5. B.U.L.L.Y
• “Bully” is a major nightmare in the
education system throughout the
world.
• “Bully” is an aggressive attitude
done by a person to the others
repeatedly either individually or in a
group. (Smith dan Sharp, 1994).
5
6. Social Cognitive Theory
• Humans can learn by
observing and modeling
others, specially those
that they identify with.
• Classic 'Bobo Doll'
studies demonstrated
observational learning
and impact on violent
behavior in children.
• Bandura originally called
this theory
Observational
Learning Theory
or
Social Learning
theory.
9. Bandura also found
that the children
exposed to the
aggressive model
were more likely to
act in verbally
aggressive ways
than those who were
not exposed to the
aggressive model. 9
10. Bobo Study: Key Findings
• After viewing adults strike and kick a Bobo doll,
children would imitate the behavior in another
environment.
• Suggests that the violence could be imitated by
viewers.
• Results showed 88% of the children imitated
aggressive behavior following the viewing of the
tape of adults acting aggressively towards the doll.
• 8 months later 40% of the same children reproduced
11. Four Key Processes in
Social Learning
Bandura formulated his findings in a four-step pattern which
combines a cognitive view and an operant view of learning.
• Attention
• Retention
• Reproduction
• Motivation
12. Step 1 – Attention
Something is
noticed in the 12
environment.
Observers must
pay attention to
learn.
Process influenced
by characteristics
13. Step 2 – Retention
Observer must
recognize and
remember the
behavior.
Process depends
on observers
ability to code
information.
14. Step 3 –
Reproduction
What observer
noticed is
duplicated by an
action.
Observer must be
physically and
intellectually
capable of
producing action.
15. Step 4 –
Motivation
Observer
performs
act.
Presence of
reinforceme
nt or
17. • Loujain
Hussain
• Eleven-
years-old
• Al Ma'ali International
Private School
• Abu Dhabi
• Was beaten up by 3 boys.
– refused to give her
pocket money away.
.
18. Articles on “bullying”
( In Malaysia)
NOR SAFRENA MAHMOOD, NOR AZLEN, RITA SUMANTY AND SULAIMAN MARIE'E TESL 4 SECTION 13
18
19. Five students nabbed in military college bullying case
(Update 2)
By EMBUN MAJID
KUALA LUMPUR: Five students of the Royal Military College have been detained over the death of a Form Four student allegedly due to bullying.
Kuala Lumpur Deputy OCPD Datuk Abdul Samah Mat said the Form 5 students were picked up by a team of provost marshals and handed over to
the police in Cheras at 6.30pm Thursday.
Speaking to reporters after attending the KL police contingent's monthly gathering here Friday Abdul Samah said police did not rule out that
bullying was the cause of the death of Mohammad Naim Mustaqim, 16.
"We are now waiting for the post-mortem report from the Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre," he said, according to Bernama.
A Ministry of Defence statement said that an incident resulting in the death of the student occurred between 11.30pm on Wednesday and 1.20am
Thursday.
Meanwhile, The Star's EMBUN MAJID reported from Baling, Kedah, that Mohammad Naim’s parents plan to sue the college for negligence.
His father, Mohamad Sobri Mohamad Sofian, 41, said that he felt that the incident that led to the death of his son could have been avoided if the
wardens or teachers at the college had taken heed of the bullying going on at the college. “Isn’t there a warden at the college who monitors any
form of bullying at the dormitory?” he asked when met at Kampung Baru, Mukim Siong here Friday.
Mohamad Sobri said that he would wait for the police investigation into the case before taking the legal step.
It was reported that Mohammad Naim Mustaqim was rushed to the camps infirmary for emergency treatment after he collapsed at about 12.15am
on Thursday.
He was pronounced dead about an hour later by medical officers on duty.
Sources said a senior student forced Mohammad Naim to do push ups while kicking his stomach and stepping on him at about 10.45pm.
The victim could not cope with the physical abuse and was bleeding through the nose, said sources.
City CID chief Senior Asst Comm Datuk Ku Chin Wah was quoted as saying that the victim was said to have difficulty standing up and walking after
doing the push- ups.
He fell and hit his head on the floor and lost consciousness, he said, adding that the case was investigated as murder.
Mohammad Naim's body was buried at Kampung Baru Muslim Cemetery at about 9pm on Thursday.
Meanwhile Mohammad Naim's mother Fauziah Abdul Wahab, 45, said the last time she saw her son was before the school holiday.
“He arrived home in his green army uniform which I had never had the chance to see since he enrolled at the school.
“He looked very handsome and that image will always be with me,” she said.
She said that Mohamad Naim also spent about RM100 from his allowance to buy a cake for an early Mothers’ Day celebration with her, something
he had never did before.
Fauziah said that her son enrolled at the college after scoring 5As during his Penilaian Menengah Rendah examination last year that he took when
studying at SMK Clifford in Kuala Kangsar, Perak.
“My son is a very good boy who had set a good example to his two younger brothers aged 14 and 11.
“I just hope that whoever responsible for his death would be penalised,” she said
NOR SAFRENA MAHMOOD, NOR AZLEN, RITA SUMANTY AND SULAIMAN MARIE'E TESL 4 SECTION 13
19
21. Definition:
• Bullying is a form of abuse. It involves repeated acts over time
attempting to create or enforce one person's (or a group's) power over
another person.
• Bullying is a relationship problem that requires relationship solutions:
• Those who bully are learning to use power aggressively to control and
distress others.
• Those who are victimized become trapped in an abusive relationship.
22. Conditions Surrounding
Bullying
• Children usually are bullied by one child or a small group
• Common locations: playground, classroom, lunchroom, halls, bathrooms
• Bullying is more common at school than on the way to/from school.
24. Indirect Bullying
• Getting another person to bully someone for
you.
• Spreading rumors
• Deliberately excluding someone from a group
or activity
• Cyber-bullying
25. Interrelated Reasons Why
Some Pupils Love To Bully:-
Bullying involves an imbalance of power or strength.
There are three interrelated reasons why students
bully.
1. Students who bully have strong needs for power
and (negative) dominance.
2. Students who bully find satisfaction in causing
injury and suffering to other students.
3. Students who bully are often rewarded in some
way for their behavior with material psychological
rewards.
NOR SAFRENA MAHMOOD, NOR AZLEN, RITA SUMANTY AND SULAIMAN MARIE'E
TESL 4 SECTION 13 25
26. Developmental Pathways of
Bullying In A Child.
(Long Term)
Marital Child Elder
Abuse Abuse Abuse
Gang/ Delinquency
Dating Aggression Workplace
Aggression Harassment
Sexual
Harassment
BULLYING
27. Children Who Bully are
More Likely to:
• Get into frequent fights
• Be injured in a fight
• Steal, vandalize property
• Drink alcohol
• Smoke
• Be truant, drop out of school
• Report poorer academic
achievement
• Perceive a negative climate at
school
• Carry a weapon
28. Characteristic of victim
1.Physically small, unpopular,
weak.
2.Low confident level.
3.Unfriendly.
4.Unwillingness to go to school.
5.Loneliness.
6.Low academic performance.
7.Bad tempered.
29. Children who are bullied
have:
• Lower self esteem
• Higher rates of depression
• Higher absenteeism rates
• More suicidal ideation
30. CAUSES OF BULLYING
There are some causes of bullying:-
To attract
people
attention.
To show
people their
. power and
influences.
Influences from
the media, (Tv-
violence)
31. • Unwilling to go to school
• Unwilling to discuss his/her school life.
• School work and academic results are worse than before.
• Coming home with wounds and torn clothes.
• Moody and does not have much interest in entertainment
• Nightmares
• Often locks him/herself in the bedroom for a long time.
• Waiting to get home to use the toilet.
• Becomes nervous when another child comes near.
• Becoming increasingly bad-tempered
• Phobia
32. Strategies to reduce bullying
in school
These are several ways which to reduce bullying in school:
1. School have problem box where student can report problems,
concerns and offer suggestions.
2. Help bullies with anger control and the development of
empathy
3. Encourage positive peer relations
4. Make sure parents knows what is happening
to their children.
5. Emphasize caring, respect and safety.
6. Improve communication among school
administrators, teachers, parents
and students.
33. What can Schools do to Stop
Bullying?
• Programs that educate children.
• Programs that focus on the social
environment of the school..
• Programs where bullying prevention
is not the sole responsibility of an
administrator, counselor, teacher
• Programs that name clear rules and
policies related to bullying
• Programs to increase adult
supervision in hot spots where
bullying occurs.
34. It can be difficult to deal with a bully. However, It is
more helpful when a bully’s parents and school are
involved trying to work on helping diffuse the
situation.? Or worse?
•First you should get your child’s input. -You need to be a safe
place your child can turn for help. Be open to your child
•Talk to the school authorities-Discuss the problem with your
child’s teacher, principal or counselor.
•Teach your child to avoid the bully- child does not need to
fight back. Encourage him or her to avoid the bully when possible.
•Encourage your child to be assertive-It is not necessary to
fight back to defeat a bully. You can teach your child to stand up
straight and tell the bully, firmly, to leave him or her alone.
•Practice with your child-practice what to say to a bully, or how
to leave a situation that could turn into bullying.
•Teach your child to move in groups-Have your child go to
school and other places with trusted and true friends.
35. Campaign Goals
• Raise awareness about bullying.
• Prevent and reduce bullying behaviors.
• Identify appropriate interventions for
“teens” and other target audiences.
• Foster and enhance linkages among
partners.
36. UNIT BIMBINGAN DAN KAUNSELING,
SK. SERI KUNDANG, RAWANG,
SELANGOR
36
NOR SAFRENA MAHMOOD, NOR AZLEN, RITA SUMANTY AND SULAIMAN MARIE'E TESL 4 SECTION 13
44. ONE OF THE RESPONDENTS
(WHO ALWAYS BEING BULLIED)
NAME : NUR SYUHADA ABD RAHMAN
AGE : 11 YEARS OLD
FROM BROKEN AND POOR FAMILY.
BROUGHT UP BY GRANDMOTHER.
WEAK LEARNER.
-WAS FORCED TO GIVE AWAY HER
POCKET MONEY TO THE BOYS IN YEAR 6.
- CALL HER WITH MANY NAMES.
-TEAR HER BOOKS AND BAG. 44
45. Summary
Many people deal with bullying, more often then
you see or hear about. Whether it is being
physical or emotional.
46.
47. Conclusion
When bullying continues and a school does not take action, the
entire school climate can be affected in the following ways:
• The school develops an environment of fear and disrespect
• Students have difficulty learning
• Students feel insecure
• Students dislike school
• Students perceive that teachers and staff have little control and
don't care about them
So help STOP The BULLYING!!!
49. Bibliography
• Cyberbullying - Teen Violence Statistics." Teen Violence Statistics - Violent Children, Youth, &
Adolescents. Teen Violence Statistics, 2009. Web. 15 June 2011.
<http://www.teenviolencestatistics.com/content/cyberbullying.html>.
• Hartnig, Sarah. "Student Bullying on Increase, Federal Statistics Reveal | Reporting and the
Internet." University Miami, School of Communication. Web. 15 June 2011.
<http://students.com.miami.edu/netreporting/?page_id=1269>.
• "How Can Parents Help to Prevent Bullying at Their Child's School? | Education.com."
Education.com | An Education & Child Development Site for Parents | Parenting & Educational
Resource. 2006. Web. 15 June 2011. <http://www.education.com/reference/article/help-prevent-
bullying-at-school/>.
• Olweus, Dan. "What Is Bullying? Definition, Statistics & Information on Bullying." Olweus Bullying
Prevention Program from Hazelden & Clemson University. Web. 15 June 2011.
<http://www.olweus.org/public/bullying.page>.
• "You Can't Take It Back." Parents & Guardians. National Center for Missing & Exploited Children,
2001-2010. Web. 15 June 2011. <http://www.netsmartz.org/RealLifeStories/CantTakeItBack>.
Abu Dhabi: The four boys who reportedly beat 11-year-old LoujainHussain in school are being monitored closely, according to the principal of the Abu Dhabi institute."They [the four boys] are being watched by teachers to make sure that nothing more happens … they are also being kept indoors during recess out of concern for the reactions of fellow pupils," Khadeeja Al Sayyar, principal of Al Ma'ali International Private School, told Gulf News."Additionally, the entire Grade 4 section was shifted to a new location closer to the supervisor's office so they can also be monitored," she added. The co-ed school follows an Arabic-American curriculum and its 1,500 pupils are housed in two buildings.http://gulfnews.com/news/gulf/uae/education/loujain-struggles-at-home-after-vicious-attack-1.1022458"One building is for pupils in Grade 4 and below, while the older students study in another building," Khadeeja told Gulf News earlier. The principal also clarified that the attack took place in an area of the playground which is reserved for girls and those in Grade 4 and below. "It is one of the more isolated areas … we always have 14 staff members patrolling the entire playground even though there are no security cameras," she said.HistoryLoujain, an Iranian expatriate, and her friends were attacked by Grade 4 pupils over a week ago when a minor incident turned violent. In addition to the brain haemorrhage, Loujain is also suffering from swelling of the brain and bruising.Related LinksLoujain's family waits for progress Problem of bullying in schoolsShe remains in a medically induced coma at the ShaikhKhalifa Medical City (SKMC). "Loujain is stable, but the doctors are still worried that she is not able to open her eyes. Because of her brain injuries, they had to postpone Loujain's MRI twice to next week," said Mahran, her older brother.According to L.J., another victim of the tragic incident, the boys have a history of aggressive behaviour at the school. "They always picked on other [pupils] … even the teachers have a hard time controlling them," she said.But the principal insists that the boys were not aware of the severity of their actions and their consequences."They are just young children, only nine or 10 years old … now they are scared to go anywhere because of the negative attention they are receiving," Khadeeja said. The incident is still being investigated by the police and officials from the Abu Dhabi Education Council (Adec)."We are cooperating fully with the investigation, however, the children involved are constantly changing their stories so we are waiting for the final results [so that we can then take the necessary steps]," the principal said."The boys have not been suspended because that can only be done if we receive instructions from Adec … however, it is likely that they will not be accepted for the upcoming academic year," she added.The boys' parents have requested that their details not be provided to the media. "They do not wish to be interviewed or be contacted at this time. The parents simply want to focus on cooperating with the investigation while sheltering their children as much as possible," Khadeeja said.Juvenile lawsThe experience of Loujain, who was a victim of bullying in school, has drawn attention to a problem that might be significantly more serious than the society had expected.What does the law say about these situations, and who is held responsible for causing potentially irreversible damage or possibly death?From a legal perspective, FaisaMousa, an Emirati lawyer, told Gulf News that violent incidents which lead to severe injuries, handicaps or death are dealt with according to the juvenile law."Students above the age of 14 are referred to the juvenile correction facilities for guidance, education and rehabilitation. Students below this age are handed to their parents on condition that they write an affidavit [statement] pledging that they will take care of their children to prevent any future recurrence of such actions."Meanwhile, the offending child's family should bear any financial responsibility for the victims' medical treatment and care. They also should pay financial compensation to the victim's family if the family chooses," she said.A psychologist said that bullying is aggressive behaviour which is intentional and is repeated, possibly frequently, over time.""Bullying can happen in many ways. Physical — such as hitting or punching; verbal — such as teasing, name calling; emotional — through gestures or social exclusion; non verbal — such as insulting messages, and others," Dr Dolly Habbal, consultant psychologist at Gulf Diagnostic Centre, told Gulf News.There is not just a single reason that causes children to bully others. It is, rather, a combination of factors and influences from family, peers, school, and the community, which collectively can place a child at risk of becoming a bully. Several reasons can lead to violence among children," DrHabbal said."Children learn by modelling and tend to copy their parents. Some parents demonstrate aggressive behaviour at home, whether husbands towards their spouses or fathers beating their children. So, parents set hostility and aggressiveness as a behavioural model in dealing with people. Other parents are permissive and don't establish rules of conduct at home and don't apply a penalty system either. Television as well plays an influential role on children's behaviour. Movies and even cartoons carry a great deal of violence and blood nowadays, and parents don't and can't supervise every programme," she explained.DrHabbal explained that lack of communication between school and home doesn't help sorting out such behaviour either."Students who commit such violence definitely have conduct disorder. If a conduct disorder is not treated in a timely manner, it develops into an anti-social personality that is a disorder which can be associated with crimes. People who have an anti-social personality do not have a sense of right or wrong, they have no moral values and are indifferent to other people's needs. Additionally, they don't abide by the society's rules and create and follow their own. All delinquents and psychopathic criminals have an anti-social personality disorder. Once developed it is difficult to correct and takes a long time to treat," she concluded. ………………………Abu Dhabi: Loujain's weekend homecoming was a bittersweet affair, as she and her family struggled to accept the events that led to her three-week hospitalisation, her older brother revealed to Gulf News. "We were so happy to see her well and back home but we are worried because it seems that Loujain is having trouble [reconciling with] what happened to her," MahranHussain, 22, an Iranian expatriate, said. “ Loujain is withdrawn but we do see glimmers of her old personality from time to time… we are just hoping and praying that she will one day return to the Loujain we knew before the attack” MahranHussain, Iranian expatriate"Loujain is withdrawn but we do see glimmers of her old personality from time to time… we are just hoping and praying that she will one day return to the Loujain we knew before the attack," he added. The 11-year-old sustained serious injuries, including a brain haemorrhage caused when a previously undiagnosed congenital condition called arteriovenous malformation or AVM and an aneurysm, an enlarged artery caused by a weakened blood vessel, ruptured. She also suffered heavy bruising. Article continues belowShe was treated at the ShaikhKhalifa Medical City (SKMC). "We are worried because she has trouble seeing things out of her left eye… that is causing her to stumble and so she needs someone to help guide her so she does not hurt herself," Mahran said. "A doctor examined her on Thursday before she was discharged… but has said that for now, we have to wait and see. Loujain has also been scheduled for some tests this week… hopefully, the results will be positive for her," he added. ‘Elbowed harshly'The grade seven pupil at Al Ma'ali International Private School was allegedly beaten up by a group of grade four pupils nearly three weeks ago. The incident, which took place during break time at the school, appeared to be triggered when a friend of Loujain's accidentally stumbled into one of the boys. "She remembers some details of what happened to her… such as being elbowed harshly by one of the boys," Maha Abdul Kader, her mother, said. Her family has also expressed their concern over the sudden spasms that rack Loujain's body at seemingly random intervals. "She was given some medication… but over the weekend, we began noticing these tremors… my parents are following up with her doctors to see what is causing them and how to treat them," Mahran said. As Loujain continues her recovery at home, her parents are adamant she will not return to the school. "I will never allow her to return to that place… we will find a way to arrange it so Loujain can catch up on her studies and take any exam at home," Hussain Abdullah, her father, said. Mahran said they planned to approach the Abu Dhabi Education Council (Adec), which is currently investigating the incident with the Abu Dhabi police. "When DrMugheer [Khamis Al Khaili, Adec's director general], visited Loujain on Thursday before she was discharged, he told us that if we needed any help we could approach him. My parents hope to meet him and find a solution for her studies, such as arranging for her to be home-schooled," he said.
