American Music
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The music of the United States is so cool! It reflects the country’s multicultural population through a diverse array of styles. Rock and roll, hip hop, country, rhythm and blues, and jazz are among the country’s most internationally renowned genres. Since the beginning of the 20th century, popular recorded music from the United States has become increasingly known across the world, to the point where some forms of American popular music is listened to almost everywhere. A history and an introduction in the ethnic music in the United States, American Indian music, classical music, folk music, hip hop, march music, popular music, patriotic music, as well as the American pop, rock, barbershop music, bluegrass music, blues, bounce music, Doo-wop, gospel, heavy metal, jazz, R&B, and the North American Western music.
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American Music
- 2. American Music Nicolae Sfetcu Published by Nicolae Sfetcu © 2021 Nicolae Sfetcu
- 3. NICOLAE SFETCU: AMERICAN MUSIC 2 The book is made by organizing Telework articles (main sources: my own articles, Wikipedia under the CC BY-SA 3.0 license adapted by Nicolae Sfetcu, and other sources). Text license: CC BY-SA 3.0 The information in this book (licensed under the GNU Free Documentation License) is from 2006 and has not been updated. DISCLAIMER: The author and publisher are providing this book and its contents on an “as is” basis and make no representations or warranties of any kind with respect to this book or its contents. The author and publisher disclaim all such representations and warranties for a particular purpose. In addition, the author and publisher do not represent or warrant that the information accessible via this book is accurate, complete or current. Except as specifically stated in this book, neither the author or publisher, nor any authors, contributors, or other representatives will be liable for damages arising out of or in connection with the use of this book. This is a comprehensive limitation of liability that applies to all damages of any kind, including (without limitation) compensatory; direct, indirect or consequential damages, including for third parties. You understand that this book is not intended as a substitute for consultation with a licensed, educational, legal or finance professional. Before you use it in any way, you will consult a licensed professional to ensure that you are doing what’s best for your situation. This book provides content related to educational topics. As such, use of this book implies your acceptance of this disclaimer.
- 4. NICOLAE SFETCU: AMERICAN MUSIC 3 Contents American Music..............................................................................................................................................1 American Music........................................................................................................................................... 17 Music of the US............................................................................................................................................. 18 Characteristics.................................................................................................................................... 18 Folk music ............................................................................................................................................ 18 Classical music.................................................................................................................................... 20 Popular music..................................................................................................................................... 22 Music industry.................................................................................................................................... 30 Music education................................................................................................................................. 31 Holidays and festivals...................................................................................................................... 31 References............................................................................................................................................ 32 Notes....................................................................................................................................................... 33 Further reading.................................................................................................................................. 35 American Indian music........................................................................................................................ 36 Chicken scratch....................................................................................................................................... 36 Notes....................................................................................................................................................... 37 Further reading.................................................................................................................................. 37 Dene music ............................................................................................................................................... 37 Ghost Dance.............................................................................................................................................. 37 Historical foundations..................................................................................................................... 38 Jack Wilson's vision.......................................................................................................................... 39 Role in Wounded Knee Massacre................................................................................................ 40 Anthropological perspectives....................................................................................................... 41 Movements with similarities ........................................................................................................ 43 References............................................................................................................................................ 43 Further reading.................................................................................................................................. 44 Innu music ................................................................................................................................................ 44 Inuit music................................................................................................................................................ 44 Katajjaq.................................................................................................................................................. 45 Source .................................................................................................................................................... 46
- 5. NICOLAE SFETCU: AMERICAN MUSIC 4 Reference.............................................................................................................................................. 46 Iroquois music......................................................................................................................................... 46 Kiowa music............................................................................................................................................. 47 Source .................................................................................................................................................... 47 Kwakiutl music........................................................................................................................................ 47 Maroon music.......................................................................................................................................... 48 Native American flute........................................................................................................................... 48 History................................................................................................................................................... 48 Construction........................................................................................................................................ 48 Music ...................................................................................................................................................... 49 Films....................................................................................................................................................... 50 Native American hip hop..................................................................................................................... 50 Other rappers...................................................................................................................................... 50 References............................................................................................................................................ 50 Notes....................................................................................................................................................... 50 Native American music........................................................................................................................ 51 Folk song............................................................................................................................................... 51 Traditional music cultures............................................................................................................. 52 Pan-tribalism....................................................................................................................................... 56 References............................................................................................................................................ 57 Navajo music............................................................................................................................................ 58 Contemporary popular.................................................................................................................... 58 Traditional ........................................................................................................................................... 58 Peyote songs........................................................................................................................................ 59 Source .................................................................................................................................................... 59 Peyote song............................................................................................................................................... 59 Source .................................................................................................................................................... 60 Pueblo music............................................................................................................................................ 60 Source .................................................................................................................................................... 60 Sioux music............................................................................................................................................... 60 Yuman music............................................................................................................................................ 61 Source .................................................................................................................................................... 61 Further reading.................................................................................................................................. 61
- 6. NICOLAE SFETCU: AMERICAN MUSIC 5 American classical music .................................................................................................................... 61 Beginnings............................................................................................................................................ 61 Second New England School......................................................................................................... 62 Joplin ...................................................................................................................................................... 62 20th century........................................................................................................................................ 63 Glass........................................................................................................................................................ 63 American folk music.............................................................................................................................. 64 American Primitivism .......................................................................................................................... 64 Quotes.................................................................................................................................................... 65 Cajun music .............................................................................................................................................. 65 Lyrics...................................................................................................................................................... 65 Instruments ......................................................................................................................................... 65 Dance and festivals........................................................................................................................... 66 Jug band ..................................................................................................................................................... 66 Old-time music........................................................................................................................................ 68 History................................................................................................................................................... 68 Instrumentation................................................................................................................................. 69 Old-time music as dance music.................................................................................................... 70 Learning old-time music................................................................................................................. 70 Regional styles.................................................................................................................................... 71 Notes....................................................................................................................................................... 73 Films....................................................................................................................................................... 74 Skiffle .......................................................................................................................................................... 74 Skiffle bands ........................................................................................................................................ 75 String band ............................................................................................................................................... 75 American hip hop................................................................................................................................... 75 The East Coast..................................................................................................................................... 75 Midwest................................................................................................................................................. 77 The South.............................................................................................................................................. 78 The West and West Coast............................................................................................................... 79 East Coast hip hop.................................................................................................................................. 80 Old school hip hop (1970–1986) ................................................................................................ 81 The Golden Age of Hip Hop (1986–1993) ............................................................................... 82
- 7. NICOLAE SFETCU: AMERICAN MUSIC 6 Modern Hip Hop (1993–Present) ............................................................................................... 84 Musical style & Regional difference ........................................................................................... 86 Southern rap ............................................................................................................................................ 87 History and rise to popularity...................................................................................................... 87 Typical features.................................................................................................................................. 88 West Coast hip hop................................................................................................................................ 89 Origins and Early Success .............................................................................................................. 89 The First Great Divide: East vs. West......................................................................................... 90 The Second Great Divide: Commercial vs. Underground................................................... 91 The Third Generation of the West Coast.................................................................................. 91 American march music ........................................................................................................................ 92 History................................................................................................................................................... 92 The John Philip Sousa Revolution............................................................................................... 94 March Music Composers................................................................................................................. 94 Famous Marches................................................................................................................................ 95 Musicality and the March Music Form...................................................................................... 96 Difficulty..............................................................................................................................................102 Instrumentation...............................................................................................................................103 Marches in Culture..........................................................................................................................103 References..........................................................................................................................................103 American popular music ...................................................................................................................104 Early popular song..........................................................................................................................104 Early recorded popular music....................................................................................................107 1950s and 60s...................................................................................................................................110 1970s and 80s...................................................................................................................................114 1990s to the present ......................................................................................................................118 International and social impact.................................................................................................119 References..........................................................................................................................................120 Notes.....................................................................................................................................................121 Further reading................................................................................................................................123 American patriotic music..................................................................................................................123 Music history of the United States......................................................................................................125 American roots music....................................................................................................................125
- 8. NICOLAE SFETCU: AMERICAN MUSIC 7 Popular music...................................................................................................................................127 1940s and 1950s .............................................................................................................................128 1960s and 70s...................................................................................................................................131 1970s....................................................................................................................................................132 1980s and 90s...................................................................................................................................134 Minstrel show........................................................................................................................................135 History.................................................................................................................................................135 Structure.............................................................................................................................................141 Characters ..........................................................................................................................................142 Music and dance...............................................................................................................................146 Legacy..................................................................................................................................................147 Notes.....................................................................................................................................................148 References..........................................................................................................................................150 Ethnic music in the United States.......................................................................................................151 African American music ....................................................................................................................151 19th century......................................................................................................................................151 Early 20th century ..........................................................................................................................151 Mid 20th century.............................................................................................................................152 The 1970s and 1980s.....................................................................................................................153 The 1990s and 2000s.....................................................................................................................154 References..........................................................................................................................................154 Anglo-American music.......................................................................................................................154 References..........................................................................................................................................155 Notes.....................................................................................................................................................155 Celtic music in the United States....................................................................................................155 Irish American Music.....................................................................................................................156 References..........................................................................................................................................156 Notes.....................................................................................................................................................156 Further reading................................................................................................................................157 Latin music in the United States.....................................................................................................157 Present day Latin music................................................................................................................158 Music of immigrant communities in the United States .........................................................158 Armenia...............................................................................................................................................158
- 9. NICOLAE SFETCU: AMERICAN MUSIC 8 Cape Verde.........................................................................................................................................159 China.....................................................................................................................................................159 Czech ....................................................................................................................................................159 Eastern European Jews.................................................................................................................159 England................................................................................................................................................159 Philippines .........................................................................................................................................159 France ..................................................................................................................................................160 Germany..............................................................................................................................................160 Greece ..................................................................................................................................................160 Iran........................................................................................................................................................160 Ireland..................................................................................................................................................161 Italy.......................................................................................................................................................162 Jamaica ................................................................................................................................................162 Japan.....................................................................................................................................................162 Norway................................................................................................................................................162 Poland..................................................................................................................................................162 Serbia and Montenegro.................................................................................................................163 Slovenia...............................................................................................................................................163 Ukraine................................................................................................................................................163 Vietnam...............................................................................................................................................163 Tejano music..........................................................................................................................................163 American styles of music .......................................................................................................................166 American pop.........................................................................................................................................166 References..........................................................................................................................................166 American rock .......................................................................................................................................167 1950s....................................................................................................................................................167 1960s....................................................................................................................................................168 1970s....................................................................................................................................................170 1980s....................................................................................................................................................171 2000s....................................................................................................................................................172 Barbershop music................................................................................................................................172 Ringing chords..................................................................................................................................173 Historical origins .............................................................................................................................174
- 10. NICOLAE SFETCU: AMERICAN MUSIC 9 Female Barbershop music and "Beautyshop" quartets....................................................175 Organization......................................................................................................................................175 Notable artists ..................................................................................................................................177 Typical Barbershop Songs ...........................................................................................................178 References..........................................................................................................................................179 Bluegrass music....................................................................................................................................179 Characteristics..................................................................................................................................179 History.................................................................................................................................................180 Subgenres...........................................................................................................................................183 Social and musical impact............................................................................................................183 Bluegrass in movies........................................................................................................................183 Publications.......................................................................................................................................184 Publications with bluegrass content........................................................................................184 Museums.............................................................................................................................................184 References..........................................................................................................................................184 Czech bluegrass.....................................................................................................................................185 Background........................................................................................................................................185 The First Generation ......................................................................................................................185 Second Generation: The Progressive Impulse .....................................................................186 (Neo-)Traditionalism.....................................................................................................................186 Current Scene....................................................................................................................................187 Blues..........................................................................................................................................................187 Characteristics..................................................................................................................................187 History.................................................................................................................................................190 Musical impact..................................................................................................................................196 Social impact .....................................................................................................................................198 References..........................................................................................................................................198 Further reading................................................................................................................................198 Notes.....................................................................................................................................................199 Chicago blues.........................................................................................................................................200 Detroit blues...........................................................................................................................................202 Louisiana blues .....................................................................................................................................202 Louisiana blues musicians...........................................................................................................202
- 11. NICOLAE SFETCU: AMERICAN MUSIC 10 Memphis blues ......................................................................................................................................203 Memphis blues musicians............................................................................................................203 New Orleans blues...............................................................................................................................204 Piedmont blues .....................................................................................................................................205 St. Louis blues........................................................................................................................................205 Texas blues .............................................................................................................................................206 Performers.........................................................................................................................................206 West Coast blues ..................................................................................................................................207 Bounce music.........................................................................................................................................207 Chicano rock...........................................................................................................................................208 Overview...........................................................................................................................................