care Milo is a honey badgerINVALID
- 47. Create 5 Syllogisms: 3 valid 2 invalid
- 48. Let’s continue with a different claim
- 49. We should build a colony on Mars.
- 50. 1) It would be cool. 2) It could save humanity. 3) It would inspire us to achieve great things. Because...
- 51. 1) It would be cool. Implied assumption: We should do all things that are cool. Because...
- 52. 2) It could save humanity. Implied assumption: ???? Because...
- 53. 3) It would inspire us to achieve great things. Implied assumption: ???? Because...
- 54. Stephen Toulmin
- 55. Terms:
- 56. Terms: Claim
- 59. Terms: Claim Reason Warrant Used to be called “implied assumption”
- 61. Example: Claim Reason Warrant I shouldn’t have to take Algebra
- 62. Example: Claim Reason Warrant I shouldn’t have to take Algebra because I want to be a lawyer
- 63. Example: Claim Reason Warrant I shouldn’t have to take Algebra because I want to be a lawyer People who want to be lawyers shouldn’t have to take Algebra
- 65. Your Turn: Claim Reason Warrant You should have to take algebra...
- 66. Your Turn: Claim Reason Warrant You should have to take algebra... ??????
- 67. Your Turn: Claim Reason Warrant You should have to take algebra... ?????? ??????
- 68. An Argument: Parents should not allow their kids to own cellphones ...because they prevent kids from developing empathy. Reason Claim
- 69. An Argument: Parents should not allow their kids to own cellphones ...because they prevent kids from developing empathy. Reason Claim Warrant Parents should ban anything that prevents kids from developing empathy.
- 70. An Argument: Parents should not allow their kids to own cellphones ...because they prevent kids from developing empathy. Reason Claim Grounds •testimony from kids •research connecting technology use with negative behavior on-and offline
- 71. SYLLOGISM Parents should not allow their kids to own cellphones Cellphones prevent kids from developing empathy. Parents should not allow things that prevent kids from developing empathy. Reason Claim Warrant
- 72. SYLLOGISM Parents should not allow their kids to own cellphones Cellphones prevent kids from developing empathy. Parents should not allow things that prevent kids from developing empathy.
- 73. SYLLOGISM Parents should not allow their kids to own cellphones Cellphones prevent kids from developing empathy. Parents should not allow things that prevent kids from developing empathy.
- 74. SYLLOGISM Parents should not allow their kids to own cellphones Cellphones prevent kids from developing empathy. Parents should not allow things that prevent kids from developing empathy.
- 75. An Argument: Parents should not allow their kids to own cellphones Cellphones prevent kids from developing empathy. Reason Claim Grounds
- 76. An Argument: Parents should not allow their kids to own cellphones Cellphones prevent kids from developing empathy. Reason Claim Grounds Grounds provide EVIDENCE to support the reason.
- 77. An Argument: Parents should not allow their kids to own cellphones Cellphones prevent kids from developing empathy. Reason Claim Grounds •testimony from kids •research connecting technology use with negative behavior on-and offline Grounds provide EVIDENCE to support the reason.
- 79. So Far: Claim Reason Warrant Parents should not allow their kids to own cellphones
- 80. So Far: Claim Reason Warrant Parents should not allow their kids to own cellphones Cellphones prevent kids from developing empathy.
- 81. So Far: Claim Reason Warrant Parents should not allow their kids to own cellphones Cellphones prevent kids from developing empathy. We should never prevent kids from developing empathy.
- 82. So Far: Claim Reason Warrant Backing Statistics that show that empathetic kids are happier adults.
- 83. So Far: Claim Reason Warrant Parents should not allow their kids to own cellphones Backing Statistics that show that empathetic kids are happier adults.
- 84. So Far: Claim Reason Warrant Parents should not allow their kids to own cellphones ...because they prevent kids from developing empathy. Backing Statistics that show that empathetic kids are happier adults.
- 85. So Far: Claim Reason Warrant Parents should not allow their kids to own cellphones ...because they prevent kids from developing empathy. Developing empathy is an crucial element of growing up that parents should nurture. Backing Statistics that show that empathetic kids are happier adults.
- 86. So Far: Claim Reason Warrant Parents should not allow their kids to own cellphones ...because they prevent kids from developing empathy. Developing empathy is an crucial element of growing up that parents should nurture. Backing Statistics that show that empathetic kids are happier adults.
- 87. So Far: Claim Reason Warrant ...because they prevent kids from developing empathy. Developing empathy is an crucial element of growing up that parents should nurture. Backing Statistics that show that empathetic kids are happier adults.
- 88. So Far: Claim Reason Warrant ...because they prevent kids from developing empathy. Developing empathy is an crucial element of growing up that parents should nurture. Backing Statistics that show that empathetic kids are happier adults.
- 89. So Far: Claim Reason WarrantDeveloping empathy is an crucial element of growing up that parents should nurture. Backing Statistics that show that empathetic kids are happier adults.
- 90. So Far: Claim Reason Warrant Backing Statistics that show that empathetic kids are happier adults.
- 91. So Far: Claim Reason Warrant Backing Statistics that show that empathetic kids are happier adults. OR…Empathetic kids are happier adults.
- 92. So Far: Claim Reason Warrant Backing Statistics that show that empathetic kids are happier adults. ??? OR…Empathetic kids are happier adults.
- 93. So Far: Claim Reason Warrant Backing Statistics that show that empathetic kids are happier adults. ??? ??? OR…Empathetic kids are happier adults.
- 94. So Far: Claim Reason Warrant Backing Statistics that show that empathetic kids are happier adults. ??? ??? ??? OR…Empathetic kids are happier adults.
- 95. Almost Done
- 97. Two More terms: Rebuttal The opposing argument against your claim
- 98. Two More terms: Rebuttal Cellphones should be allowed because they help kids connect with their peers.
- 99. Two More terms: The degree to which you are confident in your claim. Qualifier
- 100. Two More terms: Cellphones should DEFINITELY be banned Qualifier
- 101. Two More terms: Cellphones should POSSIBLY be banned Qualifier
- 102. Two More terms: We should consider whether cellphones should be banned. Qualifier
- 104. OK, your turn: Warrant Backing Grounds Reason Claim Rebuttal Qualifier All students should be required to take AP Language in order to graduate.